I only have Jiangsu area! !

Geography Midterm Review Outline:

Chapter 1 China’s Territory and Population

China’s Territory

The People’s Liberation Army and the People’s Republic of China The country is located in the east of Asia and on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. ?Both sea and land.

① Vast territory ② Land borders ③ 14 more land neighbors

Neighboring countries: Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, India, North Korea, Nepal, Tajikistan, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Afghanistan.

① Vast sea area ② Long coastline ③ Six countries across the sea

Facing each other across the sea: South Korea, Japan, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia.

The northernmost: Mohe 54° N; the easternmost: the confluence of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River 135°E. The southernmost: Zengmu Shoal 4°N. Westernmost: 73°E in the Pamir Plateau.

The total land area is about 9.6 million square kilometers, which is almost the same as the entire Europe. It ranks third among the countries in the world and is the largest country in the world.

Our country is an important maritime country in the world. The mainland coastline is more than 18,000 kilometers long, making it one of the countries with the longest coastline in the world. There are more than 6,500 islands with an area of ??more than 500 square meters distributed in my country's waters. The width of my country’s territorial waters is 22.22 kilometers (12 nautical miles). The sea area under our jurisdiction is about 3 million square kilometers.

Many neighboring countries: my country has a long land border of 20,000 square kilometers, with 14 bordering countries (jingle): East Korea, Northern Mongolia, Northeastern and Northwest Russia; Western Kazakhstan Gita Aba; Nidan in southwest India; and Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam in the south. There are 6 countries facing each other across the sea (jingle): Indonesia, Ma Wenfei, Japan and South Korea.

1.2 China’s administrative divisions

Historical administrative divisions: Current administrative divisions: my country’s current administrative divisions are basically divided into provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government), counties (autonomous counties, counties) level (city level) and town (township) level. There are 34 provincial-level administrative units in my country, including 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities and the two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao. Taiwan is an inalienable and sacred territory of our country.

The names, abbreviations and administrative centers of the 34 provincial administrative units Textbook: Volume 1 for eighth grade, page 8

2.3 China’s population

The largest number in the world : The fifth census: my country’s total population is 1.295 billion. The current population is 1.3 billion.

Growth faster: Uneven distribution: Tengchong? Mohe, the density of population distribution in my country.

Characteristics of places with large population Characteristics of places with small population

The eastern region has a large population;

The coastal, river and lake areas have a large population;

< p>Plains and basins have a large population;

Regions with developed economies and transportation have a large population;

Regions with dense towns and developed industries have a large population;

Han areas Large population. The western region has a small population;

Arid desert areas have a small population;

Mountains and plateaus have a small population;

Remote agricultural and animal husbandry areas have a small population;

p>

Most minority areas have small populations.

my country's population policy: Implementing family planning, controlling the quantity of the population, and improving the quality of the population is a long-term basic national policy of our country.

1.4 China’s population:

56 ethnic groups: my country is a united and unified multi-ethnic family, including Han, Zhuang, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Uyghur, Miao, etc. 56 members of a nationality. The Han people have a large population, accounting for nearly 92% of the country's total population; other ethnic groups account for only 8% and are called ethnic minorities.

Large mixed settlements and small settlements: the Han nationality is the most widely distributed, mainly concentrated in the east and central areas. Ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in the southwest, northwest and northeast regions. There are ethnic minorities living in concentrated areas in Han areas, and Han people also live in ethnic minority areas.

National customs: Mongolian Nationality? Naadam Conference; Yunnan Dai Nationality? Water Splashing Festival; Chinese Nationality? Dragon Boat Festival.

Chapter 2 China’s Natural Environment

2.1 China’s Terrain

The terrain is higher in the west and lower in the east: a three-step ladder shape. Mountains criss-cross: Mountain direction:

East-west direction: Tianshan Mountains, Yinshan Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Qinling Mountains, Nanling Mountains; north-south direction: Helan Mountain, Liupan Mountain, Hengduan Mountains. Northeast and southwest direction: Greater Hinggan Mountains, Taihang Mountains, Wushan Mountains, Xuefeng Mountains, Changbai Mountains, Wuyi Mountains, Taiwan Mountains, and Yushan Mountains. Northwest and southeast direction: Altai Mountains and Qilian Mountains; arc direction: Himalayas.

