pào jiāng
2 English ReferenceRhizoma Zingiberis Preparata [Xiangya's Dictionary of Medical Sciences]
ZINGIBERIS RHIZOMA PRAEPARATUM [Chinese People's **** and State Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition)]
3 OverviewGun ginger is the concoction of dried ginger. The method is sand-frying. The method of frying dried ginger has existed in the Han Dynasty, see Jin Gui Yao Liao Fang Lun (金贵要略方论). Dried ginger is the dried rhizome of ginger Zingiber officinale Rosc. of the ginger family [1]. The dried ginger is in the form of irregularly swollen lumps with finger-like branches. The surface is brownish black or brownish brown. The texture is light foam, the section shows brownish black at the edge, the center is brownish yellow, fine granularity, vascular bundles scattered. Gas aroma, special, taste slightly pungent, spicy. Cannon ginger flavor bitter, pungent, warm nature [1]. It has the function of warming the middle and dispersing cold, warming the menstruation and stopping bleeding [1]. Its pungent and dry nature is weaker than that of dry ginger, and the power of warming is not as rapid as that of dry ginger, but the effect is gentle and long-lasting, and it is long in warming the middle and stopping pain, stopping diarrhea and warming menstruation and stopping bleeding [1]. It can be used for abdominal pain, diarrhea and cold bleeding [1].
4 Cannonized gingerIn the Han Dynasty, there was the method of fire cannon (Jin Gui Yao Liao Fang Lun) [1]. (《校注妇人良方》), soil-fried (《类编朱氏集验醫方》) and other concoctions [1].
The Yuan Dynasty still use "slow fire gun crack" ("Health Baojian") [1].
The Ming Dynasty, salammoniac fried ("Qixing Liangfang"), child's stool fried black ("Introduction to Medicine"), water immersion fire simmering, slow fire simmering to the very black ("Shou Shi Baoyuan") and other methods, and that "child's stool fried black stop epistaxis, spit blood, bloody diarrhea, leakage" ("Introduction to Medicine"), "if the treatment of postpartum blood deficiency Fever and stop bleeding are fried black, warm shelling with, dispel cold evil, the lung gas, stop vomiting with" ("shelling the great method") [1].
Qing Dynasty still have ginger charcoal ("Surgery Dacheng"), cannon ginger charcoal ("Surgical Evidence and Treatment Quan Sheng Ji"), wine steamed cannon ginger ("Young and Young Integration") and other concocted varieties [1].
In the Qing Dynasty, there began to gun ginger charcoal, black gun ginger and other names, the gun ginger and ginger charcoal mixed into one species, and in recent times, a part of the region is also the two as a concoction of products, according to the concoction of fire and finished product properties analysis, gun ginger charcoal and black gun ginger is actually ginger charcoal [1].
Nowadays, the main methods of concoctions are sand blanching and stir-frying charcoal [1].
Preparation of net dried ginger: take the original herb, remove impurities, slightly soaked, washed, moistened, cut thick slices or blocks, dried, sifted to remove debris [1].
Cannonized ginger concoction: first net river sand placed in the frying container, stir-fry hot with martial arts fire, and then add dry ginger slices or pieces, constantly turning, stir-frying until bulging, the surface of the brown, take out, sieve off the sand, dry and cool [1].
5 Traits of gun gingerDry ginger is irregular thick slices or cubes [1]. Surface gray-brown or light yellow-brown [1]. The cut surface is yellowish white, with obvious tendinous dots, showing powdery, with specific aroma and pungent flavor [1].
Cannon ginger is irregular thick slices or blocks, the surface bulging, brownish-yellow, internal dark yellow, loose texture, gas aroma, taste pungent and spicy [1].
6 Sexual flavor of dried ginger attributionDried ginger is pungent in taste and hot in nature [1].
Dried ginger belongs to the spleen, stomach, kidney, heart and lung meridians [2].
