First, the potato planting time
Potato planting time is generally from mid-late April to early May. Choose a sandy soil plot with fertile and loose soil to plant potatoes, and apply base fertilizer after soil preparation. If there are many underground pests in the field, you can also sprinkle some pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and phoxim to play a certain role in prevention and control. Cut the pre-treated germinated potatoes into three or four pieces, soil them with lime soil, sow them at an interval of15cm, cover them with soil, properly fertilize and water them, and replant the potatoes in time after they emerge.
Second, the potato planting method
1, land selection and soil preparation
Choose the land with rich soil and loose soil, among which sandy land is the best for potato cultivation. Dig as deep as possible when preparing the soil, refine the soil, and then apply base fertilizer. According to different plots, different fertilizers are applied to the base fertilizer. In general, if there is farm manure, you can apply decomposed farm manure. If there is no farm manure, apply 100 kg compound fertilizer per mu, which can be increased or decreased appropriately according to the specific conditions of the land.
2. Sow seeds
Potatoes should be taken out and germinated at a certain temperature about ten days before sowing. When the buds grow to the size of fingernails, they should be taken outdoors to dry. Before sowing, the potatoes should be cut. A potato can be cut into three or four pieces according to the germination situation, and then it can be sown with lime soil. The interval is about 15 cm, cover with a layer of soil with a thickness of about 2 cm, and apply fertilizer once when sowing. The fertilizer should be mainly farmyard manure, and if the soil is too dry, water it.
3. Field management
After the emergence of potatoes, it is necessary to check and replenish the seedlings in time. If there is a lack of seedlings, it is necessary to replenish the seedlings in time. In view of the weeds in the field, you can choose artificial weeding if you can. If you use herbicides, you should pay attention to the phytotoxicity. The commonly used herbicides are sulfuron-methyl, high-efficiency flufenpropargyl, bentazone, pendimethalin and so on.
4. Harvest
When the plant stops growing and most of the stems and leaves are yellow, the tubers are easily separated from the stolons, the periderm becomes hard, the specific gravity increases, and the dry matter content reaches the highest limit, which is the optimal harvest period of edible tubers. The tubers should be harvested 5-7 days in advance to reduce the adverse effects of high temperature in the later growth period and improve the seed quality.
Introduction of potato
Potato belongs to panicum miliaceum of Solanaceae. The stems on the ground are rhombic and hairy. The leaves are simple when they are born, and gradually grow into odd and unequal pinnate compound leaves, alternating in size and oval to oblong; The corymb grows at the top, and the flowers are white or blue-purple; The fruit is a berry; Tubers oblate or spherical, glabrous or puberulent; Potato skin is white, reddish or purple; Potato meat has white, light yellow, yellow and other colors. Flowering in summer. Potatoes are named after their resemblance to horse bells.
Potatoes originated in South America, spread to India in the16th century, and then spread to China, and are now cultivated in most areas. Potato likes cold, cool and dry climate, and has strong adaptability. Loose and fertile sandy soil is suitable, with short growth cycle and high yield. Because seed propagation will lead to character separation, the most common propagation method of potato is asexual tuber propagation.
The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Potato (Solanaceae Solanum)