The Five Mountains of China: Mount Tai in the East; Mount Huashan in the West; Mount Heng in the South; Mount Heng in the North; and Mount Song in the Zhongyue

The terrain is complex and diverse: my country's terrain is higher in the west and lower in the east, distributed in a ladder shape . The crisscrossing mountains and complex and diverse terrain provide us with a rich and colorful natural landscape, and the production activities and lifestyles vary across the country. Four major plateaus: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: The highest plateau in the world, known as the "Roof of the World". The mountains are covered with snow all year round and are crisscrossed by glaciers.

Inner Mongolia Plateau: The plateau is flat and open, with deserts and Gobis in the northwest and fertile grasslands in the east and central parts. Loess Plateau: The area with the widest distribution of loess in the world.

Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: Most areas of the plateau have rugged terrain and widespread limestone.

Four major basins: Tarim Basin: the largest inland basin in my country. It contains the largest desert in my country, the Taklimakan Desert. Junggar Basin: the second largest basin in my country. Qaidam Basin: Known as the "treasure basin".

Sichuan Basin: Known as the "Purple Basin". The famous Chengdu Plain is located in the west of the basin, with developed agriculture and rich products. It is known as the "Land of Abundance".

Three major plains: Northeast Plain: black soil covers a vast area. North China Plain: The terrain is low and flat with very small ground slope.

The plains of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: my country’s famous “land of plenty”.

2.2 China’s climate

The climate is complex and diverse: There is a big difference in temperature between the north and the south in winter, with the south being warmer and the further north the temperature gets lower. High temperatures are common in the north and south in summer. my country's climate types are divided into temperate monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, tropical monsoon climate, temperate continental climate, and plateau and alpine climate.

The monsoon climate is significant: Although my country has diverse climate types, the monsoon climate is significant and the monsoon climate zone is the most extensive.

The influence of monsoon is the main reason for the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation. continental character.

Many special weather conditions: mainly cold waves, plum rains, typhoons, sandstorms, etc. Many droughts and floods. Floods are natural disasters that occur frequently and cause serious losses in my country. Drought is the climate disaster that has the greatest impact on agricultural production in my country, is the most common and has the widest distribution range.

2.3 Rivers in China

Mainly outflow areas: A drainage basin refers to a concentrated area of ??a river or water system. The water system refers to the water flow system composed of all large and small rivers in the basin, as well as lakes, swamps, underground rivers, etc. Rivers where surface and underground runoff finally flow into the ocean are called outflow rivers. The area where the outflow river is distributed becomes the outflow area. Rivers that do not eventually flow into the ocean, that is, rivers that flow into inland lakes or disappear into deserts, are called inland rivers. The area where inland rivers are distributed is called inland area.

The hydrological characteristics of my country's outflow rivers are deeply affected by the monsoon climate. Bounded by the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River, rivers in the south flow through humid areas with abundant water. Rivers in the northern region flow through semi-humid or semi-arid areas.

Compared with outflow rivers, the hydrological characteristics of inland rivers in China are obviously different. The largest freshwater lake in China is: Poyang Lake. Rolling Yangtze River: The Yangtze River originates from the Tanggula Mountains. Its main stream flows through 11 provinces including Qinghai and Tibet, and finally flows into the East China Sea. With a total length of 6,300 kilometers, it is the longest river in my country and the third longest river in the world. Upstream: source? Yichang; midstream: Yichang? Jiangxi Hukou; downstream: Jiangxi Hukou empties into Haikou. The middle section is called the "nine-turn ileum".

The Yellow River: The Yellow River is the second longest river in my country and one of the world's famous rivers. It originates from the Bayan Har Mountains, flows through 9 provinces and regions including Qinghai and Sichuan, and flows into the Bohai Sea, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers.

