Carotid artery is a thick blood vessel, its internal carotid artery directly supplies blood and oxygen to brain tissue, while its external carotid artery supplies blood and oxygen to five senses such as eyes, ears, nose and mouth. If the carotid artery is hardened, there is plaque on the blood vessel wall, which makes the blood flow unsmooth. If it is not smooth, it will often lead to ischemia and hypoxia of brain tissue. Patients often feel dizzy, dizzy, poor memory and obvious decline in thinking ability. Over time, it will cause brain atrophy. If the hardened carotid artery has thick plaque falling off and blocks arterial blood vessels with blood flow, it will cause cerebral infarction, blindness, slurred speech, paralysis and other stroke manifestations, and even threaten life. Carotid intima thrombotic or atherosclerotic plaque is a degenerative, proliferative and systemic disease of large and medium-sized arteries, and atherosclerosis is the reason for the decrease of arterial elasticity. If the carotid artery is severely hardened and the hardened plaque falls off, it will block the cerebral vessels and cause serious consequences. Generally speaking, mild arteriosclerosis will not affect the blood supply to the brain, so it can be properly improved after neck activity without any symptoms. Severe arteriosclerosis will reduce the blood supply to the brain and cause dizziness, headache and memory loss. If you move your neck at this time, it is likely to aggravate cerebral ischemia, thus making the symptoms of cerebral ischemia more serious and even ischemic stroke. It can also cause a series of symptoms such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, heart failure and premature beats. This kind of disease often occurs in the "three highs", that is, people with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. At the same time, the incidence of elderly people is greater than that of young people. Therefore, some experts remind that after men are 50 years old, women should go to the hospital for routine examination after menopause, because there are no symptoms in the early stage of the disease, and people usually take it lightly. Once dizziness appears, it means that plaque has formed and must be controlled in the hospital, otherwise it is easy to cause a stroke. To prevent this disease, we need to do three levels of prevention: the first level of prevention means to control the diet in daily activities, stay away from high-fat and high-sugar foods, that is, eat less animal liver, brain flowers, fat, fried foods, things with high sugar and fat content; Secondary prevention is to find mild symptoms and seek medical attention in time, let doctors help control blood sugar and blood lipids, and use aspirin and other drugs to stabilize the condition. At the same time, patients should move lightly and slowly in normal activities, especially when rotating their necks, and must not move too much; Tertiary prevention is the prevention after stroke, so it is necessary to rely on doctors to treat and recover with drugs. Since the consequences caused by carotid atherosclerosis are serious, and this kind of disease is a recurrent disease, many people do not control it well after discharge, causing two strokes and three strokes. Therefore, patients should pay attention to it at ordinary times, often contact with doctors, and cooperate closely to control blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar, so that they will not have a stroke for life. Atherosclerotic lesions are mostly distributed in the lateral wall of vascular bifurcation, the medial wall of bend and carotid sinus. The blood in these parts is affected by the angle of blood vessels to form a non-laminar state such as turbulence, which is easy to damage the intima, which is conducive to lipid deposition and platelet aggregation, forming atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, the reduction of shear force of local blood vessel wall is an important factor in the formation of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is an arterial disease related to dyslipidemia and changes in vascular wall composition, which mainly involves elastic artery and elastic muscle artery. The pathological change is characterized by the deposition of blood lipids in the intima of arteries, which causes focal fibrous thickening of intima and necrosis and disintegration of its deep components, forming atheroma and hardening its arteries. Protons in atherosclerotic lesions are derived from the infiltration of plasma lipoproteins, mainly free cholesterol lipids, followed by triglycerides, phospholipids and apolipoprotein B. The severity of atherosclerosis increases linearly with the increase of plasma cholesterol level. LDL and LDA cholesterol are important factors of atherosclerosis, while HDL and HDL-C have strong anti-atherosclerosis effects. The mechanism may be as follows: (1)HDL is a reverse transport carrier of cholesterol, which promotes cholesterol to be transported from extrahepatic tissues into the liver, degraded and excreted; (2) In plasma, HDL exchanges TG and CE with VLDL, LDL and CM, and finally VLDL and CM are degraded and excreted as residues. After eating a high-sugar and high-saturated fat diet, the activity of HMG-CoA reductase in liver increased and the synthesis of cholesterol increased. Generally, young people around the age of twenty have begun to form lipid deposits, and even 10% of children have started from 10 years old. This deposit is called atherosclerotic plaque in medicine. After more than ten years or decades, due to the long-term accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques, the absorption of nutrients by blood vessels has been blocked, and the nutritional status of blood vessels has gone from bad to worse, making blood vessels gradually hard, brittle, narrow and inelastic. Moreover, this adverse effect can also cause hypertension or aggravate the degree of