The planting field is vital to the growth and development of asparagus, therefore, must be carefully selected. To choose fertile soil, thick soil layer, fertilizer and water retention performance, good permeability, low water table, easy to drain the soil planting asparagus, but the sandy loam and light clay loam is the most suitable. Sandy loam and light clay loam soil is not easy to slough, cultivate soil and harvesting convenient, harvested young stems white, not easy to bend.
The former crop is mulberry, orchard, woodland plots should not plant asparagus. Because the soil residue of tree roots after rotting easy to produce purple feather fungus, if planting asparagus, easy to produce root rot disease. Wheat total erosion disease is also heavy plots should not cultivate asparagus.
Plots of asparagus planting, the water table must be low, complete water conservancy facilities, so that the drought can be watered, flooding can be discharged.
Soil PH to 5.5-7.5 is appropriate, do not cultivate asparagus in strong acid, strong alkaline soil, otherwise the growth of plants will be adversely affected. Soil salinity should be below 0.25% to favor the vigorous growth of asparagus.
Plots of asparagus planting, light conditions should be good, in order to facilitate the plant to fully photosynthesize. Since the above ground part of asparagus is tall and weak, do not plant asparagus on a windy spot to prevent strong winds from blowing the above ground part down. The planting field should be concentrated into a piece, and convenient transportation, easy to manage, purchase and processing.
The first section of the preparation before planting
1. deep tilling of the ground asparagus growth period is long, before planting the land should be fully ploughed and leveled, applying sufficient fertilizer, fertilizer, for asparagus to lay a good foundation for the production of asparagus.
2. digging ditch fertilizer before planting to deep tilling and leveling of the land, white asparagus according to 1.8 m row spacing, green asparagus according to 1.3-1.4 m row spacing, according to the terrain, to the north-south rows or east-west rows of good straight line, and then along the straight line dug 0.45 m wide, 0.4-0.5 m deep planting ditch.
Digging the trench should be more than 25 centimeters of cooked soil and less than 25 centimeters of raw soil separate open. When backfilling, put the cooked soil at the bottom first to facilitate the development of asparagus roots. Each mu of 3000-5000 kg of soil fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer 50 kg and soil pull apart evenly applied into the planting ditch. The organic fertilizer in the planting ditch has the following requirements, it is appropriate to use well rotted pig, chicken manure and human waste. Planting ditch should not be filled, can be lower than the original ground 5-7 cm, planting and then gradually fill the ditch. Fill the planting furrow with water and sink it to avoid the soil sinking after planting due to watering or rainfall, which will make the seedlings fall down. Rouge between the two ditches should be made high in the middle, the two sides of the low arch, and later with the continuous growth of seedlings, and then gradually backfill the ridge soil in the planting ditch, the formation of about 10 cm above the original level of the soil ridge, in order to make leakage period drainage and flood prevention. Because the asparagus root system is very deep, if you don't dig a planting furrow, 25 cm below the plow subsoil sloughing, poor permeability, nutrient content is small, asparagus root system is not easy to grow, slow expansion of the root plate, seriously affecting the early yield of asparagus.
3. Selection of seedling grading planting In order to ensure that the growth of asparagus after planting neatly, seedling up according to the 10 cm square cut into soil blocks, easy to transplant with soil. When planting seedlings should be graded, according to the size of seedlings selected seedlings planting. The standard for planting seedlings is to require seedlings about 0.3 meters tall, with more than 3 stems and 7 underground storage roots. Failure to qualify can not be planted.
Section III planting time
In accordance with the requirements of the asparagus early yield cultivation techniques, early spring seedlings cultivated in small arches, when the seedlings above ground stems up to 3 or more, generally in late May can be directed to planting. The use of open ground nursery seedlings, according to seedling conditions in the fall of the year or the following spring planting. Regardless of which way to raise seedlings, in order to extend the reproductive period of asparagus field, planting with strong seedlings with soil block directional planting high survival rate. In this period, it is easy to start seedlings with soil, light root injury, fast seedling slowing, good growth. Large seedlings have many roots, and it is easy to injure the roots, and it is easy to suffer from diseases after planting. Seedling age in 60-80 days is appropriate.
