What is hysteromyoma?
How is hysteromyoma caused? The exact cause of uterine fibroids is not clear. Because hysteromyoma is more common in childbearing age, it is rare before puberty, and it shrinks or subsides after menopause, suggesting that its occurrence may be related to female hormones. In addition, the study found that genetic factors can also affect the incidence of uterine fibroids. The causes of uterine fibroids include the following three categories:
I. General factors
1, age: Uterine fibroids mostly occur in women of childbearing age, mostly in women aged 30-50, and rarely occur in adolescent women, and atrophy or subside after menopause.
2. Obesity: Obesity can cause metabolic disorder, lead to the lack of periodic regulation of progesterone, cause abnormal menstrual cycle, affect ovulation, and increase the risk of uterine fibroids.
3. History of pregnancy and abortion: Women without pregnancy history are more likely to suffer from uterine fibroids than those with pregnancy history, and the onset age is earlier, mainly because the progesterone in women's bodies is increased through production capacity.
4, smoking, drinking: smoking and drinking are easy to induce uterine fibroids. Studies have shown that women who smoke 1 pack of cigarettes every day are six times more likely to develop uterine fibroids than women who don't smoke.
Second, the hormone level.
1, low estrogen: Biochemical detection confirmed that the estrone conversion of estradiol in leiomyoma was significantly lower than that in normal muscle tissue, and the concentration of estrogen receptor in leiomyoma was significantly higher than that in surrounding muscle tissue. Therefore, it is considered that the local high sensitivity of leiomyoma to estrogen is one of the important factors of leiomyoma.
2, progesterone is low. Progesterone can promote mitosis and stimulate the growth of fibroids. If the level of progesterone in women is low, it is easy to induce uterine fibroids.
Third, genetic factors.
Cytogenetic research shows that 25%-50% of uterine fibroids have cytogenetic abnormalities, such as chromosome fragment position exchange, chromosome long arm rearrangement or partial deletion. Uterine fibroids proliferate from monoclonal smooth muscle cells, and different cloned cells form multiple uterine fibroids.
Symptoms of hysteromyoma
Uterine fibroids are mostly asymptomatic, only occasionally found during pelvic examination or ultrasound examination. If there are symptoms, it is closely related to the growth position, speed, degeneration and complications of fibroids, and has little to do with the size and quantity of fibroids. The common clinical symptoms of hysteromyoma are as follows.
1, uterine bleeding: the most important symptom of uterine fibroids. Among them, periodic bleeding is the most common, which can be manifested as increased menstrual flow, prolonged menstrual period or shortened cycle. Submucosal myoma and intermuscular myoma are the most common types of uterine bleeding.
2, abdominal mass and compression symptoms: the mass is solid, movable, no tenderness. When fibroids grow to a certain size, they can cause symptoms of peripheral organ compression, such as frequent urination and urgency.
3, pain: Under normal circumstances, uterine fibroids will not cause pain, but many patients will complain of abdominal swelling, low back pain.
4, leucorrhea increases: uterine cavity increases, endometrial glands increase, pelvic congestion can increase leucorrhea.
5. Infertility and abortion: Some patients with uterine fibroids are infertile or prone to abortion, and the impact on pregnancy and pregnancy outcome may be related to the growth position, size and quantity of fibroids.
6, anemia: due to long-term menorrhagia or irregular vaginal bleeding can cause hemorrhagic anemia, more serious anemia is more common in patients with submucosal fibroids.
7. Others: A very small number of patients with uterine fibroids can produce erythrocytosis and hypoglycemia, which is generally considered to be related to ectopic hormones produced by tumors.
How is hysteromyoma caused?
How is hysteromyoma caused? The exact cause of uterine fibroids is still unclear. The occurrence and development of hysteromyoma are multi-factors and multi-links. At present, it is generally believed that hysteromyoma is a sex hormone-dependent tumor. In addition, the incidence of uterine fibroids may be related to age, obesity, pregnancy history (abortion history), smoking, drinking, genetic factors and other factors.
I. General factors
1, age: uterine fibroids mostly occur in women of childbearing age, and uterine fibroids shrink or subside after menopause.
2. Obesity: Obesity can cause metabolic disorder, lead to the lack of periodic regulation of progesterone, and increase the risk of uterine fibroids.
