How to measure a person's health with nails is not idealistic. A person must be well nourished in order for his nails to grow normally, otherwise there will be some abnormal phenomena, which doctors can often use to diagnose important diseases. Here are some abnormal phenomena of nails:1.clubbed expansion: the nails are obviously arched upwards and curved around the fingers. A clubbed nail may indicate emphysema, tuberculosis, cardiovascular disease, ulcerative colitis or cirrhosis. 2. Blue Crescent: If there is a layer of blue halo on the crescent-shaped white mark at the root of the nail, it means that there may be any of the following diseases: blocked blood circulation, heart disease, Raynaud's sign, vasospasm of fingers and toes, usually due to freezing. But sometimes it is also related to rheumatoid arthritis or autoimmune disease lupus erythematosus. 3. spoon nail: the middle of the nail sinks, and the whole nail becomes flat or spoon-shaped. This kind of nail is related to iron deficiency anemia, syphilis, thyroid disorder, rheumatic fever and so on. 4. Lindsay's nail: Half of the nail near the nail tip is pink or brown, and half of the nail near the nail shape is white. This kind of nail, also known as two nails, may be a sign of chronic renal failure. 5. Bo's line: The horizontal groove on the nail indicates malnutrition or some serious disease that will temporarily affect the growth of the nail, such as measles, costal adenitis and heart attack. 6. Terry's nails: Most of the skin under the nails turned white, leaving only a small part near the tip of the nails still showing normal pink. This may indicate liver cirrhosis. 7. yellow nail syndrome cluster: the growth rate of nails slows down and becomes thick and hard; It is yellow or green, and the causes include chronic respiratory diseases, thyroid diseases or lymphopathy. 8. Bleeding: If these vertical red lines appear on nails, it means microvascular bleeding. If multiple such blood lines appear, it may indicate chronic hypertension, psoriasis or a fatal infection called subacute bacterial endocarditis. 9. Irregular pits: Many patients with psoriasis have this phenomenon. 10. Rows of pits: The surface of nails becomes the surface of bronzes hammered by a coppersmith, sometimes because of cluster baldness. This is a body immune disease that is not well understood by the medical community, which will cause partial or total hair loss. 11.Brown spots or dark spots: This kind of spots, especially those where the nails extend to the surrounding finger tissues, may indicate melanoma. They may be a single big block or a bunch of small spots, and the most common places are thumb and big toe. There are usually two kinds of vertical stripes on nails: the nail ridge deck is thin and brittle, with longitudinal ridges, and the distal end is often broken and branched due to malnutrition, which can also be seen in patients with lichen planus, alopecia areata and other diseases. The longitudinal groove of nail is typically a longitudinal ridge in the center of the deck, and the top of the ridge is a shallow groove, or it can be a significant groove without ridge, which is often caused by the damage of nail matrix, and can also be seen in patients with lichen planus and other diseases, which is a manifestation of allergic reaction. In order to find your disease in time, please always observe your hand, which may be warning you about nails and disease prediction. The analysis of nails began in ancient times. Doctors of His School advocate nail analysis, which has been used up to now, but most people don't know that small nails can truly reflect human health. The back of the nail is high upward, while the periphery of the nail is curved downward. Nails of this shape may indicate emphysema, tuberculosis, cardiovascular diseases, ulcerative colitis and cirrhosis. The crescent-shaped place at the base of nails is blue, which indicates that there may be one of the following diseases: impaired blood circulation, heart disease, Lei Nuode's syndrome-finger and toe artery spasm, which is usually caused by extreme cold, and sometimes associated with rheumatoid arthritis or autoimmune disease lupus erythematosus. Nails are sunken, flat or spoon-shaped. This is related to iron deficiency anemia, syphilis, thyroid diseases and rheumatic fever. Lindsay nails (also known as two-color nails). The half near the nail tip is pink or brown, while the half near the protective film is white. This kind of nail may be a sign of chronic renal failure. There are parallel deep grooves on the nails. This is caused by malnutrition or any serious diseases that temporarily prevent the growth of nails, such as measles, epidemic costalitis, heart disease and carpal tunnel syndrome. Most of the skin under the nails is white, and the normal pink area at the fingertips is reduced and banded. This kind of nail may indicate cirrhosis. The production speed of nails is slowed down, and the nails are thickened, hardened and yellow or yellow-green. Causes include chronic respiratory system, thyroid or lymph gland diseases. This longitudinal blood stripe indicates capillary bleeding. Many blood streaks