The Folk Tales of Dragon Boat Festival
Legend 1 of the Dragon Boat Festival: the theory of driving away the evil day on the poisonous moon
In the pre-Qin era, it was generally believed that May was a poisonous month and the fifth was an evil day. A midsummer in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals stipulates that people should abstain from sex and fast in May.
Meng Changjun, a world-famous man recorded in Historical Records and Biography of Meng Changjun, was born on May 5th. His father asked his wife not to give birth to him, thinking that the child would endanger his parents. Throughout history, there are many such incidents.
Wang Zhene, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born on the fifth day of May, and his grandfather named him "Zhen Evil". Zhao Ji, Song Huizong, was born on the fifth day of May, and was placed in foster care outside the palace since childhood. It can be seen that it is a common phenomenon to regard the fifth day of May as an evil day in ancient times.
Since the pre-Qin period, this day has been regarded as an unlucky day. In order to avoid bad luck, people often insert calamus and mugwort leaves on this day to exorcise ghosts, smoke Atractylodes rhizome, angelica dahurica and drink realgar wine.
Legend 2 of Dragon Boat Festival: In memory of Cao E, the filial daughter of the Eastern Han Dynasty
In Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Cao E, the filial daughter of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who saved her father from drowning in the river. Legend has it that Cao E was a native of Shangyu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Her father drowned in the river and didn't see her body for several days. At that time, Cao E, the youngest daughter, was only 14 years old, and she cried along the river day and night to find her father. After 17 days, on May 5th, she also died by throwing herself into the river. Five days later, her father's body was taken out of the river, which became a myth. According to historical records, since the Song Dynasty, emperors have praised Cao E's great events.
The tomb of Cao E, a dutiful daughter, was in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province today, and later Cao E tablet was written by Jin Wangyi. Later, in order to commemorate Cao E's filial piety, Cao E Temple was built in the place where Cao E threw himself into the river. The village where she lived was renamed Cao E Town, and the place where Cao E died was named Cao E River.
Legend 3 of Dragon Boat Festival: In memory of poetess Qiu Jin
Qiu Jin, a poetess, was an advocate of China's thoughts on women's rights and women's studies, and the first revolutionary pioneer who died to overthrow thousands of years of feudal rule. She is a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. She was good at poetry, lyrics, songs and poems in her childhood, and she likes riding and fencing. She is known as "Mulan and Qin Liangyu are alive". At the age of 28, he joined the revolution, which had a great influence. He was arrested by the Qing soldiers during the premeditated uprising and died bravely in Xuanhengkou, Shaoxing on June 5, Guangxu thirty-three years. In order to admire her poems and mourn her loyalty and courage, later generations merged with the Poets' Day to commemorate her, and the Poets' Day was designated as the Dragon Boat Festival in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.
Legend 4 of Dragon Boat Festival: Summer Solstice Theory
Liu Deqian, deputy director and senior researcher of the Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the earliest origin of the Dragon Boat Festival comes from the summer solstice theory. He said in The Origin of Dragon Boat Festival and Anecdotes of China that the authoritative book The Story of the Age of Jingchu did not mention the festival custom of eating zongzi on the fifth day of May, but wrote it in the Summer Solstice Festival. The activities of "stepping on a hundred herbs", "fighting a hundred herbs" and "collecting miscellaneous medicines" in the custom of Dragon Boat Festival have nothing to do with Qu Yuan.
In addition, the first explanation of the Dragon Boat Festival in "Hua Ji Li" is: "The sun is shining, and the Dragon Boat Festival is in the middle of summer, so the Dragon Boat Festival can also be called the Mid-Day Festival." Therefore, the earliest origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is the summer solstice.
Legend 5 of Dragon Boat Festival: The Theory of wuyue National Totem Sacrifice
This statement comes from the "Dragon Boat Festival Examination" and "Dragon Boat Festival History" written by poet and scholar Wen Yiduo. Wen Yiduo believed that the fifth day of May was the day when the "Dragon" tribes in ancient wuyue held totem sacrifices. Because the two most important activities of the Dragon Boat Festival, eating zongzi and racing, are all related to dragons. Zongzi is often stolen by mosquitoes and dragons when it is thrown into the water, while dragon boats are used in the race. Moreover, people in ancient wuyue also had the custom of having their hair tattooed "to look like a dragon". In addition, the ancient folk custom of "tying arms with colorful silk" was used on the fifth day of May, which Wen Yiduo thought should be a relic of the tattoo custom of "like a dragon".
Wen Yiduo has deep research on ancient myths and legends. In his works "History Education of the Dragon Boat Festival" and "Dragon Boat Festival Examination", the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival was verified. He pointed out that the Dragon Boat Festival was originally held by a dragon totem group of wuyue ethnic minority in ancient China, and it has a history of at least four or five thousand years. At that time, wuyue people living in the south of the Yangtze River were constantly threatened by floods, droughts, plagues and pests, so they took "dragon" as their totem, hoping that "dragon can protect itself" and "cut off their tattoos" to decorate themselves as Jackie Chan.
On May 5th, the summer harvest season, they hold a grand totem festival. They put all kinds of food in bamboo tubes, or wrap them in leaves and put them in water, offering them to totem gods and eating them themselves. In order to please the totem god, dragon-shaped wooden boats were also made to compete on the water and beat drums to respect and entertain God.
The moral of colorful rope
It is an important custom of Dragon Boat Festival to tie colorful ropes for children, which has a beautiful meaning of praying for Naji. Dragon Boat Festival is made of colorful silk threads and hung around children's necks to ward off evil spirits, which is called "Long Life Cord". Also known as "life-sustaining thread", "avoiding soldiers", "five-color silk" and "long life line". In ancient times, May was regarded as an evil month, and diseases were easy to spread because of its hot weather. Since the Han Dynasty, that is, around the fifth day of this month, colored silk thread was tied to the arm, which means that it can protect peace and health, and it also means that it can avoid the disaster of swords and soldiers, so it is called. Wearing colorful threads on the Dragon Boat Festival is very particular. Multicolored threads are woven with silk threads of five colors.
The origin of multicolored rope
Five-color silk thread originated from the concept of five elements in ancient China, or it was the tattoo custom of ancient Vietnamese in the south in ancient times. Dragon Boat Festival is a colorful line, which is an ancient custom. Multicolored thread is the mascot and ornament of Dragon Boat Festival, which has the function of exorcising evil spirits and the beautiful meaning of praying for Naji. In the midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, dragons are flying in the sky, and all evils are avoided. Midday is an auspicious day for evil spirits, which leads to a series of customs to ward off evil spirits. Among them, tying the arms with five-color silk thread is one of the customs to ward off evil spirits in the Dragon Boat Festival.
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