Introduction of black goat
Black goats are mainly distributed in areas below 2500 meters above sea level. Take Jiangnan as an example. It is windy and dry in winter and spring, rainy and humid in summer and autumn. The annual average temperature 15.2℃, the highest (July) temperature is 39.9℃, the lowest (65438+1October) temperature is -5.8℃, and the annual precipitation 1 137.2 mm, mostly concentrated in 6 ~/kloc. The production area is vast, with a large area of grass hills and slopes, and the grassland vegetation coverage rate is 40-50% (the highest is 80%). There are many kinds of forage grass, mainly Gramineae, others are weeds and leguminous forage grass. The soil is mainly red loam and yellow loam. Crops can be harvested once a year, twice a year in some places, and three times in the Jinsha River basin, mainly including rice, wheat, corn, miscellaneous grains and beans.
Nutritional analysis: 1. Heishan mutton is rich in protein, and its amino acid composition is closer to human needs, which can improve human disease resistance. It is especially suitable for people who are nursed back to health after operation and illness to supplement blood loss and repair tissues. Eating mutton in cold winter can warm the stomach and is a good tonic this season. Heishan mutton has the effects of nourishing the middle energizer, strengthening the spleen and stomach, strengthening the bones and muscles, resolving phlegm and calming the wind, quenching thirst and stopping saliva, and is suitable for people with hidden middle energizer, shortness of breath, physical weakness, weakness of bones and muscles, chronic anemia and yellow complexion. 3. Montenegro mutton can be used to prevent miscarriage and tonify the spirit, and Montenegro mutton can stabilize the middle energizer, strengthen the spleen and nourish the stomach, and strengthen the tendons and bones. Remarks: 1. Fresh Montenegro mutton has luster, even fat and slightly dark red, white or yellowish, slightly dry or air-dried in appearance, not sticky, good elasticity and fresh meat flavor. The old black goat is dark red in color and thick in texture; The tender black goat is light red, firm, delicate and elastic.
Variety characteristics of black goats: Black goats are all black. Short and thin hair grows on the inner layer of the coat.
Breeding prospect of black goat
1, rich in labor resources. China has the richest labor resources in the world. Every year, a large number of rural surplus labor force pours into cities, forming the most distinctive migrant workers' tide in Spring Festival travel rush every year. Although most of them are accepted by township enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, they have made great contributions to the development of cities and the take-off of local economy. However, we can still see that their cultural level is low and their technical level is limited, so it is more and more difficult to find jobs in cities, which has caused certain pressure on social security and social stability in cities. How to resettle and mobilize this part of the surplus labor force is also a major problem that successive governments have to focus on.
With the development of black goat breeding industry, rational allocation of labor resources and large-scale production of house feeding will be an important way out.
2. Feed resources are abundant. China has grasslands and grassy slopes with an area of 400 million hm (Ministry of Agriculture, 1994), accounting for 40% of the national territory, ranking second in the world after Australia. In addition, the state is implementing the policy of returning farmland to forests and grasslands to improve the ecological environment, which will further increase grassland area and improve forage varieties.
In addition, agricultural areas in China can produce about 500 million tons of crop straws and other feeds suitable for sheep production every year. All these provide a basic material basis for the development of mutton sheep industry in China.
3. There are excellent black goat breeds in China, which have high reproduction rate and have their own characteristics. For example, Wei Yan black goat breeds have high reproduction rate in Hunan, and are suitable for captivity or stocking. High-quality black goats can be introduced to promote breeding, which is conducive to improving the economic benefits of black goat breeding and promoting rural black goats to become rich.
4. Expanding domestic market demand With the improvement of national economic strength and people's living standards, people pay more and more attention to economic, healthy, nutritious and environmentally friendly foods. Mutton is tender, delicious, juicy, low in cholesterol and rich in nutrition, which has become a fashion promoted by people. The domestic market demand has further expanded, especially in coastal provinces and cities such as Guangdong and Fujian, where mutton consumption was originally low. In recent years, the consumption of mutton has also increased significantly.
Feeding method of black goat
First of all, choose multiple ewes and master how to produce more lambs.
1. In the breeding season, increase nutrition and improve fatness. Fat sheep with regular estrus can also increase the number of ovulation. According to the test report, the empty pregnancy rate of ewes with good fat is 1.2%, that of ewes with medium fat is 2.8%, and that of ewes with poor fat is 9%. The fetal mortality rate of ewes with good pregnancy is 2.3%, and that of ewes with poor pregnancy is 13.9%. For example, Wei Yan black goats are fed with green and juicy feed in the breeding season, and the twin-lamb rate is 70%, while the twin-lamb rate is 25% only fed with hay, which shows the importance of fattening sheep and increasing nutrition.
