Hua Tuo (from the first year of Yongjia in the Eastern Han Dynasty to the thirteenth year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, 145-208 AD), had a given name and a characterized character. A woodcutter from Peiguo (now Bozhou, Anhui), he was a famous Chinese medicine practitioner in the Eastern Han Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, three outstanding medical scientists were born in China, known as the "Three Miracle Doctors of Jian'an" in history. Among them, Dong Feng lived in seclusion in Mount Lu and left behind a well-known story about the apricot forest; Zhang Zhongjing wrote "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" with rigorous theories and methods, and was hailed as the "Sage of Medicine" by later generations; while Hua Tuo went deep into the folk and traveled all over the Central Plains and Jianghuai River. Pingyuan has created many medical miracles in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, and pediatrics, and is especially famous for its Chuangma Fei San (clinical anesthetic) and laparotomy. Later generations praised doctors as "Hua Tuo's reincarnation" and "Yuanhua's rebirth", which shows his far-reaching influence.

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Hua Tuo

Hua Tuo was born in an ordinary gentry family in Peiguoqiao County, Yuzhou (now Bozhou, Anhui) in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was born in about the first year of Yongjia, Emperor Chong of Han Dynasty (Yiyou, 145 AD), and died in the 13th year of Jian'an, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (Wuzi, 208 AD). The Hua family was originally a prominent family, and one of its descendants settled in a small Huazhuang with beautiful scenery more than ten miles north of Qiao County. By the time Hua Tuo arrived, the family had declined, but the family placed great expectations on Hua Tuo. Judging from its name and characters, the name "Tuo" means load, and "Yuanhua" means education. Hua Tuo studied hard since childhood and recited ancient books such as "Book of Songs", "Book of Songs", "Book of Changes", "Book of Rites", "Spring and Autumn Annals", etc., and gradually developed a high level of cultural literacy. When Hua Tuo was growing up, in addition to being influenced by the culture of the Central Plains, his hometown, which was rich in medicinal materials, also had a lot of influence on him. Qiao County produces a variety of medicinal materials, such as "Hao Shao" and "Hao Ju", which have long been famous throughout the world. In addition, land and water transportation is relatively developed, so Qiao County has been a distribution center for medicinal materials since ancient times. To this day, Chinese herbal medicine warehouses can be found everywhere on the thoroughfares of Bozhou. While Hua Tuo was studying classics and history when he was young, he also paid attention to medicine. Local elders said that he had studied and cultivated his character and learned medicine in the Nitidian area. In feudal society, most scholars took pride in serving as officials. Hua Tuo, on the other hand, chose a completely different path in life. He devoted his life to medicine and was determined to do so. When he was a teenager, at the time of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, his relatives and eunuchs alternated in power, and the government was not upright. He acted in private affairs, sold his official positions, and bribed the public. He raped the people's bones and sucked out their marrow, frantically extracting them, and the people fell into deep suffering. Hua Tuo witnessed the corruption of officialdom and the suffering of the people, and decided to give up his official career and use medicine to help the world. At that time, some knowledgeable people in the court appreciated Hua Tuo's character and knowledge. Taiwei Huang Wan wanted to recruit him as an official, but Hua Tuo declined. Prime Minister Pei also recommended Hua Tuo as Xiaolian, for which he I also politely declined. This fully demonstrates Hua Tuo's firm ambition and noble moral character. Hua Tuo

Hua Tuo practiced medicine without a teacher. He mainly studied the medical classics of previous generations and continued to study and make progress in practice. At that time, Chinese medicine had achieved certain achievements. Medical classics such as "The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic", "The Eighty-one Difficulties of the Yellow Emperor", and "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" were published one after another. Diagnosis and treatment methods such as drugs have been basically established and widely used. However, ancient doctors, such as Bian Que during the Warring States Period, Cang Gong in the Western Han Dynasty, Fu Weng and Cheng Gao in the Eastern Han Dynasty, left behind the legacy of those who did not seek glory, wealth and honor, but devoted their lives to medicine to help the world. Touching deeds, all these not only provided the possibility for Hua Tuo to study medicine intensively, but also cultivated his sentiment. Hua Tuo

In Hua Tuo's many years of medical practice, he is very good at distinguishing different illnesses and disease locations of the organs and treating them accordingly. One day, two military officials suffered from fever and headache. The symptoms were the same. However, Hua Tuo's prescription was very different. One used diaphoretic medicine and the other used laxative medicine. They were both surprised, but they both recovered after taking the medicine. . It turned out that after Warren's diagnosis and examination, he found out that one was an external syndrome, which could be solved by sweating method; the other was an internal heat syndrome, which was difficult to treat without diarrhea. Another governor, You Dun, felt that he had recovered from his illness after seeking medical treatment. However, when he checked his pulse at Huatuo Meridian, he warned: "Although your illness has recovered, your vitality has not recovered. You should rest and wait for complete recovery. Do not have sex, otherwise, you will die." Concern." At that time, Dun's wife heard that her husband had recovered from his illness, so she came from a hundred miles away to visit him.

