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The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival
The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is commonly known as the "Dragon Boat Festival". Duan means "beginning" and "beginning". The fifth day of the Lunar New Year can be called the Dragon Boat Festival. The lunar calendar uses earthly branches to record the months. The first month is Yin, the second month is Mao, and the fifth month is Wu. Therefore, May is called Wu month. "Five" and "Wu" are connected, and "Five" is the Yang number, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also called the Wu month. Named Duanwu, Chongwu, Duanyang, Zhongtian, etc. Judging from historical records, the word "Dragon Boat Festival" was first seen in "Fengtu Ji" written by Zhou Chu of Jin Dynasty: "Dragon Boat Festival in midsummer, cooking millet with duck horns".
The Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival for the Han people in my country. The essential activities on this day gradually evolved into: eating rice dumplings, racing dragon boats, hanging calamus and mugwort leaves, smoking atractylodes and angelica, and drinking realgar wine. It is said that eating rice dumplings and racing dragon boats are to commemorate Qu Yuan, so after liberation, the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" to commemorate Qu Yuan. As for hanging calamus and moxa leaves, smoking atractylodes and angelica, and drinking realgar wine, it is said to suppress evil spirits. Although the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated every year, the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is not very clear. To sum up, there are roughly the following theories.
1. The theory of commemorating Qu Yuan
This theory first came from the records of Wu Jun of the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties and "Xu Qixie Ji" by Wu Jun of the Liang Dynasty and "Jingchu Shishi Ji" of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It is said that Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and was trapped by dragons after his death. People mourned his death and threw colorful silk rice dumplings into the water on this day to drive away mosquitoes and dragons. It is also said that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River, local people immediately rowed boats to rescue him after hearing the news. They went straight to Dongting Lake, but did not see Qu Yuan's body. At that time, it happened to be a rainy day, and the boats on the lake gathered together at the pavilion on the shore. When people learned that they were salvaging the virtuous minister Qu, they went out in the rain again and rushed into the vast Dongting Lake. In order to express their grief, people went boating on the rivers, and then it gradually developed into dragon boat racing. 'It seems that eating rice dumplings and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival are related to the commemoration of Qu Yuan. There is a poem "Dragon Boat Festival" by Wenxiu of the Tang Dynasty as evidence: "Who said that the festival is divided into Dragon Boat Festival? It has been rumored to be Qu Yuan through the ages. It is ridiculous that the Chu River is empty and cannot be washed away. "The direct minister is wronged."
Second, the theory of Yingtao God
This saying comes from the "Cao E Stele" of the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu Zixu, a loyal minister of the State of Wu, died unjustly and turned into the god of waves. People mourned and offered sacrifices to him, hence the Dragon Boat Festival.
Third, the Dragon Festival theory
This theory comes from Wen Yiduo’s "Dragon Boat Festival" and "Dragon Boat Festival Historical Education". He believed that the fifth day of May was the day when the "dragon" tribe in the ancient Wuyue region held totem sacrifices. The main reasons are: (1) The two most important activities of the Dragon Boat Festival, eating rice dumplings and racing boats, are both related to dragons. Zongzi thrown into the water are often stolen by mosquito dragons, while dragon boats are used for the ferry races. (2) The ferry race is particularly closely related to the ancient Wuyue region, and the people of Wuyue also have the custom of cutting off their hair and getting tattoos "to look like dragons". (3) In ancient times, there was a folk custom of "tying arms with colorful silk" on the fifth day of May. This should be a relic of the "dragon son-like" tattoo custom.
