Fruitful crucian carp

Fruitful crucian carp is a new all-female crucian carp species cultivated by the Fish Research Office of South China Normal University with the use of fish cell engineering technology, which has the advantages of fast production speed, beautiful body shape, adaptability, tender meat and will not naturally spawn in fish ponds resulting in a full of young fish, etc. The fish species can be mixed or main-culture in ponds that year, and at the end of the year, the average weight can reach more than 400 grams. Fertile crucian carp fish species in the year for pond mixed culture or main culture, to the end of the year, the average weight can reach more than 400 grams, the production speed and group production are better than ordinary crucian carp more than 25%. The breeding conditions of productive crucian carp are basically the same as those of other crucian carp, and the requirements for pond environment are not high, with a wide range of food habits, few diseases and strong resistance to adversity.

2. California bass

California bass, formerly known as the largemouth bass, taxonomically belongs to the order Perciformes, the sunfish family, native to the Mississippi River system in California, the United States, is a kind of meat, disease resistance, rapid growth, easy to catch, the temperature of the wider range of valuable carnivorous fish. Now through the introduction of species, has been widely distributed in the United States, Canada and other freshwater waters, especially in the Great Lakes, resources are very rich. At present, California perch has also been introduced to Britain, France, South Africa, Brazil, the Philippines and other countries. It was introduced to Taiwan Province of China in the 1970s and has been bred for several generations. Guangdong Shenzhen, Huiyang, Foshan and other places also introduced California perch fry in 1983, and in 1985 one after another successful artificial reproduction. Breeding of fish fry has been introduced to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Shandong and other places of culture, and have achieved better economic benefits.

California perch has been tried and tested, can be mixed with domestic fish in the pond or monoculture, but also in the clear water pond intensive culture. Because of its solid meat, meat flavor, plus live on the market, in restaurants and hotels in the aquarium can also allow diners to watch the selection, so for the local bass and Mandarin fish is not as good as, can be described as the top of the fish, very best-selling, the price is also higher. In addition, the California perch can be angled by tourists, so by the majority of anglers around the world favorite, which is undoubtedly on the development of angling fisheries, attracting tourists sightseeing, increase economic income is very favorable.

California perch grows faster, the year the breeding of the fry can grow to 0.5 kilograms, reaching the market specification. One week old fish on sexual maturity, can be reproduced, whether in the pool of monoculture or fish ponds in mixed culture, can effectively control the fish ponds in the wild fish and shrimp and tilapia overpopulation, can be said to be a multi-purpose, so it is worth vigorously promote the excellent breeding varieties.

3. Lilac

The European lilac is widely distributed in major inland rivers and lakes in Europe, with the Czech Republic, Hungary, Spain predominant. She with its unique green, yellow, blue, white four kinds of performance color of the body surface and tender meat, delicious taste, high nutritional value, over the centuries has been favored by European consumers, is a delicacy on the table of the Europeans; and is an important fishing tour, ornamental fish. Hubei Province, foreign famous fish base and Wuhan Asia-Pacific Fisheries Company in May 1998 for the first time from the Czech Republic will be introduced into our country.

I. Biology

1, food: the most important food species is zooplankton, artificial culture can be fed a variety of mixed commercial feed; zooplankton and benthic animals are the main food of 2-year-old lugubrious, artificial culture can be fed a variety of feed. The favorite food of 3-year-old bighead carps is pellet food. The food competition between dingui and bighead carp is fierce, and the conflict with grass carp is much lower.

2, growth: the common individual Ding Gui is about 0.5 kilograms, some up to 3-4 kilograms, the largest individual up to 8 kilograms. In central and southern China, the young fish of the year generally up to 100-400 grams, to the second year up to 500 grams -1200 grams.

3, habitats: Dinggui like to live in lush aquatic plants, dissolved oxygen in rivers, reservoirs, lakes; resistance to low oxygen, the skin has a respiratory function, away from the water for quite a long time does not die; suitable for PH 6-7 to 9-10; survival temperature of 1-40 ℃, suitable for growth temperature of 14-28 ℃.

Second, butternut squid pond culture

1, fry fish breeding: (1) fish production: can be used in cement pond cultivation and pond culture method. Cement ponds can put 2000-3000 flowers per cubic meter, ponds can put 3-5 million flowers per mu. Attention should be paid to the supply of bait supplementation, openings can eat very small zooplankton and plants is very important, every day can be allocated to sprinkle soybean milk, with conditions can be fed to the fungus worm. Shade cloth should be added on the cement pond to prevent the water temperature from rising too fast; the traditional method of fertilizing the pond can be used for pond culture, but attention should be paid to the density and size of plankton, and the water quality should be adjusted at the right time. After 30 days of cultivation, the specification of fish fry can reach 3-5㎝. (2) Cultivation of Fish Species: Fish species can be cultivated in cement ponds and ponds. Cement pond cultivation can put 1,000-2,000 2-3㎝ fry per cubic meter, and it is necessary to fish in larvae every day, and the best commercial feed is granular material, and it is necessary to fill water regularly to improve the water quality; pond cultivation can put 5,000-8,000 2-3㎝ fry per mu, and it is possible to adopt the method of cultivation of large grasses and the method of cultivation of inorganic fertilizers. In the late stage of cultivation, it can be fed with cakes and compound feed to supplement. After 2 months of cultivation, the specification of fish can reach 8-15㎝ and the yield can reach 300-600kg/mu.