3. History of pregnancy and abortion: After the productivity of progesterone in women increases, women with a history of pregnancy and childbirth have a higher probability of developing uterine fibroids.
4, smoking, drinking: smoking and drinking are easy to induce uterine fibroids.
Second, the hormone level.
1, high estrogen: the concentration of estrogen receptor in myoma is significantly higher than that in surrounding muscle tissue, so it is considered that the local high sensitivity of myoma tissue to estrogen is one of the important factors of myoma.
2, progesterone is high. Progesterone can promote mitosis and stimulate the growth of fibroids. If the level of progesterone in women is high, it is easy to induce uterine fibroids.
Third, genetic factors.
Cytogenetic research shows that 25%-50% of uterine fibroids have cytogenetic abnormalities, such as chromosome fragment position exchange, chromosome long arm rearrangement or partial deletion.
Is hysteromyoma serious?
Most uterine fibroids have no obvious symptoms, so many people will ignore the seriousness of uterine fibroids. If the treatment is not timely, it will easily cause a variety of hazards, such as affecting pregnancy, causing abortion and inducing gynecological inflammation. The main hazards of uterine fibroids are:
1, infertility or abortion
If myoma tissue appears in the corner of the uterus, it can compress the entrance of fallopian tube, which leads to sperm not being able to combine with eggs on the fallopian tube, thus affecting pregnancy; Cause uterine deformation, prevent fertilized eggs from implantation and hinder pregnancy. Even if the fertilized egg has been implanted, when the larger myoma is combined with pregnancy, it is easy to cause abortion because of mechanical obstacles to embryo development and intrauterine infection.
2, cause gynecological inflammation
Uterine fibroids can cause pelvic congestion and infection, and most of the infections caused by fibroids are caused by pedicle torsion. After infection, a few patients can form abscess and suppuration in myoma tissue. At the same time, the pathogenic bacteria after myoma infection can invade other adjacent organs, causing adnexitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and other gynecological diseases.
3. Secondary anemia
Uterine fibroids can lead to excessive menstrual bleeding. In the long run, patients will have secondary anemia, manifested as general weakness, pale face, palpitation and shortness of breath.
4. Malignant lesions
A few women can see that the malignant lesion of hysteromyoma is sarcoma, which leads to vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. In the late stage, it can spread to many parts of the body through blood circulation, direct dissemination and lymphatic metastasis.
Diagnosis of hysteromyoma
How to diagnose hysteromyoma? Hysteromyoma can be diagnosed according to the patient's medical history and signs. B-ultrasound is a commonly used auxiliary examination, which can distinguish hysteromyoma from other pelvic masses. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can accurately determine the size, number and location of fibroids. If necessary, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy and hysterosalpingography can also be selected for auxiliary diagnosis.
Diagnosis of hysteromyoma
1, B-ultrasound examination: it is the most widely used and the least expensive, and it is the best choice for diagnosing uterine fibroids.
2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): It is the best method to accurately locate hysteromyoma, but its high cost limits its clinical application.
3. Hysteroscopy: Submucosal myoma and endometrial polyp can be diagnosed and treated at the same time.
4. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), CT angiography and ultrasonic Doppler technology: It can show the supply of extrauterine blood vessels and can be used to evaluate uterine artery embolism before conservative treatment.
Successful treatment of hysteromyoma requires a clear diagnosis of the number, size and location of hysteromyoma and the depth of submucosal myoma and subserosal myoma entering the muscle wall.
Treatment of hysteromyoma
There are individual differences in the size of uterine fibroids that need surgery, but generally speaking, uterine fibroids exceeding 5cm indicate that the condition is serious and need surgical resection. If the hysteromyoma is less than 5 cm, medication can be taken to control the growth of hysteromyoma. Asymptomatic uterine fibroids do not require treatment. A single myoma can be removed by surgery. If the hysteromyoma is multiple and the patient has no fertility requirements, it is recommended to have a hysterectomy to prevent the myoma from growing again. The treatment of hysteromyoma needs to be decided according to the individual's age, clinical manifestations and endocrine conditions. It is recommended to go to a professional hospital for examination and make a clear treatment plan under the guidance of a doctor.