Dried ginger enters the heart, lung, spleen and kidney meridians[3].
Ginger is bitter, pungent and warm in nature[1].
Ginger charcoal is bitter and astringent in flavor, warm in nature, and enters the spleen and liver meridians [1].
7 Effects and Indications of Dried GingerDried ginger has the functions of warming the middle and dispersing cold, returning yang to the veins, drying dampness and eliminating phlegm [1].
Dried ginger has the function of warming the middle and expelling cold, returning yang to the veins, eliminating phlegm and lowering qi [3]. It can be used to treat cold pain and distension in stomach and abdomen, vomiting and diarrhea with deficiency cold, cold limbs with weak pulse, coughing with cold drink, wind-cold and damp paralysis [3].
Dry ginger has the effect of warming the middle and dispersing cold, returning the sun to the veins, warming the lungs and resolving the effects of drink [2]. It is used for cold pain in the epigastric region, vomiting and diarrhea, cold limbs, cold pulse, cold drinks and cough [2].
Dry ginger can guard and go, so the middle Jiao cold evil partial prevalence and dampness, as well as cold drinks ambulance lung cough is quite suitable [1]. And because of this product is fast and strong, so it is used to restore Yang to save the reverse, its effect is very good [1]. It is often used for cold pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, vomiting and diarrhea, cold limbs and weak pulse, phlegm and cough [1]. Such as warming the middle and dispersing cold Dajianzhong Tang ("Jin Gui Yao Liao Fang Lun"); to restore yang to save the four reverse soup ("Notes on Typhoid Fever"); warming the lungs and dispersing cold and phlegm drink Xiao Qinglong Tang ("Notes on Typhoid Fever") [1].
Ginger is bitter, pungent and warm in nature [1]. It has the function of warming the middle and dispersing cold, warming the menstruation and stopping bleeding [1]. Its pungent and dry nature is weaker than dry ginger, and the power of warming is not as rapid as dry ginger, but the effect is gentle and long-lasting, and it is long in warming the middle to stop pain, stopping diarrhea and warming menstruation to stop bleeding [1]. It can be used for abdominal pain, diarrhea and cold bleeding of deficiency and cold [1]. For example, the treatment of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and cholera and turning tendons of the spleen and stomach deficiency and cold of the epiphyllum Lizhong Pill (Taiping Huimin Hejiaobu Fang); the treatment of blood in the stool of the spleen and stomach deficiency and cold of the ailanthus leaf pill (Taiping Shenghui Fang) [1].
Gun ginger warms the middle and stops diarrhea and bleeding. It is used for treating cold diarrhea, vomiting blood with deficiency cold, blood in stool, leakage, and abdominal pain with blood stasis after childbirth [3].
Ginger charcoal is bitter and astringent in flavor and warm in nature [1]. Attributed to the spleen and liver meridian [1]. Its pungent flavor disappears, guarded but not go, long in stopping bleeding and warming menstruation [1]. Its warming effect of menstruation is weaker than that of artillery ginger, and the effect of fixing astringency and stopping bleeding is stronger than that of artillery ginger, so it can be used for all kinds of deficiency and cold bleeding, and bleeding is more urgent and bleeding is more abundant [1]. Such as the treatment of hemorrhage, such as Sheng San ("Danxi Xinfa"); or with dry ginger burned black sex, for the end, rice drink, for the treatment of dysentery more than blood ("Yao's collection of prescription") [1].
8 The artillery of gingerdry ginger can guard and go, so the middle Jiao cold evil partial prevalence of dampness, as well as cold drinks ambulance lung wheezing and coughing is quite suitable [1]. And because of this product is fast and strong, so it is used to restore Yang to save the reverse, its effect is very good [1]. It is often used for cold pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, vomiting and diarrhea, cold limbs and weak pulse, phlegm and cough [1]. Such as warming the middle and dispersing cold Dajianzhong Tang ("Jin Gui Yao Liao Fang Lun"); to restore yang to save the four reverse soup ("Notes on Typhoid Fever"); warming the lungs and dispersing cold and phlegm drink Xiao Qinglong Tang ("Notes on Typhoid Fever") [1].