2. Adult fish culture: the pond area is 3-5 mu, and there can be water plants. Stock 1000-1500 fish species (8-15㎝) per mu. Feed the compound feed containing 32-34% crude protein; when fertilizing the main culture, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer can be used in combination; inorganic fertilizer can solve the problem of rapid worm breeding, while organic fertilizer can enrich the plankton species and provide stable nutrient source, but pay attention to the water quality regulation, and add new water appropriately. After 8-10 months of breeding, mu net output of butean can reach 500-1000 kilograms.

In Europe, the dingui is often used with carp in aquaculture. Hubei Province, foreign famous fish base conducted a test of mixed culture of butternut and sunfish, the effect is still relatively ideal. If found in the breeding process, such as small melon disease, parasitic infection, etc. Available 1% Nacl solution shower control.

Third, the fish net box culture:

1, the net box size: the net box selection of the culture of lilac recommended size: small: 2 × 2 × 1.5m, in the middle: 4 × 4 × 4m, large: 8 × 8 × 5m. Low-yield designers (10-40kg /m3) per cubic meter of stocking 10-50 tails, the middle designers (60-160kg /m3), the middle designers (60-150kg /m3), the middle designers (60-160kg /m3), the middle designers (60-160kg /m3). 160kg /m3) 50-150 tails per cubic meter, and 150-250 tails per cubic meter for high yield designers ((180-350kg /m3)).

2, feeding: the crude protein content of farmed dingui fish feed, fish species stage is recommended to use feed containing 38-44% crude protein, adult fish stage to use feed containing 34-36% crude protein. The daily baiting frequency is mainly increased or decreased with the change of water temperature. When the water temperature is low, the feeding quantity of the fish is low, and the digestion and absorption are slow, so the daily feeding times should be less; on the contrary, the feeding quantity of the fish is large, and the feeding times should be more. In winter, depending on the weather conditions, the fish can be fed in small quantities at irregular intervals. 13℃, according to the fish's activities, the fish should be fed once every one to two days. When the water temperature is 15 ℃, baiting 2 times a day; about 20 times a day baiting 4 times; more than 25 times a day baiting 6 times. Daily feeding, each time a handful of small amount of feeding, a handful of eating before spreading the second handful. At the beginning of the feeding, to cast less, slow casting, when most of the fish in the net box of cinereous fish are up to compete for food, you can put more big cast some. When the vast majority of the fish are no longer up to grab food, and should be a small handful of less investment, slow casting, so that the fish ate to eighty percent full can be.

3, daily management: regularly clear the net box on the mud moss and other attachments. Check the net box has no damage, to prevent running fish. Inside the box during the high temperature season, hang bleach to disinfect.

Dungeness fish in the net box after 10-13 months of breeding, specifications up to 0.5-0.7 kg. Each cubic meter of fish production is about 5-35 kilograms for low-yield designers, 50-105 kilograms for medium-yield designers, and 120-175 kilograms for high-yield designers. (Source: Hubei Institute of Aquatic Sciences famous fish base)?

4. Tiger frog

Tiger frog is the second class of national protected animals, its optimal growth temperature of 22 ℃ - 28 ℃, the temperature below 4 ℃ or 35 ℃ above, easy to cause death. When the temperature is lower than 12℃, it stops eating and starts hibernating, and ends hibernation when the temperature rises to 16℃ in spring. The tadpoles of the year can grow to about 150g after 6 months (May-October) of feeding. The nutrition and meat quality of tiger frogs are comparable to that of wild spiny-breasted frogs, which are now less in number and more difficult to be cultured artificially, and only tiger frogs can replace them.

5. Raw fish

Snakehead snakehead, also known as blackfish, is a kind of carnivorous ferocious fish, it is the same with the fish to fish, shrimp and other food. But its predatory method is different from Gan fish, never actively chase prey. Channa often lurks in the turbid water, grassy shallow water area, if the water is clear, slow or calm, it is more hidden in the water under the grass or in the static water layer. When catching food, it never uses its strong body and fast swimming ability to hunt down small fish, but instead uses cunning means to achieve the purpose of hunting down food. When it discovers a small fish, it hides in the nearby water plants, quietly spying, waiting for the other side to relax their vigilance, swimming to its neighborhood, suddenly rushed forward, in a sudden attack, a bite of the small fish to swallow.

