Brafman published a book "Starfish and Spiders" in 2006. This book talks about decentralized organizational structures.

Centralized organizations are all top-down control orders. This kind of organization is like a spider. Spider-type organizations have a central hub. If this central hub does not work well, the entire system will be paralyzed.

The starfish is a creature without a head. Its intelligent control is distributed in various parts of the limbs. If you cut off one of the starfish's arms, this arm can evolve into another starfish. Starfish is a decentralized organizational system.

For example, the US military now fights terrorist organizations. The US military is a spider system, which is under the unified command of the US Pentagon, and the terrorist organization is the starfish system. So, who is the leader of the terrorist organization? If it can be summed up, the head of a decentralized organization is a philosophy.

The core reason why decentralization can work is a concept, which is instilled in every small organization. Only when everyone agrees with this concept can it be possible to open a chain store if anyone wants to.

Every small organization is a circle. All circles have their own environment and conditions for survival, but as long as all circles agree on a concept, then this decentralized organization will have vitality and a reason to survive.

An idea that is universally recognized cannot be too long, less than ten words, needs to be remembered by others, and must be recognized by the circle within the decentralized organization.

For example, connecting families with love.