Ginger is bitter, pungent and warm in nature [1]. It has the function of warming the middle and dispersing cold, warming the menstruation and stopping bleeding [1]. Its pungent and dry nature is weaker than dry ginger, and the power of warming is not as rapid as dry ginger, but the effect is gentle and long-lasting, and it is long in warming the middle to stop pain, stopping diarrhea and warming menstruation to stop bleeding [1]. It can be used for abdominal pain, diarrhea and cold bleeding of deficiency and cold [1]. For example, it can be used to treat abdominal pain, diarrhea and cholera turning tendons of deficiency cold of spleen and stomach in the form of Radix Rehmanniae Pill (Taiping Huimin Hejiaobu Fang); and to treat blood in stool of deficiency cold of spleen and stomach in the form of Ailanthus Pill (Taiping Shenghui Fang) [1].
9 Concoction study of dried gingerThe main components of dried ginger are gingerone (zingiberone), β myrrhene (βbisabolene), gingerol (zingiberol), gingerene (zingiberene) and gingersols, 6shogaol, 8shogaol, etc. [1]. 8shogaol) etc [1].
9.1 Effect on chemical compositionComparison of the volatile oil content of ginger, gun ginger, and ginger charcoal showed that dried ginger had the highest content and was lighter in color; the content of gun ginger was significantly lower; and ginger charcoal had the lowest content, which was about 1/2 of that of dried ginger, and the latter two had darker volatile oils [1].
Studies of the volatile oils and ether extracts showed that the chromatographic profiles of the volatile oils and ether extracts of ginger and dried ginger were roughly the same, and there was no significant difference between gunner's ginger and ginger charcoal, but the former two had a large change compared with the latter two [1]. When dried ginger was heated and concocted, some spots disappeared, while some new spots appeared, and the relative content between the same Rf values produced significant changes [1]. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis was carried out using gingerol and 6-gingerolenone as the standard control, and the results showed that gingerol content ginger> dried ginger> shelled ginger> ginger charcoal; and 6-gingerolenone content dried ginger> shelled ginger> ginger> ginger charcoal[1]. Computerized gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of ether extracts of different concoctions of ginger detected 25, 22, 23, 23 components each from raw ginger, dried ginger, gun ginger, and ginger charcoal, with partial variations in the quality and quantity of the components detected in each of the concoctions [1].
9.2 Effects on pharmacological effects(1) Antiulcer effects: dried ginger, gun ginger aqueous decoction was taken at 4.5g/kg to rats by gavage[1]. The results showed that, in addition to the model of anti-inflammatory pain, gunpowder ginger showed obvious inhibitory tendency to stress gastric ulcer, acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer, pylorus ligation-type gastric ulcer, and dry ginger did not have this effect[1].
(2) Hemostatic effect: both gun ginger and ginger charcoal can shorten the bleeding time of mice, compared with the control group, there is a very significant difference [1]. The effect of ginger charcoal was again stronger than that of gun ginger, and there was also a significant difference when comparing the two [1]. Both gunner's ginger and ginger charcoal shortened the coagulation time in mice, and the aqueous decoction of ginger charcoal was superior to gunner's ginger, as well as to its own ether extract [1]. Neither ginger nor dried ginger aqueous decoction shortened the coagulation time [1].
(3) Toxicity: acute toxicity test in mice showed that the gastric toxicity of the water decoction of gunner's ginger increased compared with that of dried ginger, suggesting that there may be some changes in the water-soluble toxic constituents of dried ginger after heated concoction[1].