Chapter 3 China’s Natural Resources

3.1 Overview of Natural Resources

What are natural resources: Natural resources exist in nature and can provide benefits to mankind. Matter and energy.

Mainly include climate resources, water resources, land resources, biological resources, mineral resources and marine resources.

Characteristics of natural resources: The concept of natural resources is not static. In nature, the amount of natural resources is huge, but it is limited. The quality of natural resources varies from region to region. Our country’s natural resources are second only to those of the United States and Russia. Due to the constraints of certain causes, the distribution of natural resources has certain regularity, but they are generally uniform in regional distribution. The state of natural resources is constantly changing.

3.2 China’s land resources*June 25th World Land Day*Land is the stage for human life and production activities.

“More people but less land” is my country’s basic national condition. Complete types: Our country has complete types of land resources, forming various land types such as cultivated land, woodland, and grassland, which is conducive to adapting to local conditions. my country's grassland area is vast and ranks among the top in the world, providing good resource conditions for the development of animal husbandry. Our country is a Shaolin country. The cultivated land area in our country is less than 100 million hectares. my country’s land types: cultivated land, desert, woodland, grassland, Gobi, alpine desert, and rocky mountains. Obvious regional differences: The spatial distribution of land resources in my country is unbalanced, and regional differences in land productivity are obvious. my country's natural forest lands are mainly distributed in the northeast, southwest, and southeast mountainous areas. Most of the forest lands are artificial forests and secondary forests. my country's grasslands are mainly distributed in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia and the eastern and southern parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The quality of land resources in various regions of our country varies greatly. The northwest inland has sufficient sunlight and abundant heat, but is arid and rainless, with insufficient water resources and is dominated by grasslands and deserts. Cherish every inch of land:

3.3 China’s water resources ***World Water Day on March 22***

Regional distribution is very different: my country’s total amount of water resources is quite large. But the per capita amount of water is very low, about 1/4 of the world's per capita water. Uneven time distribution: The time distribution of my country's water resources is characterized by more summer and autumn, less winter and spring, and large actual changes.

Reasonable use of every drop of water: Due to the uneven distribution of water resources in our country, in order to make reasonable use of water resources, it is necessary to conduct cross-basin water diversion projects. ***Diversion of Yellow River to Qingdao***South-to-North Water Diversion***

3.4 China’s marine resources

Diverse biological resources: my country is rich in marine biological resources, with more than 20,000 species, including There are more than 3,000 kinds of fish, including more than 70 types of main economic fish. Large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker, hairtail and squid are the four famous seafood in my country.

Abundant mineral resources: The continental shelf along the coast of my country contains considerable amounts of oil and natural gas. my country's coastal placer reserves are very rich. Huge amounts of chemical resources: my country’s marine production is developing rapidly. Protecting "Blue Land": Our country has made great achievements in the development and utilization of marine resources, but it is also currently facing some serious problems.

Chapter 4 Regional Differences in China

4.1 Qinling-Huaihe River Line

Qinling and Huaihe: Qinling stretches across central my country, stretching 500 kilometers from east to west and wide from north to south. It reaches 100-150 kilometers, and the altitude is mostly 1500-2500 meters. The Huaihe River originates from Tongbai Mountain, flows eastward through Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces and into Hongze Lake, and then flows through Gaoyou Hunan into the Yangtze River.

The geographical significance of the Qinling-Huaihe River line: In the process of learning geography, geographical areas and geographical boundaries are very important. Geographic regions reflect geographical similarities within regions, and geographical boundaries reflect differences between regions.

The Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River are important geographical boundaries in eastern my country. There are significant differences in the natural environment, geographical landscape and residents' production and living habits on its north and south sides.

Page 77 of the first volume of the eighth grade. North of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River Line. South of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River Line.