Four. The theory of evil sun
In the pre-Qin era, it was generally believed that May was a poisonous month and the fifth day was an evil day. The chapter "Midsummer's Notes" in "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" stipulates that people should abstain from sex and fast in May. "Xia Xiaozheng" records: "On this day, medicine is stored to remove poisonous gases." "Dadaili" records, "On May 5th, animals are used to bathe in orchids." There are many legends about using baths to drive away evil spirits and thinking that Chongwu is the day of death. "Historical Records: Biography of Mengchangjun" records that the famous Mengchangjun in history was born on May 5th. His father asked his mother not to give birth to him, believing that "if a child is born in the fifth month of the fifth month of the lunar month, he will be harmed by his parents." The lost text of "Customs" states, "It is said that if a child is born on May 5th, the male will harm the father, and the female will harm the mother." Wang Chong, the author of "Lunheng", also recorded: "It is taboo to mention the sons of the first and fifth months; killing the father and mother with the sons of the first and fifth months is not allowed." Wang Zhen'e, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, and his grandfather named him " Suppress evil." Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, was born on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and was fostered outside the palace since childhood. It can be seen that in ancient times, it was a common phenomenon to regard the fifth day of May as an evil day. It can be seen that since the pre-Qin Dynasty, this day has been an unlucky day.
In this way, it is logical to plant calamus and mugwort leaves on this day to drive away ghosts, smoke atractylodes and angelica and drink realgar wine to ward off epidemics.
Fifth, Summer Solstice Theory
Liu Deqian, who holds this view, put forward three main reasons in "Another Theory of the Origin of "Dragon Boat Festival"" and "Interesting Talks about Traditional Chinese Festivals" (1) The authoritative book "The Chronicles of Jingchu" does not mention the festival custom of eating rice dumplings on the fifth day of May, but writes that eating rice dumplings is included in the Summer Solstice Festival. As for Jingdu, the "Jade Candle Book" written by Du Taiqing in the Sui Dynasty listed it as a recreational activity on the summer solstice, which shows that it was not necessarily to salvage the great poet Qu Yuan who threw himself into the river. (2) Some contents in the Dragon Boat Festival customs, such as "stepping on hundreds of herbs", "fighting on hundreds of herbs", "collecting miscellaneous herbs", etc., actually have nothing to do with Qu Yuan. (3) The first explanation of the Dragon Boat Festival is: "The sun leaves are shining brightly, and the Dragon Boat Festival is in the middle of summer. Therefore, the Dragon Boat Festival can also be called the Tianzhong Festival. Therefore, the Dragon Boat Festival The earliest origin of the festival is the Summer Solstice, and the commemoration of Qu Yuan has the most widespread influence. Because of Qu Yuan's outstanding personality, people are also willing to attribute this anniversary to him
The origin and custom of eating rice dumplings during the Dragon Boat Festival
Legend has it that after Qu Yuan’s death, the people of Chu State were extremely sad and flocked to the Miluo River to pay their respects to Qu Yuan. Fishermen rowed boats and fished up and down the river to salvage his remains. A fisherman took out rice balls, eggs and other food prepared for Qu Yuan and threw them into the river "plop, plop", saying that when the fish, lobsters and crabs were full, they would not bite Doctor Qu's body. People saw that Later, they all followed suit. An old doctor took a jar of realgar wine and poured it into the river, saying that it would stun the dragon water beast so as not to harm Doctor Qu. Later, for fear that the rice ball would be eaten by the dragon, people came up with the idea of ??wrapping rice with neem leaves. Later, on the fifth day of May every year, there were customs such as dragon boat racing, eating rice dumplings, and drinking realgar wine to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.
Be careful when eating rice dumplings. What?
Zongzi are mostly made of glutinous rice, which is highly viscous, difficult to digest, lacks fiber, and contains too much fat, salt, and sugar. An ordinary bacon rice dumpling contains about 100 grams of rice. A bowl or so contains about 400 to 500 calories. Therefore, experts recommend that women should not eat more than 3 rice dumplings a day, and men should not eat more than 5 rice dumplings a day. Eating rice dumplings with vegetables and fruits can help the peristalsis of the intestines and stomach. Indigestion in the intestines and gastrointestinal tract caused by eating rice dumplings. In addition, do not eat rice dumplings two hours before going to bed, and avoid cold fruits and vegetables that contain a lot of water, to avoid diarrhea or abdominal pain.