10 The storage method of gingerstorage dry containers, sealed, placed in a ventilated dry place [1].
11 Pharmacopoeia standard of Zingiber officinale 11.1 NameZingiber officinale
Paojiang
ZINGIBERIS RHIZOMA PRAEPARATUM
11.2 SourceThis product is the shelled processed product of dried ginger.
11.3 MethodTake dried ginger, according to the hot method (Appendix II D) with sand until bulging, brown surface.
11.4 PropertiesThe product is irregularly swollen block, with finger-like branches. Surface brownish black or brown. The texture is light bubble, section at the edge of the brown-black, brown-yellow center, fine granularity, vascular bundles scattered. Aromatic, peculiar, slightly pungent and spicy flavor.
11.5 Identification(1) The powder is brownish brown. Starch granules are numerous, oblong-ovoid, triangular-ovoid, ellipsoid, orbicular or irregular, 5-40 μm in diameter, umbilical dots dotted, located at the smaller end, there are also fissure-like, laminar pattern of some obvious. Occasionally, clumps of pasty starch grains are seen. Oil cells and resin cells are scattered in the thin-walled tissue, containing yellowish droplets or dark reddish-brown substances. Fibers are cambium or scattered, apex obtuse, a few forked, some are undulate or serrated on one side, 15-40μm in diameter, slightly thicker walled, philippicolous, with oblique fine-grained pores, and thin transverse septa are often seen. Trapezoidal ducts, threaded ducts and reticulated ducts are common, and a few are annular ducts, with diameters of 15～70 μm. tubular cells containing dark reddish-brown substances can sometimes be seen next to the ducts or fibers, with diameters of 12～20 μm.
(2) Take 2g of the powder of this product, add 20 ml of ethyl acetate, ultrasonicate for 10 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as a solution of the test material. Another take 6 a gingersenin control, add ethyl acetate to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml, as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VIB) test, absorb the above two solutions of 6μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with petroleum ether (60 ~ 90 ℃) a trichloromethane ethyl acetate (2:1:1) as the unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, dry, sprayed with vanillin sulfuric acid reagent, in the ．105 ℃ heated until the spots show color clearly. In the chromatogram of the test product, in the corresponding position with the control chromatogram, the same color spots.
11.6 Check 11.6.1 MoistureNot more than 12.0% (Appendix IXH second method).
11.6.2 Total ashnot more than 7.0% (Appendix IXK).
11.7 LeachateAccording to the water-soluble leachate determination method (Appendix X A) under the hot leaching method, not less than 26.0%.
11.8 Determination of contentDetermined by high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix VI D).
11.8.1 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability testOctadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as filler; acetonitrile, methanol and water (40:5:55) as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 280 nm. the theoretical number of plates calculated according to the peaks of 6 a gingersenin should be not less than 5000.
11.8.2 Preparation of the control solutionTake the control of 6 a ginger a gingersenin appropriate amount. Precision weighing, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml, i.e., obtained.
11.8.3 Preparation of test solutionTake the product powder (sieve No. 3) about 0.25g, weighing, placed in a stoppered conical flask, add 50% methanol 20ml, weighing, ultrasonic treatment (power 100W, frequency 40kHz) for 30 minutes, cooled, and then weigh, 50% methanol to make up for the loss of weight, shaking, filtration, take the filtrate, that is, the product is obtained. That is obtained.
11.8.4 DeterminationPrecisely absorb 8μl of the control solution and 20μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, measurement, that is, obtained.
This product is calculated according to the dry product, containing 6 a curcumin (C17H2604) should not be less than 0.30%.
11.9 Sexual flavor and attributionPungent, hot. Attributed to the spleen, stomach and kidney meridians.
11.10 Functions and IndicationsWarming menstruation to stop bleeding, warming the middle and relieving pain. It is used in treating blood loss due to Yang deficiency, epistaxis and leakage, cold spleen and stomach, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
11.11 Usage and Dosage3~9g.
11.12 StorageSame as Dried Ginger.
11.13 Origin