How to prevent hysteromyoma
The vast majority of uterine fibroids are benign, and the rate of malignant transformation (sarcomatosis) of uterine fibroids is very low, less than 1%. However, there is still the possibility of recurrence after hysteromyomectomy, and the cause of hysteromyoma is unknown, so the prevention and nursing of hysteromyoma is particularly important, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of hysteromyoma. So, how to prevent uterine fibroids?
1. Cultivate healthy living habits: Smoking and disorder of work and rest schedule are important causes of uterine fibroids, so developing a healthy lifestyle and forming a regular life is the most effective way to prevent uterine fibroids.
2, reasonable diet: a balanced diet to avoid the recurrence of uterine fibroids due to insufficient intake of trace elements or utilization obstacles. Eat more whole grains, fruits and fresh vegetables and stick to a low-fat diet.
3. Self-regulation: The occurrence of uterine fibroids is directly related to the negative emotions of women. Therefore, we should learn to adjust ourselves, keep a positive and optimistic attitude, and avoid the influence of bad life emotions on ourselves.
4. Pay attention to contraception to prevent abortion injury: the occurrence of uterine fibroids is positively correlated with the number of abortions, so it is particularly important to take active and effective contraceptive measures.
5, pay attention to menstrual health care: keep the vulva clean during menstruation, avoid the same room during menstruation.
6, proper exercise: strengthen exercise, enhance physical fitness, improve immune function and disease resistance.
7. Regular check-up: Most uterine fibroids are asymptomatic, so you should go to a regular hospital for gynecological examination, so as to achieve early detection and early treatment.
What can't hysteromyoma eat?
Uterine leiomyoma is a benign tumor, which is related to the stimulation of estrogen and growth secretin. Patients with hysteromyoma should pay attention to their daily diet and should not eat high-fat, hormone-containing, irritating food and hair.
1, high-fat foods: high-fat foods such as egg yolk, animal offal, fat meat and butter.
2. Hormone-containing foods: longan, red dates, donkey-hide gelatin, royal jelly and other hot, solidified and hormone-containing foods.
3, irritating food: pepper, pepper, raw onion, raw garlic, curry and other irritating foods.
4. Hair products: mutton, dog meat, eggs, shrimp, crab, eel, salted fish, snakehead, bamboo shoots and other hair products.
5. Stimulating drinks: coffee, strong tea, white wine and other drinks.
Refreshing fruit tea pumpkin cake multiple uterine fibroids
The causes of multiple uterine fibroids are very uncertain and can be summarized as follows:
1, premature or excessive sexual life. Some women try to have sex or have sexual partners when they are underage, which can easily lead to gynecological diseases such as uterine fibroids.
2, too much estrogen, uterine fibroids is a hormone-dependent disease, especially like to patronize women with strong estrogen secretion, such as women of childbearing age or pregnant women, are high-risk groups of uterine fibroids.
3, sexual life is not hygienic, in the process of sexual life, if you don't clean your genitals before and after sexual life, it will lead to bacteria and pathogens breeding and invading the uterus, thus damaging the endometrium and inducing uterine fibroids.
4. Stress and emotional instability. Modern women often need to take care of their career and family, their mentality is difficult to adjust, their bodies are difficult to support, and they will have negative emotions such as anxiety, irritability, depression and tension, which is also one of the culprits of uterine fibroids.
5, food pollution, now many foods and meat contain hormones, long-term consumption of these foods is easy to induce uterine fibroids.
Uterine sarcoma
What is uterine sarcoma? Uterine sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of uterus, accounting for 1%-3% of female reproductive tract malignant tumor. It has a high degree of malignancy, a tendency of early distant metastasis and a poor prognosis. At present, there is no unified view on its pathogenesis, which may be related to menarche, age, fertility and obesity.
Uterine sarcoma is mainly divided into three pathological types: uterine leiomyosarcoma, malignant mullerian mixed tumor and endometrial stromal sarcoma, of which leiomyosarcoma is the most common.
Uterine sarcoma is similar to common uterine fibroids. There are usually no obvious symptoms in the early stage. With the development of the disease, irregular vaginal bleeding, leucorrhea and abdominal pain may occur. Some patients will have abdominal mass and abnormal urination and defecation because of enlarged uterus. Because the symptoms are not specific, they are easily overlooked. Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound and pelvic MRI are helpful for diagnosis, but the final diagnosis depends on the pathological diagnosis of surgical specimens.