Who should not eat zongzi?
Zongzi is not suitable for everyone. Experts also recommend that some people should not eat zongzi.
Patients with cardiovascular disease: There are many varieties of zongzi, including meat. Zongzi and lard bean paste rice dumplings contain a lot of fat and are greasy foods. If people with high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and coronary heart disease eat too much, it can increase blood viscosity, affect blood circulation, increase heart burden and ischemia, and induce heart disease. Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction
The elderly and children: Zongzi is mostly made of glutinous rice and is very sticky. If the elderly and children eat too much, it is easy to cause indigestion and the resulting hyperacidity, bloating and abdominal pain. , diarrhea and other symptoms.
Patients with gastric and intestinal diseases: Steamed rice dumplings will release a gelatinous substance, which will increase the load of digestive enzymes after eating.
Diabetic patients. : Zongzi often contains red dates, bean paste, etc. with high sugar content, and is usually mixed with sugar when eating. If not controlled, it will damage the pancreatic islet function, causing the patient's blood sugar and urine sugar to rise rapidly, aggravating the condition, and even causing coma and coma. Poisoning.
What are the "five poisons" of the Dragon Boat Festival?
Scorpions, snakes, centipedes, geckos, and toads.
What are the "five yellows" during the Dragon Boat Festival?
Folks in the south of the Yangtze River have the custom of eating the "five yellows" during the Dragon Boat Festival. The "five yellows" are cucumber, eel, yellow croaker, realgar wine, and salted duck eggs. yellow.
Why do we eat salted duck egg yolks during the Dragon Boat Festival?
In order to drive away the "five poisons", the folk use five kinds of red vegetables to symbolize the blood of the five poisons. When eaten, the monsters will be turned away Scared away, that is, eating five reds. The red oil in salted duck egg yolk is one of the reds.
Qu Yuan’s surname is not Qu, what is his surname?
Qu Yuan, a poet and politician of Chu State during the Warring States Period in China, was born in Zigui, Danyang, Chu State, and is a descendant of Qu Xia, the son of Xiong Tong, King Wu of Chu. . Qu Yuan's actual surname was Mi. Sima Qian said in the biography of Qu Yuan, "Qu Yuan, whose given name is Ping, is the same surname as Chu." The word Yuan comes from the name Zhengze and the word Lingjun. The king of Chu's surname was Mi, and Qu was the surname of Qu Yuan. At that time, the surname and surname were separate.
The origin of drinking realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival
Realgar wine is made from realgar powder. As a traditional Chinese medicine, realgar wine can be used as an antidote and insecticide. Therefore, ancient people believed that realgar, which has corrosive power, can restrain snakes, scorpions and other insects. avoid".
The Dragon Boat Festival coincides with the transition between spring and summer, which is the peak period for the reproduction of mosquitoes and flies. Therefore, since ancient times, people have had the tradition of planting mugwort and drinking realgar wine to ward off evil and prevent epidemics. Therefore, the ancients not only sprinkled realgar powder in places where mosquitoes breed, but also drank realgar wine in the hope of warding off evil spirits and preventing themselves from getting sick.
The Dragon Boat Festival is an ancient sports meeting.
The Dragon Boat Festival is an ancient sports meeting. From ancient times to the present, the customs on the Dragon Boat Festival are mostly related to sports. Dragon boat races and dragon boat races in the south are held during the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May. Counties, counties and villages organize dragon boat races every year. A brocade colored pole is inserted at the end of the competition field. There is usually a brocade hanging on the colored pole, which is called a "bid". The winner is the one who wins the bid.
There are many participants in shooting willow, fighting grass, and polo in the north. The so-called willow shooting is a game similar to shooting a bow and arrow while riding a horse to see who can hit it; polo is very similar to today's polo. Fighting with grass is a game often played by children. There are also specialties in fighting with grass, and there are so-called Literary struggle is also called martial struggle. Therefore, the atmosphere of the Dragon Boat Festival in ancient times was just like the National Games.