Four major geographical regions: northern region, southern region, Qinghai-Tibet region, and northwest region. The dividing line between the north and the south is the Qinling-Huaihe River line. The dividing line between the north and northwest regions is the 400 mm annual precipitation line. The dividing line between Qinghai-Tibet and Northwest China is the boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The dividing line between the Qinghai-Tibet region and the southern region is the boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

§4.2 Northern Region and Southern Region

Northern Region: Overview: The Northern Region refers to the area north of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River in Northeast my country, accounting for about 20% of the country's area and about 20% of its population. 40% of the country. The Northeast Plain, North China Plain and Fenwei Plain in the region are important agricultural areas in my country. Culture: The northern region has a long history and culture, numerous historical sites and cultural tourism resources.

Crops: spring wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans, potatoes, sugar beets, etc. Temperate fruits: apples, pears, apricots, persimmons, dates, grapes, etc. Minerals: coal, iron, oil, etc.

Southern region: refers to the area south of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River and east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, including the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plains. The southern coastal region and the southwest region have three extraordinary features. The area accounts for about 1/4 of the country, and the population accounts for about 55% of the country. There are more than 30 ethnic minorities distributed in the western part of this region, and Yunnan Province is the province with the largest number of ethnic minorities in my country. Topography: The terrain of this area is high in the west and low in the east. The terrain is composed of plains, basins, plateaus and hills. There are many rivers and lakes in the plain area, and the water network is crisscrossed, which has the characteristics of a typical southern water town. Crops: rice, pigs, citrus, tea, silkworms, sugar cane, aquatic products and tropical crops. Minerals: copper ore, tungsten ore, mercury ore, tin ore, antimony ore, lead-zinc ore.

4.3 Qinghai-Tibet Region and Northwest China

Qinghai-Tibet Region: Overview: The Qinghai-Tibet Region mainly includes the Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province and the western part of Sichuan Province, accounting for about 25% of the country's area and population. It only accounts for about 1% of the national total. The main body of the Qinghai-Tibet region is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the "Roof of the World". Crops: barley, peas, wheat, rapeseed. Religion: Tibetan Buddhism. Terrain: There are mountains and mountains, glaciers are widespread, and transportation is very difficult. Highways: Sichuan-Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet, Xinjiang-Tibet, Yunnan-Tibet, China-Nepal, etc.

Northwestern region: Located north of the Great Wall, Qilian Mountains, Altun Mountains and Kunlun Mountains, it accounts for about 30% of the country's area and about 4% of its population. Ethnic minorities: Mongolian, Hui, Uyghur, Kazakh, etc.; Pastoral crops: meat, milk, leather, wool, etc.; Mineral resources: rare earth ores, nickel ores, coal, oil, lignite.

4.5 Supplementary Summary

Region

Northern Region

Southern Region

Qinghai-Tibet Region

< p>Northwestern region

Topographic features

Mainly plateaus and plains

Basins, plains, plateaus, hills

Highest altitude

p>

Plateaus and basins

Climate characteristics

Summer: high temperature and rainy

Winter: cold and dry

Plenty of water and heat< /p>

Sufficient sunshine, low temperature

Dry, sufficient sunshine

Main rivers

Sources of the Yellow River, Heilongjiang, Yangtze River, Pearl River, Yangtze River and Yellow River , Tarim River

Main minerals

Coal, iron, petroleum

Nonferrous metals

Potassium salt, petroleum

Coal, petroleum

Main crops

Wheat

Rice, sugar beet

Highland barley

Sugar beet

Politics Review Outline for Units 1-3 for Grade 2 in Nanjing City:

Fellow parents is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.

1. The meaning of family: P5

2. Family types: nuclear family, stem family, single-parent family, joint family

3. Establishment of family relationships : Marriage, childbirth, adoption, remarriage.

4. How do you understand the family relationship with your parents? P6

5. Honor your parents

(1) Honor your parents is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation;

(2) Honor your parents is a moral and legal requirement, It is our bounden duty

(3) Honoring parents means children respect, serve and support their parents. The most important of these is respect and love for parents.

(3) How should we honor our parents? P16

6. Several important understandings:

(1) What should we do when parents do immoral or illegal things? P17

( 2) How should we treat our parents and elders? Why? P17

Lesson 2: I make friends with my parents

1. What are the reasons for conflicts between us and our parents in adolescence?

(1) When we enter adolescence, we have our own thoughts and desire to be independent, eager to be taken seriously, and even challenge the authority of our parents;

(2) Our parents still treat us as children and are uneasy and Nagging, blaming, and then conflicts arise.