6. Grass carp

Grass carp, lively, swim quickly, often in groups to feed. It is a typical herbivorous fish. Overwintering in deep water in dry streams or lakes. Parent fish have anadromous habits during the reproductive season. Has been transplanted to many countries in Asia, Europe, the United States and Africa. Because of its rapid growth and wide source of feed, it is one of the four major fish in freshwater aquaculture in China.

7. Pangolin

Pangolin, carp-shaped order, carp family. The body is extended, the abdomen is round, the head is short, and the muzzle is round and blunt. The mouth is inferior, and the anterior part of the upper and lower jaws have keratinized edges, which are suitable for scraping underwater attachments. In natural water bodies, pangolins will lick and scrape attached organisms (e.g., green algae, diatoms, filamentous algae, etc.) from rocks and other objects on the bottom of the water, as well as ingesting organic matter in the silt. It is suitable for mixed culture.

In addition, its gill rakers are more tightly arranged, but also part-time filter-feeding mode, can feed on phytoplankton in the water. Organic debris and zooplankton are also food for the pangolin. In captivity, pangolins can consume a variety of artificially fed diets. At the fry stage, zooplankton is the main food.　

The pangolin prefers to live in areas where the water temperature is high, and begins to die when it falls below 7 degrees Celsius. Mainly distributed in the Pearl River system, Hainan Island, Taiwan, Minjiang, Lancang River and Yuanjiang River. Pangolins take plants as their main food, often scraping living algae with the horny edge of their jaws on top of rocks and other things underwater, including diatoms, green algae, and the debris of higher plants and underwater humus. It also prefers pig dung, cow dung and some commercial feeds such as peanut bran and rice bran. Pangolins are sexually mature at the age of 3; mature parents in rivers come in batches to certain sections of the river during floods to come into heat, chase, spawn, and make the "cooing" sound of courtship, laying half-floating, half-submerged eggs; and drift downstream. The pangolin breeds from late April to early July, with the peak season from early May to mid-June. Pangolins are demersal fish with low requirements for dissolved oxygen and can adapt to more fertile water. When the water temperature is 20 to 28 ℃, dissolved oxygen is less than 1 mg / liter, pangolin can still feed normally; dissolved oxygen as low as 0.24 mg / liter does not appear to be suffocated. Therefore, pangolins can be stocked at high densities, generally about 1,000 per 667 square meters.　

Because the pangolin has the advantages of a wide source of feed, adapted to the environment of the fatter water, stronger resistance to disease, group production and so on, and thus become a must-feed species of fish farming in southern ponds. The pangolin can eat the algae and organic debris under the water, so it is also known as the pond's "scavenger", the fat water pond is a must have pangolin can not be.

8. Spotted catfish

Spotted catfish (Ietalurus Punetaus), also known as ditch catfish, pincer fish, belonging to the catfish, catfish family fish. Native to North America, is a large freshwater fish, with miscellaneous food, fast growth, wide adaptability, disease resistance, meat quality and other advantages. U.S. fork-tailed catfish since 1985 from the United States introduced the original species for domestication, in 1989 breeding success, after more than a decade of development, Jiayu County has built the country's largest fork-tailed catfish fry breeding and supply base.

Can also enter the brackish and freshwater water life. Now one of the major freshwater aquaculture species in the United States. Spotted fork-tailed catfish is the Hubei Provincial Institute of Aquatic Sciences in 1984 with the cloud catfish at the same time the introduction of a catfish, after several years of research and promotion of aquaculture, confirmed that the species is suitable for most areas of our country farming.

9. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), catfish, Coryphaenidae, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. It is also known as the yellow raditional, GaYaZi, yellowfin fish, yellow spiny bone, widely distributed in the major water systems in eastern China. It lives in still water or slow-flowing shallows, and emerges day and night. Body length 123-143mm, omnivorous, staple benthic invertebrates, food for small fish, aquatic insects and other small aquatic animals. spawning in April-May, the parent fish have the habit of digging pits to build nests and protect the offspring. In the reproductive period, the male fish have the habit of nesting.

The Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is mostly active in still water or slow-flowing rivers, and lives in a benthic habitat. During the day, it inhabits the bottom layer of the lake, and at night, it swims to the upper layer of the water to feed. The ability to adapt to the environment is strong, because it can also live in poor environmental conditions. Juvenile fish mostly forage along the shoreline of rivers and lakes.　

The fish is a warm water fish. The survival temperature is 0~38℃. The optimal growth temperature is 25~28℃, pH range is 6.0~9.0, and the optimal pH is 7.0~8.4. The ability to tolerate low oxygen is average. When the dissolved oxygen in the water is above 3mg/L, the growth is normal, when it is lower than 2mg/L, the floating head appears, and when it is lower than 1mg/L, it will suffocate and die.

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