Hypertension is recognized as the "king of chronic diseases", which ranks first among chronic diseases and is called the silent killer. The number of hypertension in China is about 33 million, that is, 3 out of every 1 people suffer from hypertension. Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke.
1. The diagnostic standard of blood pressure is
14/9 mmHg.
prevention and treatment of hypertension
Three important sentences: "First, early detection and early diagnosis of hypertension, second, early administration of antihypertensive drugs after diagnosis, and third, lowering blood pressure to normal."
(1) Non-drug treatment
1. Reasonable diet: hypertension should be low in sugar, fat and salt. Mainly high protein, fresh vegetables and fruits diet. Limiting sodium and supplementing potassium, WHO recommends: 5 grams of salt per person per day.
2. Moderate exercise: At present, walking is recognized as one of the best exercises in the world. Not only hypertension, but every middle-aged and old friend should insist on exercising for 3-6 minutes every day, and walking is suitable.
3. Quit smoking and limit alcohol: Quitting smoking for people without hypertension can prevent the occurrence of hypertension, and people with hypertension should quit smoking. Don't drink a lot, high concentration of alcohol will aggravate high blood pressure and lead to stroke and myocardial infarction.
4. Psychological balance: Happiness can be expressed by a formula: 15% money, 1% nature, 1% mood = happiness. The psychological manifestations of patients with hypertension are nervousness, irritability, anxiety, panic, emotional instability, etc. Repeated bad stimulation can keep blood pressure high, and it is easy to induce cerebral hemorrhage or sudden death of coronary heart disease. Therefore, we should pay attention to psychological balance, improve self-control ability, keep relaxed and calm mood, maintain stable blood pressure and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.
(2) drug therapy
therapeutic purpose: early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, and early blood pressure reduction to 14/9mmHg. The elderly should not be too hasty in lowering blood pressure, and the blood pressure should be controlled at 14-15mmhg. The most important thing is to use drugs under the guidance of a doctor.
antihypertensive drug therapy: there are six main categories, namely diuretics,? Receptor blockers, calcium antagonists (horizon), ACEI (Puli), at ⅱ receptor antagonists (ARB) (sartans), and? Receptor blockers, etc., there are still many compound preparations to choose from.
principle of antihypertensive treatment: patients with hypertension should do the following when taking medicine, that is, take medicine for life; Take a single medicine and start with a small dose; Take long-acting drugs; Single drug can be combined when the curative effect is not good; Regularly standardize treatment; Take medicine regularly; Individualized medication; Often take medicine in the morning.