2. How to correctly understand the conflicts between us and our parents? P21

3. Generation gap and rebellious psychology

(1) The age gap between us and our parents is the direct cause of the generation gap. The essence of the generation gap is the multiple generations reflected behind the age difference. international differences.

(1) The main manifestations of rebellious psychology: P21

(2) How to correctly understand our rebellious psychology? P21

4. How do we correctly deal with the generation gap and conflicts with our parents?

(1) Get close to your parents, strive to cross the generation gap, and walk hand in hand with your parents;

(2) Learn to communicate and discuss with your parents. Through discussion, clarify differences and find a solution acceptable to both parties. Through communication, we can gain parents' understanding and even change their opinions.

(3) Master the essentials of communication with parents: mutual understanding is the prerequisite, respect and understanding are the key. The effective way to understand parents is to think from their perspective, and the result of communication is to seek common ground while reserving differences.

5. The art of communicating with parents:

(1) Appreciate your parents, and you will have no worries when communicating;

(2) Listen carefully, and avoid misunderstandings when communicating. ;

(3) Help your parents and have no barriers to communication;

(4) In family interactions, you don’t have to worry too much about your parents. Even if your parents are wrong, you should forgive them and don't have to fight to win or lose.

In the second unit, teachers and friends walk together

In the third lesson, peers make progress hand in hand

1. The meaning of interpersonal communication:

By actively interacting with students, the tree of friendship will be evergreen. If we are open to ourselves, our character will be more cheerful and our life will be more exciting.

2. The qualities a popular person should have: sincerity, kindness, responsibility, enthusiasm, friendliness, humor, etc.

3. How to understand friendship?

Friends bring us warmth, support and strength. We must cherish friendship; we must grasp friendship carefully and rationally in order to gain more friends and get true friendship.

4. Principles of making friends:

(1) Equality and reciprocity, (2) Tolerance and understanding; (2) When making friends, the so-called friendship cannot be maintained at the expense of principles; (3) ) is happy to make friends with criticism and is good at making friends with good friends.

5. Relationships between boys and girls in adolescence

(1) Why do you want to date the opposite sex?

(2) How can boys and girls interact normally and healthily?

① You must respect each other, and you must respect yourself and love yourself;

② You must be open to yourself, but also have a sense of proportion;

③ You must be proactive, enthusiastic, and Pay attention to the way, occasion, time and frequency of communication.

6. Emotions in adolescence

(1) Understanding: After entering puberty, it is normal, natural and beautiful for male and female classmates to develop feelings of affection and admiration.

(2) How to treat it?

We must treat the emotions between male and female students with caution, handle them rationally, learn to choose, learn to take responsibility, and learn to protect ourselves.

Lesson 4: The teacher accompanies me to grow up

1. Getting to know the teacher

(1) The importance of teacher-student interactions:

Teacher Student interaction not only affects the quality of our learning, but also affects our physical and mental development. Respecting teachers is the moral character we should have.

(2) Teachers are the disseminators of human civilization and engineers of the human soul. Even today with the rapid development of information technology, the role of teachers is still irreplaceable.

(3) Teachers teach us the principles of life and relieve our worries and sorrows. While teaching us knowledge, teachers also teach us how to learn and stimulate our enthusiasm for learning. Teachers help us grow. plays an irreplaceable role.

(4) If you establish a harmonious teacher-student relationship with your teacher, you can learn happily and make progress faster.

2. New concept of teacher-student interaction:

The new teacher-student relationship is based on democracy and equality. Teachers and students have equal personality, respect each other, learn from each other, and learn from each other. , teachers are our collaborators, guides and participants in learning, and they are our friends.

3. Active communication is the prerequisite for teacher-student interaction. Communication produces understanding, and understanding produces trust.