may be signs of chronic hypertension, psoriasis and subacute bacterial endocarditis that is potentially dangerous to life. Most patients with psoriasis have this kind of irregular and deep nails. The deep depression of nails is very similar to brass products hammered with a hammer, and its reason is tufted alopecia-an autoimmune disease that leads to partial and total alopecia. These two colors of nails, especially those that are brown or black from the nail to its surrounding tissues, may be related to malignant melanoma. They may be a big spot or a small spot. The thumb and big toe are the most likely symptoms. Abnormal nails and nails of normal people with the main disease are half of the third phalanx of fingers, which are not wide or narrow, elastic, not easy to break, have a certain hardness, and the edge is parallel to the meat, which is reddish, shiny, without spots and bumps. If the nail is less than half of the third phalanx, it is mostly weak and emaciated, and the digestive system is dysfunctional, but it has strong disease resistance. People with soft nails have poor energy, are prone to fatigue, like sleeping, have poor disease resistance and are often languid. People with hard and brittle nails often have anemia and loss of appetite. There are white spots or mica-like nails, which means that there are trace elements such as calcium and silicon deficiency and parasites. This kind of person is prone to nervousness, irritability and habitual constipation. The pale arc circle at the root of the nail is called the half moon arc, commonly known as the healthy circle. Is the normal healthy circle about the area of nails? -1/5, no shadow. The width and size of the health circle vary from person to person and from race to race. Usually, the male health circle is about 3 mm, and the female is slightly smaller. The width of the index finger, middle finger and ring finger decreases in turn, and the little finger is mostly absent. Old people are narrow, and malnourished people often disappear. The change of health circle can best indicate the nutritional status of the body, and it is a light to indicate the nutritional status of the human body. Nails-Health Barometer Nails are a barometer of human health. Normal nails are ruddy and subtle, tough and arc-shaped, smooth and shiny, and the nail root is gray and white. If the shape and color of nails vary, it indicates that the human body may be suffering from some diseases. Here are some common knowledge of observing nails: from the shape of nails, nails are flat, sunken, spoon-shaped, brittle and dull, which is a sign of insufficient liver water or iron deficiency anemia, hypochromic anemia and light-colored small cell anemia. Nails are parrot-shaped, and the tips of fingers are like drumsticks, which are more common in congenital heart disease with cyanosis, rheumatic heart with chronic heart failure and lung abscess, emphysema, silicosis, chronic fibrous cavitary tuberculosis and chronic ulcerative colitis. The appearance of horizontal stripes on nails is a harbinger of nephropathy or myocardial infarction; The appearance of longitudinal stripes and the lack of vitamin A are precursors to liver disease; The appearance of internal pit lines is poor respiratory function. From the color of nails: nails turn white, and emergencies are seen in blood loss and shock; Chronic diseases are seen in anemia, hookworm complicated with gastrointestinal bleeding, advanced tuberculosis, pulmonary heart disease, etc. As white as ground glass, it is the characteristic of cirrhosis; Nails turn white, thin and soft, which is more common in chronic consumptive diseases, such as yellow nails and lack of vitamin E. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it is mostly caused by damp-heat fumigation, which can be seen in hypothyroidism, carrot disease, nephrotic syndrome and so on. When nails turn gray, they suffer from onychomycosis. At the beginning, they itch next to the nails, and then the nails are deformed, tarnished and grayish white. Blue nails with small red thorns are caused by lack of oxygen, which indicates that the heart and lungs have glassy nails, half red and half white (commonly known as yin and yang nails), which is a bad renal function. White spots or flocculent white spots appear on nails, which may be zinc deficiency or gastrointestinal diseases or anemia; The appearance of black spots or green spots is a sign of poisoning; Erythema appears around the fingernail, which is more common in patients with lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis. A half moon is blue, which is poor peripheral circulation; The obvious redness is the performance of heart failure; For those with obvious one and a half months, intestinal tract absorption is good; No or narrow, poor digestion. Nail is indeed a window to observe human health, so we should always pay attention to its changes, especially for long-term manicurists. Don't forget to take a vacation every once in a while to let it show its true colors. If multiple nails are found to be mutated, we should see a doctor in time. If only one or two nails have changed, don't panic, it may be caused by