Eat less: potatoes, yam, taro, lotus root, onion, carrot, lard, sheep oil, cream, butter, peanuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds, egg yolk, liver and kidney, brain.
Edible: coarse grains such as buckwheat, oatmeal, corn flour, soybeans, bean products, vegetables, etc.
Diabetes patients are prone to hypoglycemia during treatment, and hypoglycemia will occur if blood sugar drops too fast. Adults with diabetes usually suffer from hypoglycemia due to skipping meals, delaying meals or strenuous exercise. Symptoms of mild hypoglycemia include oral paralysis, cold skin, chest trembling and hunger. How to treat it? You just need to eat ready-made sugar. Drink sweet drinks, such as orange juice or soda water, or eat a piece of candy, and take candy with you just in case.
Diabetes and fruit
Many people always think that people with diabetes can't eat fruit, but this is not entirely correct. Whether you eat fruit or not depends entirely on your own situation. It doesn't mean that you can't eat any fruit if you have diabetes.
This kind of fruit tastes good and can supplement vitamins. Therefore, no matter who you are, you should eat some fruits to supplement the vitamins you need. The key is how to eat them. It must be affirmed that fruit contains sugar. One thing is that diabetics can only eat fruit if their blood sugar is well controlled. Don't eat grapes, bananas, lychees, dates and red fruits with high glucose. You can eat pears, peaches, strawberries and grapefruit. It is ok to eat 1-2 fruits a day. Eating watermelon, eating a catty a day is also ok. Fruit can be eaten as a snack or before meals. If you can measure your blood sugar or urine sugar before eating fruit and two hours after eating fruit, it will be very helpful to know if you can eat this fruit.
Diabetes and cellulose
Cellulose is a polysaccharide compound. Dietary fibres includes crude fiber, semi-crude fiber and lignin. The role of cellulose:
(1) helps E.coli to synthesize multivitamins.
② Cellulose has a small specific gravity and a large volume, occupying a large space in the gastrointestinal tract, which makes people feel full and is beneficial to lose weight.
③ Cellulose has a large volume, which can stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, increase the secretion of digestive juice, enhance gastrointestinal peristalsis, and prevent and treat diabetic constipation.
④ High fiber diet can slow down the absorption of sugar by delaying gastric emptying, changing intestinal transit time and forming soluble fiber gel in the intestine. It can also reduce the secretion of intestinal hormones such as gastric inhibitory peptide or glucagon, reduce the stimulation to islet B cells, reduce insulin release, increase the sensitivity of peripheral insulin receptors, and thus strengthen glucose metabolism.
⑤ Recent studies have proved that high fiber diet can increase insulin receptor binding on monocytes of patients with type I diabetes, thus saving insulin demand.
It can be seen that eating a high-fiber diet for diabetic patients can not only improve hyperglycemia, reduce the dosage of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, but also help to lose weight and prevent constipation.
Foods that do not contain cellulose include: chicken, duck, fish, meat, eggs and so on. Foods containing a lot of cellulose include coarse grains, bran, vegetables and beans. Therefore, it is suggested that diabetics eat more foods rich in cellulose, such as beans and fresh vegetables. At present, most domestic plant fiber foods are made of rice bran, bran, distiller's grains, beet chips, pumpkins, corn husks, seaweed, etc., which have a certain effect on lowering blood sugar and blood lipid.
Principles to be followed in diet of diabetic patients
The dietary arrangement of diabetic patients is an important content in the treatment of diabetes. The basic knowledge of "eating" is what patients must master, because patients arrange their own diet and daily life, and only stay in hospital when there are serious complications.
Some patients think that eating sugar will increase blood sugar and diabetes can be controlled without eating food. This understanding is incorrect. Food is necessary, and the diet of diabetics should be a balanced diet with enough calories. According to the patient's standard weight and labor intensity, determine the total calories needed every day. 50%-55% of total calories should come from carbohydrates, mainly provided by grains; 15%-20% of heat should be provided by protein; The remaining 25%-30% of calories should be provided by fat, which includes edible oil. If you don't eat food or seldom eat food, your calorie supply depends on protein and fat. In the long run, the chances of suffering from arteriosclerosis, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction and vascular stenosis or occlusion of lower limbs will increase greatly. If you don't eat food, you are easy to get ketosis.
At present, there are "sugar-free" foods on the market, which generally means that these foods are made of sweeteners without adding white sugar. Newt healthy sugar is a dipeptide sugar composed of aspartic acid and phenylalanine, which is a good sweetener. When eating all kinds of foods made of sweeteners and wheat flour, these foods such as wheat flour or rice flour should be counted in the prescribed amount of staple food and cannot be eaten at will. After eating too much, blood sugar will rise.
