Toast can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense:
In a broad sense, chieftain refers not only to the administrative office independently established by the indigenous people in minority areas within their sphere of influence and permitted by national laws, but also to local officials who "have their place in the world, govern their people, unify their soldiers in the world, perform their duties hereditary, govern their position in the world, and enter the world and be sealed by them".
In a narrow sense, Tusi refers to the local officials who "occupy a place in the world, control their people, control their soldiers, take their duties hereditary, control their positions, join their ranks and be sealed by them".
Extended data:
Toast system:
The Ming Dynasty was the heyday of the chieftain system, and at the same time, due to the need to strengthen centralization, it began to restrict and weaken the chieftain power, so it was the starting point for the collapse of the chieftain system.
After the Ming Dynasty pacified Yunnan, during the period from Hongwu to Zheng Tong (1368- 1449), various measures and even war measures were taken to smash the border crisis caused by the separatist forces Lu Chuan, and the territory of the southwest frontier was greatly expanded.
In its heyday, the territory of the Ming Dynasty covered almost the whole territory of Myanmar today, and the traditional border administrative system could no longer meet the needs of border control at this time. In order to adapt to the social development of the southwest frontier under the new situation, the Ming Dynasty gradually established a set of administrative system of hierarchical management of "inner border area" and "outer border area" in the southwest frontier, which profoundly affected the development and territory formation of the southwest frontier.
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