Chinese pinyin: bí qí. Chinese name: water chestnut. Water chestnut (2 pieces) English name: Water-chestnuts. Scientific name: Eleocharis tuberosa. Spoken language: horseshoe (ma ti), white chestnut, swallowtail grass and mushroom. Genus: Angiosperma, Monocotyledon, Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Eleocharis. Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. F.) Trin. Ex Henschel [e.tuberosa roem et schudt.; E. plantaginea R. Brown.], which is used as medicine with bulbs and aboveground parts. Cut the aboveground parts in late autumn and dry them in the sun. The bulbs can be used fresh. Indian origin, China is mainly distributed in low-lying areas such as Guangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi. It is also distributed in parts of Hebei. Summarize the ancient name "Fu", also known as "black taro". Today, some areas are famous for chestnut, pear and horseshoe. Perennial herbs, planted in paddy fields. Underground stems are oblate, and the surface is dark brown or purplish red. The meat is white and edible. Water chestnut (Figure 2) Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica describes its plant shape and cultivation method in detail. China is widely cultivated in the provinces south of the Yangtze River. Anhui Wuwei, Guangxi Guilin, Zhejiang Yuhang, Jiangsu Gaoyou, Fujian Fuzhou, Hubei Hankou and Dangyang Shuanglian are famous producing areas. Reproduction with bulbs. After germination, a short stem is formed, and the green leaflike stem with its terminal buds and lateral buds pumping upward is slender and erect like a tube. The leaves degenerated into membranous sheets, which were attached to the base of leaflike stems and the upper part of bulbs. Photosynthesis was carried out by green leaflike stems. Stolons are pumped around from the shortened stem of the mother plant, and the tip expands into a new bulb. Spikes, small flowers attached in a spiral shape. Nutlets are leathery and difficult to germinate. Seeds germinate at 15℃, start tillering at 25℃, plants grow vigorously at 30℃, and bulbs form when the temperature drops below 20℃. Generally, in early spring, seeds with perfect terminal buds and lateral buds are selected to raise seedlings in outdoor seedbeds, and they are often kept moist. It takes about15 ~ 20 days to grow seedlings for field planting. The plant spacing is generally 30 cm× 60 cm, and about 3000 holes are planted per mu. Maintain a certain water layer and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer during tillering and rameting. Topdressing phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer before bulb formation has a significant effect on increasing yield and improving quality. The main pests and diseases are Fusarium wilt, stem borer and so on. Water chestnut bulbs contain about 2 1% carbohydrate and 0/.5% protein, which can be eaten raw or cooked. It can also be processed in cans or used as raw materials for extracting starch. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it has the functions of quenching thirst, promoting digestion and relieving fever. Water chestnut (16) Efficacy Water chestnut is sweet and crisp, rich in nutrition, and contains protein, fat, crude fiber, carotene, vitamin B, vitamin C, iron, calcium, phosphorus and carbohydrates. Can be eaten raw, can also be used for cooking, can make starch, and can also be used as Chinese medicine. Water chestnut (figure 1) contains the highest phosphorus among root vegetables, which can promote human growth and maintain physiological functions, and is of great benefit to the development of teeth and bones. At the same time, it can promote the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein in the body and adjust the acid-base balance. Therefore, water chestnut is suitable for children to eat. In the study of water chestnut in Britain, an antibacterial component-water chestnut, which is heat-labile, was found. This substance has a certain inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacilli producing bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and also has a certain effect on lowering blood pressure. This substance also has preventive and therapeutic effects on cancers of the lungs, esophagus and breast. Water chestnut also has the function of preventing acute infectious diseases. In the spring when measles and epidemic meningitis are more likely to occur, water chestnut is a good disease-preventing food. Water chestnut is a cold food, which has a good effect of clearing away heat and purging fire. It can not only clear away heat and promote fluid production, but also supplement nutrition, and is most suitable for patients with fever. It has the effects of cooling blood, detoxicating, promoting diuresis, relaxing bowels, eliminating phlegm, promoting digestion and relieving bloating. Horseshoe is best not to be eaten raw often. If you often eat raw horseshoes, the ginger worm will enter the human body and attach to the intestinal mucosa, which will cause intestinal ulcers, diarrhea or facial edema. In addition, horseshoe