trauma. Fingernails are pink, shiny, moderate in thickness, moderate in hardness, not easy to break, and smooth in surface. A healthy circle (half-moon shape at the bottom of nails) accounts for one fifth of the length of nails (preferably all five nails) as a sign of health. If the color is pale, yellow, cyan, black, dull, too thick or too thin, too soft or too hard, easy to break, rough and dull surface with concave grooves, vertical stripes, white spots and abnormal proportion of healthy circles, it is a sign of poor physical fitness. Pale fingers indicate deficiency of both qi and blood, while purple is blood stasis. Square fingers are prone to lithiasis. Spoon refers to the constitution of yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity, and is prone to stroke, chest obstruction, thirst and other diseases. When some hypertensive patients stretch their fingers, their fingers incline to the thumb side. Nails should be healthy, nails like mallets are incompetent, white nails are deficiency of both qi and blood, black nails are severe, and yellow nails are moist and hot fumigation. According to the basic color, it is blood stasis, and the hand is relaxed, but its color will not gather into blood deficiency and qi stagnation for a long time. People with leukoplakia often have parasites, fatigue or long-term constipation. Most people with too large a healthy circle are hyperactivity of liver yang and stroke; Those who are too young are mostly gout, cough and asthma, gastroenteritis, digestive tract ulcer and encephalomalacia (which can become obscure after stroke); Those who have no healthy circle are mostly deficient in both qi and blood; Those who have many scars and grooves on the nail surface are parasites, spleen deficiency, and if they occur in the thumb, they are exhausted; Occurred in the index finger prone to skin diseases; Most of those who occur in the middle finger are flaccid; Those who occur on the ring finger are prone to cough and eye diseases; Those who occur in the little finger are prone to throat disease, wind arthralgia, damp-heat yellowing. Too weak nails are yin deficiency and fire flourishing; Thin, soft and brittle is liver blood deficiency; Atrophy is mostly heart and spleen deficiency; Longitudinal stripes are weak; Those who are easy to break are depressed; If the nail body is flat, it is weak and sick, and if it is tilted, it is both qi and blood deficiency; Triangle armor is prone to stroke; Hawkclaw-shaped or uneven people are mostly qi stagnation and blood stasis, chest obstruction, wind obstruction and tendon twin; Cylindrical people often have carbuncle and furuncle, which is easy to suffer from some kind of tumor; Long claw nails are weak; Concave nails are mostly kidney deficiency. Fan-shaped embedded Donphan is mostly due to liver transverse deficiency, yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity, which is easy to suffer from stroke; Those with sharp decline in the side of nails are prone to heart blood stasis; There is a deep groove on the nail body, which indicates that he was seriously ill or suffered a mental shock not long ago; Most people who eat nails are spleen-qi deficiency; Those with obviously narrow nails are prone to dirty dryness; Those with long and narrow nails are prone to rheumatism; Most of the patients with broad tip and bluish color are qi deficiency and blood stasis; Most people with dull nail color and obvious longitudinal stripes are cough and asthma; Short nails are mostly due to heart deficiency and chest pain (especially those without healthy circles); Those who are wide and short are mostly gynecological diseases and arthralgia (if they lack luster, they are mostly infertility); Those who are very short are prone to cough and asthma. Nail baby health barometer can see health from nails, right? What do healthy nails look like? Nails are also called decks, with fingertips at the front and nail roots at the back under the skin. The tissue under the nail root is called nail mother, which is the place where nails grow. The skin around the deck is called nail profile, and the semi-circular light-colored area in front of the nail profile is a half moon, which can be regarded as a sign of health. Normal baby's nails are pink, very smooth and tough, and the color of a half moon is slightly lighter. Judging whether a baby's nails are healthy depends on its surface shape, color, texture, thickness and nail bed relationship. Abnormal white nails and white spots on the baby's deck are called' lucky spots' by superstition and' spotted white nails' by medicine; If white lines or small white spots appear, or even the whole nail turns white, they are called linear white nails, partial white nails and total white nails respectively. In fact, punctate white nails and linear white nails are more common in normal children, or they are temporary injuries. Yellow nail is the yellowing of the whole nail, mainly because of eating carotene food, fungal infection will also appear yellow nail, but most of them are accompanied by morphological changes of nails. There is also a kind of yellow nail syndrome, which is hereditary and familial, often