Since I dare not eat more sweets, can I eat more meat? I think too much meat food will also increase the blood lipid of patients and increase the chance of coronary heart disease. Meat food provides higher calories, and patients tend to gain weight. Therefore, the intake of meat food should be calculated in the protein and the distribution of fat.
Diabetic patients should eat more meals in small quantities. Eating more meals a day and less per meal can reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and help to control blood sugar smoothly.
In addition, the diet of diabetic patients should be low in salt and fat and eat more fresh vegetables. Regarding eating fruit, I think the diet of diabetics is a balanced diet that controls the total calories. According to the quantity of calories contained in food, we have established that 90 kilocalories are exchanged for each food. For example, 25 grams of rice is 1, and 200 grams of apples are 1. If a patient needs 1800 kilocalories a day, it is 20 servings. Grain accounts for 10. If you eat 1 apple, you will eat 25g less rice. Eating fruit should also be included in the total calories. Don't eat it at the same time as dinner. It is more appropriate to eat it as a meal between meals. Patients need to master the method of food exchange.
Nutritional principles of diabetic patients
If we can't pay attention to diet and nutrition, type 2 diabetes can't be effectively controlled, and it may develop into related cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity. Therefore, diabetic patients should be supplemented with proper nutrition and follow the correct dietary principles.
Nutritional principles for diabetic patients include:
Moderate weight control.
25%-30% of the total calories in the diet should come from fats and oils.
Carbohydrate supply accounts for 55%-65% of total calories, mainly composed of complex carbohydrates and carbohydrates rich in soluble food cellulose, such as vegetables and whole wheat foods.
Protein does not exceed 15% of total heat.
The choice of food can be guided according to different food varieties in different countries and local conditions.
Patients who take oral hypoglycemic drugs or use insulin should evenly distribute their food intake every day.
Limit alcohol consumption, alcohol will lead to hypoglycemia in patients receiving sulfonylureas or insulin treatment.
Non-caloric sweeteners (sorbitol and fructose) can be used.
The salt limit is within 10g/ day.
Take these foods as the basis of every meal, such as beans, lentils, broad beans, wheat, rice, fresh fruits (without sugar) and vegetables. Supply a small amount of food containing protein, such as fish, seafood, eggs, lean meat, skinless chicken, nuts, low-fat cheese, yogurt and milk. Minimum intake of fat, sugar and alcohol, such as fat, butter and oil.
Dietary therapy for diabetes mellitus
1. Drink millet oil to treat diabetes: cook porridge with about 50g of high-quality millet every morning. After cooking, precipitate for a while, skim off the upper "oily" soup and drink it about half an hour before breakfast. The rest of the millet will be eaten when eating, which has a good auxiliary treatment effect on diabetes. Drink it once every morning for three months.
2, tea powder to treat diabetes: experiments have proved that tea powder contains ingredients that can lower blood sugar, so it can treat diabetes. If you quote tea powder 4-5 times a day (about 200 grams), you will feel very refreshed and energetic, and you don't have to worry about urine sugar.
3, potato treatment: cook potatoes, filter with gauze or filter, leaving most of the starch, and then add the seasoning you eat at home to make soup.
4, pig pancreas soup treatment: add 60 grams of corn silk to pig pancreas and boil it in water. Corn silk must be carefully dried and preserved, about 20-40 grams a day. Generally, Chinese medicine shops have corn stigma.
Diet control and misunderstanding of diabetic patients
After entering the era of ample food and clothing, people suddenly found that the number of diabetic patients around them was increasing rapidly. It is estimated that there are more than 20 million diabetic patients in China, and so far no cure has been found for this disease. In the treatment of diabetes, the patient's own diet control is very important. Here is a brief introduction to the dietary precautions of diabetic patients.
First of all, we should pay strict attention to diet. The daily staple food does not exceed 500 grams, and the older men do not exceed 600 grams. No more than 3 teaspoons of oil a day; Meat does not exceed150g or fish does not exceed 250g. It is best not to eat melon seeds and peanuts. If you want to eat, you should also count it into the total calories. Eat more vegetables, but eat less onions, garlic sprouts, carrots, lilies and lotus roots. Containing more sugar or starch.
Second, the diet misunderstanding:
1, I think it's good to eat more soy products. In fact, eating too much soy products will increase the burden on the kidneys, especially those with diabetes and nephropathy.