is a cold food, which is not suitable for people with spleen, kidney and blood stasis. Different places call horseshoe (one of the "Pantang Five Show" in Guangzhou) and Puyu (Liushi, Zhejiang, Taizhou, Zhejiang, Wuhu, Anhui, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, The pronunciation of water chestnut is the same as that of Mandarin), fruit (Wuwei, Anhui), black taro, chestnut, pear, water chestnut, Tongtian grass [Hangzhou, Zhejiang], arrowhead (Sichuan), Puxi (Jingxian, Anhui and Guangshui, Hubei), Pitching (Jingzhou and Dangyang, Hubei) and Qiancong (Guangdong). Pu Ji (Guizhou), Pu Zi (Fuzhou, Jiangxi, Jinxian), Ma Wei (Ruijin, Jiangxi), Pu Qiu (Jingdezhen, Dongxiang, Jiangxi), Pu Lizi (Leiyang, Hunan), Pu Yizi (Changsha, Hunan) and Ci Gu Zi (Hengshan, Hunan, Anfu, Jiangxi). Nutritional analysis of water chestnut contains higher phosphorus in root vegetables, which can promote the growth and development of human body and maintain the needs of physiological functions, and is of great benefit to the development of teeth and bones. At the same time, it can promote the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein in the body and adjust the acid-base balance, so water chestnut is suitable for children to eat. In the study of water chestnut in Britain, a kind of water chestnut was found, which has certain inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and also has certain effect on lowering blood pressure. This substance also has preventive and therapeutic effects on cancer. Eleocharis tuberosa is tender and full of body fluid, which can be used to treat the symptoms of fever, body fluid injury and thirst, and has a certain auxiliary treatment effect on diabetic polyuria. Water chestnut decoction can induce diuresis and expel stranguria, which has a certain therapeutic effect on patients with urinary incontinence and can be used as a good food therapy for patients with urinary tract infection. In recent years, it has been found that water chestnut contains an antiviral substance that can inhibit epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and influenza virus and can be used to prevent the spread of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and influenza. It can be eaten by the general population. Children and patients with fever are most suitable for eating, and patients with cough and phlegm, dry throat and sore throat, indigestion, unfavorable urination and defecation, and cancer can also eat more; It has certain effects on hypertension, constipation, diabetic polyuria, loose urine and patients with urinary tract infection, and can also prevent the spread of meningitis and influenza. The phosphorus contained in water chestnut suitable for people is higher in root vegetables, which can promote the growth and development of human body and maintain the physiological function, and is of great benefit to the development of teeth and bones. At the same time, it can promote the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein in the body and adjust the acid-base balance, so water chestnut is very suitable for children to eat. Water chestnut contains "water chestnut", which has a certain inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and also has a certain effect on lowering blood pressure. This substance can also prevent and treat cancer, so patients with bacterial infection, constipation, hypertension and cancer can eat more water chestnut. Eleocharis tuberosa is tender and full of body fluid, which can be used to treat the symptoms of fever, body fluid injury and thirst, and has a certain auxiliary treatment effect on diabetic polyuria. Eleocharis tuberosa can induce diuresis and expel stranguria, which has a certain therapeutic effect on patients with stranguria and can be used as a good diet for patients with urinary tract infection. Water chestnut contains an antiviral substance, which can inhibit epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and influenza virus and can be used to prevent the spread of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and influenza. It is very good for people with fever to drink some water chestnut juice, which can achieve the functions of reducing fever, clearing fire and diminishing inflammation. It is not suitable for people with cold water, children with weak digestion, spleen and stomach deficiency, loose stool and blood stasis. The dietotherapy effect of water chestnut is sweet and cold; It has the effects of clearing away lung heat and rich in mucus, promoting the production of body fluid, moistening lung, resolving phlegm, promoting bowel movement, treating stranguria and diuresis, eliminating carbuncle and detoxicating, cooling blood and eliminating dampness, promoting digestion and relieving flatulence; Indications are fever to quench thirst, jaundice, red eyes, sore throat, scanty urine, exogenous wind-heat and mass accumulation. Warm reminder that water chestnut is a cold food, which is not suitable for people with spleen, kidney and blood stasis. And cooked water chestnut is sweeter.