accompanied by edema of face and limbs. Others such as green nails and black nails are relatively rare. If the baby's half moon is abnormal in color, it is mostly a heart disease when it is red, and it is reddish when it is anaemic. Abnormal morphology If the child's nails have horizontal grooves, it may be that he has acute fever (such as measles, lung fever, scarlet fever, etc.), and his metabolism is abnormal. If there are several vertical shallow grooves in the center of the deck, it can be seen in the damage of nail matrix and lichen planus. The deck becomes thin and brittle, with vertical protruding edges, and the nail tips are easy to tear and delaminate, which is a manifestation of nail malnutrition and can also be seen in dermatoses such as lichen planus. Small pits appear on the deck surface, which can occur in normal children or in children with psoriasis (that is, "psoriasis"), eczema and other skin diseases. Nail fracture occurs in the longitudinal direction, which can be seen in hypothyroidism and abnormal function of the anterior pituitary gland. When the hardness of hard armor is abnormal, the deck thickens, and the thicker it reaches the fingertips, it can be caused by congenital reasons or long-term stimulation the day after tomorrow. In soft armor, the deck is thin and soft, easy to bend and turn white, and the nail tip is easy to split, which is found in congenital abnormality, vitamin B deficiency, syphilis and so on. Flat nail, spoon nail, hook nail, giant nail, small nail and nail wilt are mostly caused by congenital abnormalities, and clubbed nail has both congenital factors and acquired heart disease. Principles of nail diagnosis for graduate students in Institute of Dermatology, China Academy of Medical Sciences and Union Medical University. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that claws are not only tendons, but also symptoms outside the liver and gallbladder. The liver stores blood and governs the drainage. Therefore, Wang Jia can measure the ups and downs of qi and blood in the internal organs and their circulation. The nail bed under the deck is covered with peripheral capillaries and nerve endings. The blood circulation of the body can be obtained by observing the morphological changes of capillaries on the nail bed and the blood flow state. According to modern microcirculation theory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases can be diagnosed from the changes of tiny blood vessels on nails. People's nails can reflect the information of health or disease. Our ancestors found in long-term in-depth and meticulous observation and repeated verification that the fingernails of both hands reflect both similarities and differences in diseases, and there are certain rules. Generally speaking, thumb nails mostly reflect head and neck lesions; The index finger nail reflects the lesions below the head and above the diaphragm (including the upper focus, chest, heart, lungs, etc.); The middle finger nail reflects the lesions from below diaphragm to umbilicus (middle energizer, liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, etc.); The nameless nail reflects the lesions (lower coke, kidney, bladder, intestine, etc.) from the umbilicus to the second yin area; The little finger nail reflects the lesions below the second yin and lower limbs (second yin, lower limbs, etc.). Fingernails represent the whole body, and some people call them nail embryos ("holograms"). When shaking hands, the parts of the body represented by the five fingernails add up, just like an embryonic baby. In addition to different fingernails representing different body areas and organs, people also found that different areas of each nail also reflect the situation of different parts of the human body. Each nail is divided into five areas, which represent different parts of the body. Due to the limitation of space, I will not elaborate here. The method of nail diagnosis is that the examinee should wash his nails, and those who have nail stains should remove the stains. Under the natural light, make the examinee reach out naturally, palm down and lay flat on the table. The inspector carefully examines the deck, the half-moon arc, the nail bed, the nail fold, etc., and pays attention to the changes in the color, thickness, unevenness, patches, lines and other shapes of nails. Deck: Pay attention to its transparency, color, luster, size, thickness, flatness, unevenness, soft, hard, brittle, smooth or rough texture, etc. Half moon arc: observe its size and color. Nail bed: press the deck to check the shape, markings, petechiae, color and collateral dynamics of nail bed through the nail layer. Nailfold (nailfold): Pay attention to its shape, color, dynamics of collaterals, and whether the combination with the deck is regular and defective. The nail color is white: the nail bed is pale, suggesting qi and blood deficiency. White and moist are mild, white and withered are dull and rough, and they are seriously ill. Pallor of nail is seen in anemia, malnutrition, liver cirrhosis, chronic colitis, nail biting, Raynaud's disease, pulseless disease and so on. Part of leukonychia can be seen in