That night, Dun failed to abstain from sexual intercourse and fell ill and died three days later. Another patient, Xu, was bedridden due to illness. Hua Tuo went to visit him. Xu said: "Since I asked the doctor to puncture the gastric tube yesterday, I have been coughing non-stop. I am upset and can't sleep peacefully." After the examination, Hua Tuo said: "That's wrong. , the acupuncture did not reach the stomach tube and accidentally hit the liver. If he eats less and less in the future, he may die after five days." A certain county governor was suffering from a difficult disease that could not be treated by a hundred treatments. His son came to Hua Tuo to explain his illness and beg for treatment. Hua Tuo came to the patient's room. During the interrogation, he spoke rudely and had an arrogant attitude. He asked for a huge reward, but left without treatment and left a letter of abuse. The county governor had been holding back for a long time, but now he was furious and sent people to hunt him down, but there was no trace of him. In anger, he vomited several liters of black blood and recovered from his serious illness. It turns out that this is a kind of psychological therapy used by Hua Tuo, which uses emotional activities such as happiness, anger, worry, and thoughts to regulate the body and cure his illness. Hua Tuo

Hua Tuo attaches great importance to folk treatment experience and often absorbs and refines it to treat some common diseases. At that time, jaundice was widely spread. He spent three years conducting repeated tests on the efficacy of Artemisia wormwood and decided to use the young leaves of Artemisia wormwood in spring and March to treat it. He cured many patients. Therefore, a folk song spreads: "March wormwood and April wormwood, please remember it in future generations. March wormwood can cure diseases, and May and June can be used as firewood." Hua Tuo also used hot compresses with warm soup to treat scorpion stings, made an ointment with moss to treat swelling and pain after wasp stings, used garlic and vinegar to treat insect diseases, used perilla to treat poisoning of fish-eating crabs, used Baiqian to treat coughs, and used Polygonatum odorata to treat poisoning. Replenish fatigue. And so on, it is simple and easy to do, and the results are quick. After middle age, Warren "study in Xu" due to the turmoil in the Central Plains. Xuzhou is an important place in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. It has six counties and six states, and has jurisdiction over 62 cities and towns with a population of more than 2 million. Its capital is Pengcheng (today's Xuzhou, Jiangsu). According to folklore, he lived in Peiguo (now Peixian County, Jiangsu Province) near Pengcheng. In fact, Hua Tuo's medical practice spread all over Xuzhou, Yuzhou, Qingzhou, and Yanzhou at that time. According to the research on the place names in his medical records, it is roughly centered on Pengcheng, starting from Ganling (now Linqing, Shandong) and Yandu (now Yancheng, Jiangsu) in the east, to Chaoge (now Qixian, Henan) in the west, and to Guangling in the south. (today's Yangzhou, Jiangsu), southwest to Qiao County (today's Bozhou, Anhui), that is, the vast area of ??today's Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and other provinces, covering hundreds of square kilometers. While practicing medicine, he also visited Chaoge, Peiguo, Fengxian County (now Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province), Pengcheng Woniushan, Lunan Mountain Area and Weishan Lake in order to collect medicines. Due to his extensive travels and deep penetration among the people, Hua Tuo became a medical doctor with many folklores in Chinese history. Hua Tuo

In this way, after decades of medical practice, Hua Tuo's medical skills have reached the level of proficiency. He has mastered the treatment methods such as health maintenance, prescriptions, acupuncture and surgery. He is proficient in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics. He is known as the "miracle doctor" for his clinical treatment, accurate diagnosis, simple methods and rapid curative effect. Regarding this, there is a similar comment in "Three Kingdoms" and "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", saying that he was good at keeping in good health (he knew the art of nourishing one's nature, and people at that time thought that a hundred years old would make one look magnificent), and he was good at using medicine (and he was also good at using prescriptions). , its treatment of diseases can only be a few kinds of decoctions, the heart can be divided into doses, no need to weigh, boil it and drink it, talk about its temperament, it will heal if you give it up), acupuncture is simple (if it is used as a needle, it can only be used in one or two places) , under the needle, he said, 'If something comes, let him know.' The patient said, 'He has arrived,' and 'The needle should be pulled out, and the disease will also go wrong.' Intestinal drip washing). Among the medical records left behind, there are sixteen in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, five in the Biography of Hua Tuo, five in other documents, and twenty-six in total, which are more among doctors in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. Judging from the scope of treatment, internal medicine diseases include febrile and venereal diseases, visceral diseases, mental illness, obesity, and parasitic diseases. Diseases belonging to external, pediatric, and gynecological diseases include trauma, intestinal carbuncle, tumors, fractures, acupuncture errors, lactation avoidance, stillbirth, Diarrhea in children, etc.