2. Eat peanuts and melon seeds when you are hungry. Some patients even don't understand: "My staple food control is very strict, why is my blood sugar still very high?" In fact, they don't know that 18 peanuts or a handful of melon seeds can hold the heat of 25 grams of staple food or an egg! The fourth misunderstanding is that eating too much staple food and animal oil is harmful, so I don't eat staple food but eat more meat and eat vegetarian oil casually. This is extremely unscientific. Not eating staple food will cause imbalance in nutrient intake, which will lead to aggravation of the disease, and excessive consumption of vegetable oil is no less harmful than animal oil.
Of course, besides diet control, active treatment is the key to the rehabilitation of diabetic patients. Therefore, as long as the correct treatment and diet are adopted, diabetes is not incurable.
Dietary guidance for diabetic patients
Diabetes is a lifelong disease, and the treatment of diabetes should adhere to the comprehensive treatment methods of dietotherapy, physiotherapy and drug treatment. Among them, diet therapy is the most basic treatment. If you control it well, you can live a normal life. Therefore, diabetic patients should pay attention to the following points in their daily diet:
1. Psychological preparation for dietotherapy: At the initial stage of dietotherapy for diabetics, it is a very hard thing for patients and their families. In the contradiction between wanting to eat more and not wanting to eat more, and loving and not wanting to eat, we must understand the relationship between the occurrence, development and prognosis of diabetes and dietotherapy, strengthen our confidence and insist on dietotherapy.
2. Properly control the amount of staple food: Under normal circumstances, patients at rest eat 250-300g of staple food (rice, flour, corn, millet, buckwheat, etc. ) every day; 350-400g per day for light manual workers; Heavy manual workers 450-550g per day. Foods with high carbohydrate content, such as sweet potato, potato, yam, lotus root, vermicelli, vermicelli, etc. , eat can be reduced accordingly. After the blood sugar drops and urine sugar (+) decreases, the staple food can also be appropriately increased by 25-50g. The staple food should be eaten in rotation or mixed to improve the nutritional value. Patients should pay attention to summarizing the changing rules between meals and blood sugar and urine sugar, so as to achieve stable condition, fixed staple food, fluctuating condition and timely adjustment. It is necessary to master it flexibly and apply it concretely to meet the needs of the body and keep the weight within the standard range.
3. Controlling diet does not mean eating as little as possible, because long-term hunger and insufficient calories will lead to the body's own consumption, which will not only lead to weight loss and weakened resistance, but also aggravate diabetes. Therefore, diabetic patients should follow the doctor's advice, reasonably arrange the appropriate proportion of daily total calories, protein, fat and carbohydrates, and make their own ideal recipes.
4. The daily meal time and quantity of diabetic patients should remain stable. Try not to eat snacks, quit smoking and drinking.
5. Middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes and patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia should strictly limit the intake of cholesterol in the diet. Animal fat and viscera contain high cholesterol, so you should eat less or not, and no more than two eggs a day.
6, the food should be coarse and not fine. Within the quantitative range of staple food, try to eat coarse grains, beans and vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables, such as rape, Chinese cabbage, leeks, spinach and celery. These foods are not only rich in vitamins and inorganic salts, but also contain more crude fiber, which can effectively prevent blood sugar from being absorbed too fast, and also have the functions of lowering cholesterol, preventing arteriosclerosis and preventing constipation.
7. Strictly limit sucrose and sweets. People with diabetes should not eat sugar, candy, honey, sweets and sugary drinks. These high-sugar foods are easily absorbed by the human body, which promotes the increase of blood sugar and aggravates the burden on the pancreas, thus aggravating the condition.
8, patients and their families should learn some knowledge of nutritional therapy, basic grasp the main nutrients contained in commonly used food, especially the sugar content. At the same time, we should know which foods can be eaten more, which foods can be eaten less and which foods can be fasted. Be sure to have a clear idea of how to exchange foods with equal nutritional value.
9. Whether diabetics can eat fruits is a matter of great concern to patients and their families. Fruit contains high fructose and glucose, which is easy to digest and absorb, so eating fruit will make blood sugar rise rapidly, which is not good for patients. But it can't stop patients from eating fruit at all. According to the patient's blood sugar, urine sugar control flexible grasp. If fasting blood sugar does not exceed11mmolh (2000 mg/dl), urine sugar does not exceed 3 plus signs, and there is no ketoacidosis, you can eat a small amount of fruit, but you should master it well, don't eat a lot, and eat 150-200 grams at most every day. According to the determination, the sugar content of bananas, oranges, apples and pears is moderate: melons, watermelons and cherries have less sugar content, so you can eat them first; Tomatoes and cucumbers are low in sugar, so you can eat more instead of fruit.
If diabetic patients can seriously follow the above dietary requirements and persevere, it will effectively control their illness and prevent complications.