tuberculosis, nephritis, lymphosarcoma and cancer. Spotted white nails (one or several white spots or white clouds or white flocks of different sizes appear on the deck), showing digestive system diseases, malnutrition, zinc deficiency, syphilis and so on. Red: the nail bed is red and red, which indicates the syndrome of qi and blood heat. Those who are red and moist are slightly ill, and those who are red and withered are seriously ill. Hemorrhage of nail bed also belongs to red nail. If there is spindle-shaped longitudinal linear hemorrhage at the free edge of nail, it can be seen in coagulation dysfunction, drug allergy, subacute endocarditis and so on. Yellow: the color of nail bed is yellow, suggesting damp-heat fumigation. Yellow and bright, suggesting that the disease is mild and the course of disease is short. Dark yellow indicates a serious illness and a long course of disease. Yellow nail can be seen in hepatobiliary diseases, hemolysis, hypothyroidism, chronic adrenal insufficiency, nephrotic syndrome, carotene anemia and so on. Cyan: blue nail bed, suggesting cold syndrome, blood stasis, pain syndrome and convulsion. It is found in hypoxia or the use of adipine and phenolphthalein. Long-term illness with cyanosis and withering suggests that liver qi will be exhausted and the prognosis is poor. Black: the nail bed is black, indicating cold syndrome, blood stasis and pain syndrome. After a long illness, black nails appear and withered, suggesting that kidney qi will be extinct and its disease is dangerous. One or several thin black vertical lines appear on the nail surface, suggesting endocrine disorders, which can be seen in menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, malignant tumors, radiation sickness and so on. After receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer, each course of treatment can form a black mark on the nail, and each course of treatment is recorded in a circle. Blue: It means that the liver suffers from evil and blood stasis is blocked. Modern research has found that oral administration of chloroquine, adipine, hemochromatosis, hepatolenticular degeneration, nitrite poisoning and hypoxia can lead to cyanosis. Brown nail: common in acanthosis nigricans, adrenal hypofunction, or oral phenolphthalein, antimalarial drugs, etc. Red and white half nail: the distal nail is reddish brown, and the proximal deck is glassy white, with clear boundaries, which is common in azotemia with liver cirrhosis. Distinguish the atrophic nail shape: people with this nail shape are too sensitive to nerves, react strongly to various stimuli, and often have clinical manifestations of malnutrition. Hypertrophy: People with this type of nails often feel dull, prone to limb paralysis, susceptible to cold, and have a history of low back and leg pain. Long: People with long nails are prone to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, such as tracheitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis and myocarditis. Short shape: people with short nails are prone to coronary heart disease, diabetes, neurasthenia and other diseases. Triangle: the nail root is narrow and the head is wide. People with this type of nail have a history of headache. Narrow shape: People with nails of this shape have poor physique, but strong disease resistance and tolerance. Olive-shaped: People with this type of nails often have atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, cerebral thrombosis, brain tumors and myelopathy. Fan-shaped: People with this nail are prone to stroke, and it is also common in patients with hepatitis and cholelithiasis. Concave horizontal line shape: people with this shape of nails may have parasitic diseases. Bent and curved: the middle part of the nail is weak, and there are horizontal stripes on the nail. People with this nail often suffer from hookworm disease, indicating that the body is calcium deficient, anemia or malnutrition. The middle and high shape of the index finger: it looks like a claw nail, which is a sign of tuberculosis. Semi-circle: People with this kind of nails often suffer from renal insufficiency. Tubular: It can be seen in patients with advanced cancer. Flat shape: People with nails of this shape are prone to scrofula and throat diseases, such as pharyngitis, laryngitis and acute suppurative tonsillitis. Vertical line: there are vertical lines on the nails, which are easy to break. Most people with this type of nails have poor heart function or weakened intestinal peristalsis. There are many vertical lines on the thumb nail, which may be caused by partial eclipse. Groove shape: there are deep grooves on the nails, which means that there are many parasites in the human body with this shape of nails, or there is intestinal paralysis. There is a groove in the nail of the thumb, which often leads to listlessness; There are concave grooves in eating nails, and the skin is prone to rash; There is a concave groove in the middle nail, which indicates myasthenia gravis; Nameless nails have concave grooves, which are prone to eye diseases; Small nails have concave grooves, which are prone to hepatobiliary diseases, pharyngitis and neuralgia.