Main producing areas of gastrodia elata
Gastrodia elata is mainly distributed in Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Taiwan Province, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet. Nepal, Bhutan, India, Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Siberia are also distributed. The type specimens were collected from East Asia.
Propagation method of gastrodia elata
Gastrodia elata is mainly propagated by tubers, or by seeds. However, its seeds have no endosperm and embryos are undifferentiated, so it can not provide nutrition for germination. Under natural conditions, besides the conditions required by ordinary green plants, seeds germinate with fungi.
1, tuber propagation: planted in winter or spring. Gastrodia elata planted in winter has high inoculation rate and fast growth, and the time is 1 1 month. Spring is planted in March-April. Cultivate the fungus bed before planting. Tree species suitable for the growth of Armillaria mellea are commonly used, such as Cyclobalanopsis glabra, Quercus quercus, Quercus variabilis, Castanea mollissima, etc., with thick bark, hard wood and strong corrosion resistance as the best. Saw the selected wood into sticks 40-50 cm long, and cut the bark into fish scales. In the selected plot, 2-3 months before planting, dig pits with a depth of 25-30 cm, a width of 60 cm and a length depending on the terrain. Loosen the soil at the bottom of the cellar, spread a layer of dry leaves or humus soil, place the treated new wood sticks with Armillaria mellea (commonly known as fungus) at intervals of 1 layer, the distance between two adjacent sticks is 6-7 cm, and some branches of broad-leaved trees can be sandwiched in the middle, and fill the gap with humus soil to prevent mixed bacteria pollution, and then cover the soil for 3-4 cm. Place the second floor in the same way, and cover it with soil10cm. Keep the cellar moist, cover it with weeds to shade, cool and moisturize, so that Armillaria mellea can grow normally, that is, form a bacterial bed. Tubers without disease spots, freezing injury and rot are selected as seed plants, and the sizes are separated and cultivated separately. When planting, put the seed hemp in parallel in the ditch between the fungus sticks, close to the fungus sticks, fill the gap with humus soil, and then cover it with 3 cm, so as not to see the bottom fungus material. Plant the second layer in the same way, and finally cover it with10-15cm, cover it with a layer of leaf weeds to keep the soil moist, and thicken the covering layer during wintering to prevent freezing injury. If artificial bacterial beds and plastic bags are used for cultivation, the seed hemp used is white hemp and rice hemp, and the cultivation time can be carried out from 1 1 month to April of the following year due to artificial temperature control.
2. Seed propagation: Select gastrodia elata with a weight of more than100g, plant it as it is harvested, prevent sunlight when heading, and conduct artificial pollination when flowering. Pollination time can be about sunny day 10, and it will be carried out when the edge of the medicine cap is slightly flowered. After pollination, the ear is covered with plastic bags, and when a small amount of seeds are scattered from the lower fruit, they are harvested from bottom to top as they ripen. Due to the short life span of gastrodia elata seeds, the harvested capsules should be sown in time. When sowing, take out the upper layer of the fungus bed, remove the soil from the lower layer, spread the withered and wet leaves on the lower layer, flatten them slightly, spread the seeds evenly on the leaves, cover them with a thin layer of wet leaves, sow the second layer of seeds, cover them with 3 cm of soil, cover them with a layer of wet leaves, put them in the soil layer, and finally cover them with soil10-/kloc. For example, 8-10 capsules can be sown per cellar10, and each capsule has about 30,000 seeds. If planted properly, a part of arrowroot, white hemp, seed hemp and a large number of rice hemp can be received in the next autumn, which can be used as a seed planting for tuber propagation.
Planting techniques of gastrodia elata.
1, Breeding Miao Di: Choose loam or sandy loam with good moisture, air permeability and water permeability, which is loose and rich in humus, dig holes with a depth of 35cm and a width of 85cm for cultivation. When choosing land, it is better to choose raw wasteland. The soil pH is 5-6. Avoid clay and waterlogged land, and avoid continuous cropping. In addition, gastrodia elata can be planted in bomb shelters, caves, basements and other places.
2. Cultivation of fungus bed: Before planting Gastrodia elata, the fungus material or fungus bed of Armillaria mellea should be cultivated. Generally, broad-leaved trees can be used as materials for cultivating Armillaria mellea, but Quercus, Castanea mollissima, Quercus variabilis and other tree species are better.