2. It is necessary to raise breeding sheep with multiple births, multiple births and estrus all the year round. At present, the existing Wei Yan black goat is an excellent breed with multiple births in China, and the ewe can give birth to two lambs within 360 ~ 390 days. In addition, breeding rams with great potential for twin lambs can be selected for breeding, which can greatly improve the menstrual yield of ewes. Wei Yan Heishan mutton variety can be used for crossbreeding improvement with local sheep, which can not only improve the meat production performance of the improved variety, but also improve the multiple birth rate. Secondly, we can choose multi-lamb ewes as feeding objects and gradually cultivate multi-lamb ewes.
3. Appropriately increase the number of high-yield ewes. More than 60% ewes of school age should be raised, replaced in time, and ewes over 7 years old or with unsatisfactory lambing should be eliminated. In this way, ewes always maintain a vigorous lambing state.
4. Grasp the breeding time and timely breed and conceive. Black goats usually find estrus in the morning, so they should be bred at night. If they are still in estrus the next morning, they should be bred again. Estrus in the morning, you can breed the next morning 1 time; If you are in estrus in the afternoon, you can breed the next afternoon. In addition, repeated mating, double mating and mixed semen insemination can all improve the lambing rate.
Second, how can we slaughter quickly?
1. Start with the mating of pregnant ewes. The gestation period of a mother is 5 months (150 days), which can be divided into pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy. The first three months after pregnancy is before pregnancy, and the fetus grows slowly, so it can be fed with general forage. The last two months are the key period of fetal development, and 80% ~ 90% of fetal weight gain is completed at this stage. Poor forage and poor nutritional status will lead to poor fetal development. After the lamb is born, its body is thin, its ability to regulate body temperature is poor, and it is easy to get sick and die. Therefore, at this stage, ewes should be fed more nutrition, the ingredients should be about 1 kg, green hay, silage, and preferably some carrots, so that the lambs produced will be strong, easy to grow and grow quickly.
2. Newborn lambs should eat colostrum first and supplement it as soon as possible. Colostrum is rich in protein, fat, immunoglobulin, vitamins and other substances, which plays a very important role in strengthening lamb constitution, discharging meconium and preventing diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to provide artificial assistance in time after delivery and eat whole colostrum. If you have lambs for a long time, you can find other lambs to feed. The milk and urine of the lamb can be coated on the head and hindquarters of the lamb, so that the ewe can recognize the lamb and breastfeed. If there are no ewes, they can be fed with homemade milk substitutes. Its formula is corn flour 30%, wheat flour 22%, fried bean flour 17%, skimmed milk powder 20%, yeast powder 4%, white sugar 4.5%, calcium powder 1.5%, salt 0.5%, trace element additive 0.5% and concentrated cod liver oil1. After weaning, corn flour 34%, wheat flour 25%, bean cake powder 15%, milk powder 10%, bran 10%, yeast powder 3%, calcium powder 2%, salt 0.5% and trace element additive 0.5% can be added. When feeding milk replacer before weaning, it must be quantitative, regular, constant temperature, maintain hygiene, and take oxytetracycline or sulfadiazine once a day to prevent diseases.
3. Fast fattening of weaned lambs. The law of sheep's growth and weight gain is fast in the early stage and slow in the late stage, reaching maturity at the age of 65438 +0.5 ~ 2 years, and gradually stopping growing. Bone grows fastest in the first three months after birth, muscle and weight grow fastest in 4 ~ 6 months, and then fat deposition increases rapidly. By 1 year, the growth rate of muscle and fat is almost equal, while the feed reward decreases with age. Therefore, we should make good use of the characteristics of fast growth and development of lambs and high feed reward. The method is as follows: after weaning, lamb is fed with the above formula for 30 days, and then fed with another formula for 50 days. Generally, in lamb fattening, in addition to ensuring the supply of high-quality hay and juicy feed, lambs weighing 20-30 kg are supplemented with 0.8-0.9 kg of concentrate every day, and those weighing 30-40 kg can be supplemented 1.2- 1.4 kg. The concentrate formula is 58% corn, 20% oil residue, 20% bran and 1.4 kg calcium powder. If grazing, it should be supplemented once a day in the morning and evening, and its formula is 63% corn, 25% bean cake, 10% bran and 0.5% salt, 0.3 ~ 0.5 kg per day. After 50 days of supplementary feeding, you should go out as soon as possible.
4. Fattening and eliminating other adult sheep in time. For ewes with unsatisfactory lambing, the original ewes should be eliminated in time by grasping the market conditions. Rams should be replaced regularly and fattened according to specific conditions before elimination. 50% corn, 20% oil residue, 20% bran, 8% glutinous rice or other, 1% salt, 0.8 ~ 0.9 kg per day can be added to the concentrate formula.
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How to raise black goats;
1. Feeding method of black goat
2. What are the breeding prospects of black goats?
3. How to raise black goats indoors?
4. How to raise goats
5. How to raise goats