Section IV Planting Density
The reasonableness or otherwise of the planting density is related to the yield, quality and length of the year of harvesting bamboo shoots and whether the management is convenient. Planting density is large, on the asparagus of the early yield has a certain benefit, but with the asparagus bulb body disk expansion, the number of bulb group increases, will cause the growth of the ground is depressed, poor ventilation and light, easy to incur the occurrence of pests and diseases. Planting density is too small, can not utilize the ground force, yield is not high, economic benefits decline. Reasonable density is to maximize the yield and quality of shoots and stems, and can be stable and high yield for many years. Cultivation of white asparagus row spacing of 1.8 meters, plant spacing of 0.25-0.3 meters, planting 1300-1500 plants per mu is the most appropriate. Green asparagus cultivation is not subject to the requirements of soil cultivation, row spacing can be reduced to 1.3-1.4 meters, plant spacing is the same 0.25-0.3 meters, planting 1600-2000 plants per acre is more appropriate.
Section V Planting Methods
In the middle of a good planting ditch, draw a straight line, and then the seedlings with soil blocks, according to the growth and development of asparagus seedlings sprouting above ground stems in the direction of directional planting. Planting seedlings should have more than 3 underground stems, if planted according to the north-south ditch, will be the first time out of the above-ground stems (a shorter thin stem) placed in the north, can not be placed on both sides of the ditch; if planted according to the east-west ditch, the first time out of the above-ground stems should be placed in the ditch of the east or west, to achieve the same with the planting rows, seedlings and seedlings separate, do not mix planting, so as to avoid the impact of the asparagus of the degree of neatness. Planting along the straight line according to the plant spacing 0.25-0.3 meters, with digging and planting. The size of the hole diameter to be able to put in the seedlings as a standard, after planting mulch 4-5 centimeters and press the solid, and then watering. As the seedlings grow, gradually take the soil to fill the planting ditch, so that the depth of planting seedlings to maintain at about 12 cm. If you plant too deep, it is easy to cause a lack of plants or stunted seedlings. Planting too shallow, plant nutrient deficiency, above ground stems easy to fall, and not high yield.
Section VI field management after planting
The length of time it takes for asparagus to be planted and harvested varies greatly depending on the seedling method and planting time. The first year of seedling, planted in April of the following year, the year can grow for 5 months; sun bed seedling, planted in May-June can grow for 3-4 months, these two types of the next spring can be harvested bamboo shoots, and higher yields; spring open field seedling, planted after August the next spring can not be harvested bamboo shoots.
1. Seedling replenishment and pest control 1 month after planting to check the seedling replenishment. Seedling replenishment should be watered to ensure survival, replanting seedlings should still pay attention to directional planting.
Planted seedlings due to poor resilience and poor regeneration, such as stem blight and underground pests can cause serious losses when they occur. It is necessary to patrol the field frequently and find diseases and insects in time to prevent and control.
2. Watering and plowing cultivation After planting, we should water in time to slow down the seedlings, and then mulch after the water seeps down. The mulch should be broken up to prevent the seedlings from being overwhelmed, because the shoots are very small and must be managed carefully.
After planting the asparagus seedlings small root shallow, drought tolerance is weak. It should be watered at the right time depending on the weather conditions and moisture changes. After each fertilizer, should also be watered to promote the decomposition of fertilizer, play the effect of fertilizer. Autumn is asparagus autumn stems in the peak period, and is the accumulation of nutrients for the second year to create a high yield of the key period, if the drought in the fall should be watered at the right time, otherwise it will affect the young stems of the pumping, resulting in the early decline of the plant. Before the winter freeze before and after the winter pouring a wintering water, in order to facilitate the safe overwintering of asparagus, and cultivate the soil 15 cm to reduce the number of hollow shoots in the next year.
3. Fertilizer Seedlings planted 20 days into the normal growth period, which should be applied urea or ammonium bicarbonate and other fast-acting nitrogen fertilizers to promote rapid seedling pumping above ground stems. Increase the amount of above-ground growth. At this time, 30 kg of urea or 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu. Fertilizer from asparagus 20-25 cm from the ridge open ditch, ditch depth of 10 cm is appropriate, the fertilizer into the ditch in time to cover the soil rake flat. Fertilizer to prevent the fertilizer spread on the ground or fertilizer from the plant too close to avoid nutrient epidemic or burn plants, fertilizer watering in a timely manner.
Planting 40-50 days should be applied to the second autumn fertilizer, at this time when the first fertilizer has been over and the first batch of shoots to destroy the peak of the hair has been into the second batch of shoots will be drawn, in time to catch up with the second autumn fertilizer, will make the shoots grow strong, the number of shoots more. This fertilizer to compound fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer as a supplement, per acre of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer 40 kg, urea 10 kg, to ensure that asparagus stop growing before the need for fertilizers, so that the autumn development to the maximum, the accumulation of more assimilated substances for the second year of production to lay a solid foundation. After the first fertilizer must be timely watering.