(1) seedling techniques:
① Selection of frog species: select frog species with strong body, no disability and no disease as seeds. Usually, the female frog is bigger than the male frog, and the external sound sacs on both sides of the neck will swell when the male frog croakes.
(2) Breeding frog: The breeding frog breeds in September ~ 10 ~ 12/m2, and the male-female ratio is 1: 1. After hibernating in the breeding frog pond, breeding frogs will start to lay eggs in pairs around Tomb-Sweeping Day next year.
(3) Hugging and spawning: When the average temperature reaches 16 ~ 20℃, frogs will spawn after 3 ~ 4 days, and the spawning time is usually 5 ~ 6 am and noon1~1.
(4) Harvest of egg pieces: After the collected frog fertilized eggs are hatched in the ring ditch of the sterilized culture pond, the darker side of the egg pieces is the animal pole, which must face upwards, and the whiter side is the plant pole, which must face downwards.
(2) Tadpole culture technology:
(1) After tadpoles are hatched, they are cultured in the original incubator or cage, and 600-800 tadpoles are raised per square meter of water surface. Generally, I don't eat anything for the first 4 ~ 5 days, and I mainly feed on my own yolk sac. On the fourth day, after the yolk sac disappeared, artificial feeding began.
② From the fifth day after tadpoles hatch, they are fed with livestock food such as soybean milk, wheat bran, bean curd residue, or rice bran, fish meal, etc. The livestock food is placed on the bait table, and the powdery bait is mixed with water and poured out.
(3) After 20-30 days of incubation, tadpoles will gradually take red worms, water fleas and fly maggots as their staple foods, or take soybean milk, bean dregs, bean cake powder and Chlorella as their staple foods. Feeding a certain amount of fish meal can promote their growth.
(4) When breeding tadpoles, if bubbles are found in the pool water or the water quality smells bad, fresh water should be replaced immediately, usually once every three days, and once every two days when the weather is dry for many days and the temperature continues to be high.
⑤ Tadpoles become young frogs about 70 days after hatching. From forelimbs to complete metamorphosis, absorb tail energy. When more than 90% tadpoles become young frogs, they can be moved into the young frog pond for feeding.
(3) Young frog breeding technology:
① Consolidation and domestication: Young frogs are raised at a high density of 0/00 ~150 per square meter. They are kept in a cement pond with smooth inner wall and height exceeding 1 m. The water in the pond is about 20 cm deep, and there is a bait table on the water. There is no land in the pond, forcing the young frogs to go on stage to concentrate on foraging and perching.
② Bait domestication: Young frogs were fed with fresh bait for 65,438+0 ~ 2 days, and 20% artificial livestock food was added to the bait on the third day, and then the proportion was increased day by day, and finally they were completely fed with artificial bait. At the same time, the feeding time, quantity and place are required.
③ Feeding time: The feeding time of young frogs in spring and autumn is around noon, and in summer it is in the evening or morning, 1 ~ 2 times a day. The feed intake below 50g accounts for 6-8% of body weight, and the feed intake above 100g accounts for 8-10% of body weight.
(4) Graded breeding: after 20-30 days of domestication, the water in the pond is released, large-scale young frogs are transferred to adult frog ponds for breeding according to the density of 60-80 frogs per square meter, and small-scale young frogs are kept in the original pond for domestication. Graded farming is beneficial to improve the economic benefits of frog farming.
(4) Adult frog culture technology:
(1) Feed supply: After the young frogs are transferred to the adult frog pond, they eat a lot and grow faster. In order to form an important period of commodity production, it is most critical to supply sufficient feed, mainly live bait with high protein and high reproduction rate, such as artificially cultured fly maggots, earthworms and Tenebrio molitor.
② Feeding Earthworms: When adult frogs are fed, they can be fed on the mound. As long as some lime water with a concentration of 3 ~ 5% is sprinkled on the mound in pieces every evening, earthworms will go to their nests as bait for frogs and feed them some compound feed at the same time.
(3) Separate feeding and marketing: adult frogs should be separated in time and the feeding density should be adjusted. After 1 month, when the weight of frogs reaches100g, the feeding density is 30 frogs per square meter. Two months later, it was changed to 10 ~ 15 frogs per square meter, and then it became a commercial frog after short-term cultivation.
Matters needing attention in site construction:
(1) breeding frog pond: the area of the breeding frog pond is generally 4 ~ 10 m2, the pond height is 0.8m, the water depth in the pond is 0.1~ 0./5m, and the land-water area ratio in the pond is 3∶ 1. There are caves to live in, and the pond bottom is paved.
(2) Incubator: Incubator covers an area of 1 m2, with a height of 0.5m and a water depth of 15 ~ 20cm. The water quality is fresh, the pH value is 6 ~ 8, and the oxygen is sufficient. You can also change it into an oval washbasin.
(3) Tadpole pond: Tadpole pond covers an area of 3-8 square meters, with a height of 0.8m, a water depth of 3 3- 10/0cm, a pH of 6-7, and a land-water ratio of 2: 1, so it is necessary to raise a batch of tadpoles with the same specifications in each pond.
(4) Young frog pond: The area of young frog pond is 4-6 square meters, the pond height is 0.8m, the water depth is generally10-15cm, and the land-water ratio is 2: 1. The pond is paved with cobblestones of 3-5cm, with caves. The water quality is good, and the pH value is 6-7.5.