4. Specific methods of communicating with teachers:

(1) See the problem from the teacher’s perspective and learn to think from others’ perspective;

(2) Treat it correctly If the teacher's praise and criticism is correct, correct it and encourage it if it is not;

(3) Forgive the teacher's mistakes, point out the teacher's mistakes in an appropriate way, and do not hurt the teacher;

(4) Be polite to the teacher;

(5) Pay attention to the occasion;

(6) Keep a good balance.

Unit 3 Our friends are all over the world

Lesson 5 Multicultural "Global Village"

1. Cultural differences in different countries:

< p>KFC - American Tulips - Netherlands Eiffel Tower - France

Great Wall - Chinese Kimono - Japan Sydney Opera House - Australia

Bird's Nest - Thailand Pyramid - Taj Mahal of Egypt - India

Macaroni - Italian Tango - Argentine Football - Brazil

2. How to treat the cultures of different countries and nations?

There is no distinction between the cultures of different countries and nations. We must communicate with people of other countries and nations on an equal footing, respecting not only the value of our own culture, but also the value of the culture of other nations.

3. How to deal with differences between different cultures? P60

Lesson 6: New Time and Space of Network Communication

1. Characteristics of network communication: infinite, two-sided, advanced, and dangerous.

2. The two sides of online communication:

(1) Advantages: fast and convenient, expanding the scope of communication, broadening horizons, realizing one's own value, etc.;

(2) Negative effects: Long time online affects physical and mental health, addiction to the Internet ruins studies, temptations to commit fraud, violations of laws and disciplines, etc.

3. Psychological causes of Internet addicts: (P71)

< p>4. How should you protect yourself when communicating online? (P72)

5. What rules should be followed when communicating online?

(1) You cannot do whatever you want online, (2) You must abide by morality when communicating online, (3) You must abide by the law when surfing the Internet.

6. How to surf the Internet in a civilized manner? (P74～75)

7. What should we teenagers do about online communication?

As teenagers, we must establish lofty ideals, study diligently, think diligently, and use the Internet as an advanced tool and a supplement to life. We must consciously regulate our online behavior, surf the Internet in accordance with the law, surf the Internet in a civilized manner, and strive to purify the online environment and make it another space for people to live and study.

Unit 4: New Thoughts on the Art of Communication

Lesson 7: Friendly communication comes first with etiquette

1. Politeness and etiquette are the most direct manifestations of personal qualities. , is also the forefront of communication. Being polite in speech and behavior is a prerequisite for us to win the respect of others and is also one of the conditions for successful interactions.

2. The importance of civility and politeness: (P79)

3. Civilized language, friendly attitude, and dignified behavior are essential qualities for friendly interactions with others, as well as politeness towards others. reflect.

(1) Speak in a gentle manner, do not use forceful words, and do not use harsh words to hurt others;

(2) Speak in an elegant manner, and do not use foul language;

(3) With When talking to others, be humble and respectful to each other, speak in a consultative tone, and do not be arrogant or talk big.

5. Issues to pay attention to in social activities:

First, the appearance is clean, second, the clothing is neat, beautiful and generous, and third, the behavior is standardized.

6. The importance of etiquette:

Etiquette is not only a form, but also a symbol of the spiritual civilization of a person, a group and even a country. Consciously practicing etiquette is not only related to our own image, but also directly related to the people around us, to our collective, and even to the image of our nation and country.

7. The benefits of following etiquette requirements: (P84)

8. How to treat traditional etiquette? How to treat the etiquette of ethnic minorities? (P87, P88)

Lesson 8: Competition and cooperation for a win-win situation

1. The positive and negative effects of competition: (P90)

2. Jealousy Psychological understanding: Jealousy is a subtle, strong and hidden negative emotion. It is a negative psychology of punishing oneself with the achievements of others, which is very harmful to our development.

3. The basic norms that must be observed in the competition process are ethics and law.

4. The purpose of competition is to surpass oneself, develop potential, stimulate enthusiasm for learning, improve work efficiency, learn from each other's strengths and make progress together.

5. The relationship between cooperation and sharing: Cooperation is the basis of sharing, and sharing is the inevitable result of cooperation.