Food beneficial to diabetes treatment
Cowpea horn, also known as long bean horn and kidney bean, is flat and sweet. It can invigorate the spleen and qi, and treat spleen deficiency, food stagnation and abdominal distension. Children's indigestion, etc. , has the function of tonifying kidney and producing sperm, and treats thirst leucorrhea; External use can reduce swelling and detoxify. Cold cowpea horn: cook cowpea horn with boiling water and mix with salt, sesame oil and pepper to eat. Cowpea soup: cowpea horn 2-3 Liang. After boiling water, eat beans and soup. Eating them often can cure diabetes.
Pea seedlings contain more trace elements such as copper and chromium, and copper is beneficial to hematopoiesis. Bone and brain development: chromium is beneficial to the metabolism of sugar and fat and maintains the normal function of insulin. Chromium deficiency is easy to cause diseases and make people grow poorly. Pea also contains choline and methionine, which helps to prevent atherosclerosis, so eating pea seedlings is good for patients with diabetes, heart disease and hypertension. Pea seedlings can be mixed, simmered and fried.
Green tea has the special effect of controlling diabetes. The reason why green tea can control diabetes is because the sugar contained in green tea has a good hypoglycemic effect. Therefore, drinking green tea is the best and simplest way to prevent diabetes, especially the hypoglycemic components of green tea soaked in cold boiled water will not be destroyed, and drinking light tea is beneficial, because strong tea can easily lead to osteoporosis.
Monopterus albus, also known as eel, has a high content of protein, and its iron content is 1 times higher than that of carp and yellow croaker, and it also contains a variety of minerals and vitamins. Monopterus albus is warm and sweet. There are tonic qi, fatigue and diarrhea, rheumatism and joint pain. Monopterus albus also contains hypoglycemic ingredients. Diabetic patients can eat it often, but they can't eat a lot at a time, and eat more scabies. It is best to steam with seasoning.
Asparagus is also known as Gracilaria lemaneiformis and asparagus. Asparagus contains polysaccharide and other ingredients, which is helpful to strengthen physical strength, relieve fatigue, and prevent and treat heart disease, stomach disease, vision loss, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, asthma, kidney calculi's disease, edema, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Vitamin PP, vitamin C and mannan in asparagus. Choline and so on. It can maintain the shape, elasticity and physiological function of capillaries and play a good role in preventing cardiovascular diseases.
Porphyra has a high content of protein, ranking first among seaweeds, which is similar to the protein contained in soybeans commonly known as "meat of dry land". Porphyra is cold, sweet and salty. It has many functions such as resolving phlegm, softening hardness, clearing away heat, diuresis, tonifying kidney and nourishing heart, lowering blood pressure and promoting human metabolism. Can be used for preventing and treating arteriosclerosis and goiter. People with diabetes generally eat more soy products, but soy products are harmful to iodine excretion, and iodine deficiency will aggravate diabetes. It is recommended that diabetics drink a bowl of seaweed soup every day to ensure that they are not short of iodine.
Mytilus meat contains protein, fat, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin A. B2, etc. Especially, the content of calcium is very high, and the content of inner gill plate and outer gill plate is the most. Mytilus meat is cold, sweet and salty. Has the effects of clearing away heat, nourishing yin, improving eyesight and detoxicating. Can be used for treating vexation, thirst, metrorrhagia, leukorrhagia, eczema and renal failure. Two ounces of bitter gourd, half a catty of mussel meat, and live mussels kept in clear water for two days. Wash and take meat, cook soup with ancient melons, and season with salt, oil and seasoning. Bitter gourd tastes bitter and cold, has the effect of clearing away heat and quenching thirst, and can lower blood sugar.
There is also a certain amount of protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, iron, riboflavin, thiamine, hydrochloric acid and so on. In sheep's belly and beef's belly, their nutritional value is equivalent. Warm and sweet. It has the function of tonifying deficiency and strengthening spleen and stomach, and can treat fatigue, thirst quenching, night sweats, frequent urination and other symptoms. Mutton tripe and tripe are good for diabetes, but they can't be eaten often because their cholesterol is higher than that of fat pork. You can eat it occasionally, but you can't eat more than three or two meals. Eating them for breakfast is beneficial.
Diabetes patients should follow the following suggestions when drinking alcohol:
1. If blood sugar control is unstable, don't drink alcohol.
When blood sugar is well controlled, you can drink alcohol in moderation, but avoid drinking sweet wine. You can make a drinking plan, such as drinking 1~2 times a week, drinking 2 small glasses of white wine or 1 large beer each time, and reducing a certain amount of staple food when drinking. In the long run, patients with drinking habits should gradually give up drinking habits.
Don't drink too much. Avoid drinking on an empty stomach.