Expand knowledge about frogs;
Overview:
Frogs are amphibians, belonging to Chordata, Amphibia, Anura and Ranidae. Its adult has no tail. Its eggs are laid in water, fertilized in vitro, hatched into tadpoles, and breathed through gills. After the mutation, adults mainly breathe through the lungs and skin.
Most frogs reproduce by in vitro fertilization, and fertilized eggs hatch outside the mother's body into tadpoles. Only 10 to 12 frog species in the world have evolved into in vivo fertilization, and some of them will expel fertilized eggs and hatch into tadpoles. But in zoology, the frog refers to the black-spotted lateral fold frog. Frogs have always been regarded as egg-laying animals, but scientists have found that a frog living in the rainforest of Sulawesi Island in Indonesia can give birth to tadpoles. This frog is the only frog that can "drop tadpoles" among more than 6,000 kinds of frogs in the world.
Frogs are slim and good at swimming. The neck is not obvious, and there are no ribs. The ulna and radius of the forelimb healed, the tibia and fibula of the hind limb healed, the claws could not rotate flexibly, but the limbs were muscular. The most primitive frogs began to evolve in the early Triassic. The earliest frog with jumping action appeared in Jurassic. Because frogs feed on insects and other invertebrates, they must live by the water. There are about 130 species of frogs in China, and almost all of them are experts in exterminating forest and farmland pests.
Morphological characteristics:
Frog body can be divided into three parts: head, trunk and limbs. Frog has four toes on its front foot, five toes on its back foot and webbed feet. There are two slightly bulging bags on both sides of frog's head. That's its eardrum. Frogs can hear sounds through it. Frog's back is green, smooth and soft, with patterns, and its abdomen is white. You can hide it in the grass, which makes it easier to catch pests and protect yourself. Its skin can also help it breathe. Its airbag is only available to male frogs. Frogs hunt with their tongues, which contain mucus.
(1) header
Frog's head is flat, slightly triangular and its snout is slightly sharp. The mouth is wide and horizontal, and consists of upper and lower jaws. There are 1 external nostril at the front end of the dorsal maxilla, and there are alars at the outer edge of the external nostril. Eyes are large and prominent, born on the left and right sides of the head, with upper and lower eyelids; There is a translucent transient membrane on the inner side of the lower eyelid. What happens to the position of the eyeball when the eyelids are closed? There is a round eardrum behind each eye (toad's eardrum is smaller. There are 1 pairs of oval protrusions on the back and upper part of the eye and tympanic membrane, which are called retroauricular glands. The male frog has a layer of light brown membrane pleats on the inside and back of the corner of his mouth, which is a sound bag and will swell into a bubble when singing.
(2) trunk
Behind the eardrum is the trunk. The frog's trunk is short and wide, and there is a small hole between the legs at the back end of the trunk, which is a cloacal hole.
(3) limbs
The forelimb is short and consists of five parts: upper arm, forearm, wrist, palm and fingers. Four fingers, no webbed fingers In the breeding season, the male frog has an enlarged protuberance on the inside of the root of the first finger, which is called a marriage tumor and is used to hold the right. The hind limbs are long and developed, which are divided into five parts: thigh, tibia, tarsal bone, metatarsal bone and toe. 5 toes, webbed between toes. There is a hard keratinization distance on the inside of the first toe.
Habitat:
Because the naked skin can't effectively prevent the evaporation of water in the body, they can't live without boiling water or humid environment, and they are afraid of drought and cold. Therefore, most of them live in tropical and temperate rainy areas, and there are very few species distributed in cold zones.
When I was a child, I could only live in water. When I grow up, I can live on land. Frogs breathe with their lungs, but they can also draw oxygen from the air through wet skin. Various pigment cells in its skin will also expand or contract with the change of humidity and temperature, thus changing the depth of skin color. Frogs usually inhabit rice fields, ponds, ditches or grass by the river, sometimes they lurk in the water and usually hunt at night.
Living habits:
Frogs often inhabit rivers, ponds and rice fields, mainly in the grass near the water, and sometimes they can dive into the water. Mostly at night, mainly eating insects, but also eating some snails, snails, shrimps, small fish and so on. Most of the insects they eat are agricultural pests. It is estimated that a frog can prey on 70 insects a day and kill15,000 pests a year. So frogs are good for agriculture and should be protected. When it gets cold in late autumn, frogs hibernate at the bottom of the water or in caves, and then return to the water to breed when the weather gets warmer the next spring. During the breeding season, many male frogs often gather in the same area and sing loudly and continuously. This is the so-called frog quarrel pit. In fact, this is a courtship behavior of male frogs, which attracts the opposite sex by singing and forms a spouse. After mating, the female frog begins to ovulate in the water, with about 3000-6000 eggs at a time. At the same time, the male frog excretes sperm into the water. Sperm and egg cells combine in water to form fertilized eggs, which develop into tadpoles after 4-5 days of incubation. Tadpoles must live in water, swim with their tails, breathe with their gills and eat plant foods such as diatoms and green algae. After two months of development, tadpoles turned into young frogs, their tails gradually disappeared, their body length was greatly shortened, they began to live on land, and their feeding habits began to change to animal food. It takes about three years from young frog to sexual maturity.