3. Seed treatment
(1) Seed selection: select gastrodia elata, which was dug up that year, to remove commercial hemp, select all hemp seeds and then screen them, and remove inferior hemp seeds such as rotten hemp and deformed hemp. Finally, it is determined that gastrodia elata, which is quite strong, neat in appearance, big in size, good in color and non-invasive, will be used as hemp seeds for the next year.
② Seed dressing: seed dressing with new high-fat film 10-50 times solution to prevent disease invasion. Dig the bottom of the pit, level it, spread a layer of broad-leaved leaves and humus soil, and then put the prepared wood evenly at the bottom of the pit with a distance of 6-8 cm, and put 6-8 pieces of wood in each nest. When planting, put Armillaria mellea branches close to the fish scales on both sides of the wood, and then put gastrodia elata seeds on the fungus branches and the wood, so as to quickly establish a nutritional relationship between them. After that, the remaining Armillaria species were divided into soybean-sized particles and evenly scattered among the wood. Then fill it with humus soil or fine sand, and compact it gently, leaving no gap. If there are many seeds, strains and branches, you can cultivate another layer on top of the first layer. The method is the same as above. However, note that the upper and lower timber are in the shape of a well. Finally, cover it with fine soil 15 cm or so, and cover the litter to form a turtle's back, which is slightly higher than the ground to facilitate drainage.
4. Post-planting management: Gastrodia elata doesn't need to be fertilized after planting, and it doesn't need to loosen soil and weed, so as to keep it wild. The soil moisture content should be kept at about 40% and the ground temperature 15-28 degrees. Spraying Gendaling solution on the leaf surface during the rhizome swelling period can promote the transportation of photosynthetic products (nutrients) on the leaf surface to the root system, improve the nutrient conversion rate and soil loosening ability, make the rhizome swell rapidly, and greatly improve the content of effective substances. In summer and high temperature season, sunshade nets or branches should be used to shade and cool down to prevent people and livestock from trampling. In case of drought, you can water it properly. At the same time, pay attention to prevent water accumulation in rainy season. Before wintering, the soil should be thickened and covered with leaves to prevent freezing; During the high temperature period from June to August, a shed should be set up or intercropped with tall crops for shade. Before the rainy season comes, the drainage ditch should be cleaned and the accumulated water should be removed in time to prevent tuber rot. In spring and autumn, you should receive necessary sunlight to keep a certain temperature.
5. Harvesting and processing: generally, it is excavated in spring and autumn 10- 1 1 month. After digging, wash the sediment and the funiculus on the surface of Gastrodia elata with rice washing water, and then steam in a steamer for 10-25 minutes, depending on the size of Gastrodia elata. Steamed and directly dried or dried, pay attention to prevent mildew in rainy days.
Efficacy and function of gastrodia elata
Gastrodia elata is sweet in nature, mild in taste, and enters the liver meridian. It has the effects of calming wind, calming convulsion, treating dizziness, blackness of eyes, headache due to head wind, numbness of limbs, hemiplegia, unsmooth speech, infantile convulsion, epilepsy and wind movement.
1, analgesic effect: Gastrodia elata injection prepared from Gastrodia elata has obvious analgesic effect on trigeminal neuralgia, angioneurotic headache, cerebrovascular headache, toxic polyneuritis, etc. In recent years, the clinical trials in some medical units 1000 patients show that the effective rate is 90%.
2. Sedative effect: Some medical units use synthetic gastrodin to treat neurasthenia and neurasthenia syndrome, and the effective rates are 89.44% and 86.87% respectively. It can also inhibit the central excitation caused by caffeine and enhance the sleep time effect of pentobarbital sodium.
3, anticonvulsant effect: Gastrodia elata has a certain curative effect on facial nerve convulsion, limb numbness, hemiplegia, epilepsy and so on. It can also relieve smooth muscle spasm, angina pectoris and biliary colic.
4, lowering blood pressure: Gastrodia elata can treat hypertension. Long-term administration can calm the liver and replenish qi, strengthen the waist and knees, strengthen the bones and muscles, increase the blood flow of the peripheral and coronary arteries, and protect the heart.
5, eyesight, intelligence: Gastrodia elata still has the effect of eyesight and significantly enhancing memory. Gastrodia elata has obvious protective and regulatory effects on human brain nervous system and can enhance the resolution of optic nerve. At present, it has been used as brain health food or brain health medicine for high-altitude pilots. Gastrodia elata injection was used to treat Alzheimer's disease in Japan, and the effective rate was 8 1%.