(1) Spinach mesophyll cells can carry out photosynthesis. They have chloroplasts, but yeast cells do not. Yeast belongs to eukaryotes and cyanobacteria belongs to prokaryotes. The main difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that prokaryotes have no typical nuclei covered by nuclear membranes.

(2) There are both DNA and RNA in the nucleus and mitochondria; Ribosomes consist of RNA and protein; Cytoplasmic matrix contains transport RNA. ..

(3) Mitochondria is the place where aerobic respiration occurs in the second and third stages, and glucose can only enter mitochondria after it is decomposed into pyruvate in the cytoplasm matrix, so mitochondria cannot directly utilize glucose, and the products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and water.

(4) When the cell wall is removed by enzymolysis, in order to prevent the formed protoplast from swelling due to water absorption, it should be carried out in isotonic or hypertonic solution.

So the answer is:

(1) No chloroplast has a nucleus (nucleation) wrapped by a nuclear membrane.

(2)②④⑥⑧

(3)⑥

(4) Isotonic (or hypertonic)