6. The core of cooperation is to promote the spirit of collectivism.

7. The core of "863 Spirit" is "dedication of unity and cooperation"

8. The importance of cooperation:

Cooperation can gather strength and inspire Thinking, broadening horizons, stimulating creativity, and cultivating compassion, altruism and dedication. A person with a cooperative spirit and ability can easily obtain support and help from others to achieve success.

9. The connotation of competition in cooperation:

On the one hand, the full cooperation of the group encourages competition among members; on the other hand, competition among members promotes the improvement of the group's competitiveness. .

10. How to compete in cooperation? (P96)

11. New competition concept: (P97)

12. How to face success and failure? (P97)

13. The relationship between competition in cooperation and cooperation in competition: (P98)

14. What is the true meaning of cooperation in competition? (P98)

15. How to handle relationships with others in competition and cooperation? (P98)

16. What is team spirit?

17. The core of team spirit is collectivism, cooperation, sharing, dedication, and the subordination of personal interests to collective interests.

Lesson 9: Be open to others

Tolerance is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation and an essential moral quality for contemporary people.

1. "Harmony without difference" and seeking common ground while reserving differences are the basis for our tolerance and cooperation.

2. Why is it said that one is good at tolerating others and benefiting oneself? (P104)

3. Tolerance is principled and cannot be blind. Don't be fussy about your family, classmates, and friends, but be generous and kind to others. Of course, we will never accommodate "bad people" or "evil people". No concessions should be made on matters of principle.

3. “Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you” means: P105

4. Caring about, respecting and understanding others means “do not do to others what you don’t want others to do to you.” The essence of "for people".

5. The essence of empathy and being kind to others is to put yourself in others’ shoes, that is, think about what others think, and understand first.

6. Empathy is a process of psychological experience between people. Empathizing with others and putting themselves in their shoes are indispensable psychological mechanisms for achieving understanding.

Equality is the eternal theme pursued by mankind, and respect is the cornerstone of modern civilization.

7. Understanding of equality: Equality between people is concentrated in the equality of personality and legal status. In terms of personality, everyone is a subject with independent consciousness and has human dignity, which should not be underestimated. In terms of legal status, everyone equally enjoys statutory rights and equally performs statutory obligations.

8. What are vulnerable groups? What can we do to help them?

Vulnerable groups are a general term for those at a disadvantage in society. Such as: disabled people, women, elderly people, minors.

To treat them, we should first treat them equally and respect their personal dignity; secondly, we should try our best to help them and consciously safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

9. Respecting others requires us to be polite, equal, honest, friendly, and fully understand others.

10. Respect for society: (P112)

11. The core of respecting nature is protecting the environment. Human beings come from nature, and human beings cannot survive without the gifts of nature. Human beings have the obligation to respect nature, otherwise they will be punished by it. Protecting the environment is our country's long-term basic national policy.

Lesson 10: Live with integrity forever

Honesty and trustworthiness are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. Integrity is the basic principle of dealing with others.

1. What is integrity? P115

2. The meaning of "a gentleman's words are hard to follow" and "a man without faith does not know what he can do". (P115, P116)

3. Being trustworthy to people and being responsible for things are the basic requirements of integrity. Adhering to trustworthiness is reflected in actions, which is reflected in a positive and responsible attitude. "Being an honest person and doing honest things" is the code of conduct that people advocate. Doing things in earnest is the guarantee for personal success and career success.

4. Keeping promises and keeping promises are the core of our honest life.

5. Relationship of honesty and trust. (P119)

6. Code of Integrity

(1) Adhere to seeking truth from facts;

(2) When it comes to conflicts of interest, the Code of Integrity requires us to stand on the side of Side with the interests of the majority;

(3) When there is a conflict between immediate interests and long-term interests, the Code of Integrity requires us to stand on the side of long-term interests;

(4) In the conflict between emotion and law , the Code of Integrity requires us to stand on the side of the law.

7. How to deal with the relationship between being honest with others and respecting privacy? (P122)

8. Integrity and lying are incompatible. Are “white lies” dishonest? Why? (P123)

9. The core of integrity is kindness.