hypertension. When 50% of the cross-sectional area of blood vessels is squeezed out, the symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular blood supply and oxygen deficiency are so obvious that dizziness, headache, pain in the heart area and chest tightness occur from time to time. When the cross-sectional area of a blood vessel is blocked by more than 80%, it can be considered that this blood vessel is basically blocked, and the most serious consequence is hemiplegia. What substance in the blood forms plaque? Why are plaques not randomly distributed in all blood vessels, but only in a few places of coronary artery and carotid artery? Why do only humans and a few primates have coronary heart disease, but most mammals don't? Why do plaques form? On the basis of previous studies, Dr. Pauling and Dr. Lasher, two American Nobel laureates, finally solved the mystery of coronary heart disease. 1985 it was found that a substance called lipoprotein (a) adhered to the blood vessel wall. The so-called hyperviscosity and hyperlipidemia are closely related to the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque, that is, blood viscosity and blood lipid cooperate to promote the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Disease diagnosis, two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasound imaging are effective examination methods for diagnosing carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation, which is of guiding significance for selecting reasonable treatment scheme and evaluating treatment effect. Therefore, it is possible to monitor heart disease, prevent thrombosis, or early find thrombosis of internal carotid artery and prevent cerebral infarction. Through the non-invasive, painless and harmless neck B-mode ultrasonic detection method, under the sub-health condition without any clinical symptoms, the hidden plaque stenosis and thrombus attached to the carotid artery can be clearly detected. Therefore, it is of great significance to prevent stroke. Therefore, it is very necessary for patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease to check the carotid artery and other parts of the body. At present, the main methods are: carotid ultrasound examination, magnetic resonance carotid imaging and carotid angiography. If ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography confirm that the carotid artery is obviously narrow (more than 50%) or has intimal plaque and ulcer, the therapeutic effect of internal medicine drugs is limited. At this time, surgical treatment should be chosen to remove the thickened carotid intima and plaque ulcer. This is called carotid endarterectomy, which has a history of more than 50 years. Through a large number of surgical cases, it is proved that carotid endarterectomy is an effective method to dredge carotid arteries and prevent and treat cerebral infarction. The operation is performed under a microscope, which can ensure the safety of the operation. Of course, it depends on the individual situation to see if it is the object of surgical treatment. Drug administration in internal medicine is also a routine means of treatment. For example, aspirin tablets, compound Danshen dripping pills, Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) which can dissolve carotid atherosclerotic plaque, and drugs such as vitamin E and Tongxinluo can be taken alternately under the guidance of a doctor. Drugs are gray, and the road to life is evergreen! Corresponding preventive measures also include adjusting living and eating habits, taking part in more body-building activities, banning smoking and alcohol, lowering blood viscosity, lowering blood lipid and blood pressure, and choosing some drugs that promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, dilate cerebral vessels, improve microcirculation, enhance immunity, resist oxidation, resist aging and prevent platelet aggregation. It is believed that in this way, the incidence of arteriosclerosis and cerebral infarction, which threaten the majority of middle-aged and elderly people, will decrease year by year. Honey can dilate coronary artery and nourish myocardium, improve myocardial function, regulate blood pressure and eat more. Usage: For patients with heart disease, take 50-140g of honey every day, and their condition can be improved within 1-2 months. People with high blood pressure, drinking a cup of honey water every morning and evening, is also good for health. People with arteriosclerosis often eat honey, which can protect blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Drink more water. Everyone should replenish at least 2000 ml of water every day, and drink more vegetable soup, winter melon soup, tomato soup, mung bean soup and light green tea. It is best to drink a glass of water after getting up in the morning, before going to bed at night and before and after taking a bath to prevent excessive sweating from causing blood concentration and high blood pressure. In addition, the diet in summer should be light, eat less foods with high fat and cholesterol, and eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, bean products, seaweed and so on. You should develop healthy eating habits, and you can eat the following nine kinds of food regularly. First, leafy vegetables, such as broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, celery, etc. Leafy vegetables provide a lot of fiber, vitamins and trace elements, which can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular sclerosis. 2. Vegetables with bright pigments, such as onions, can improve cerebrovascular sclerosis, as well as spinach, lettuce, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, zucchini, carrots, red peppers, green peppers and yellow mushrooms. These bright vegetables are not only rich in trace elements, vitamins and fiber, but also contain antioxidant biotin, which can help reduce blood lipids and prevent arteriosclerosis. 3. Fresh fruits, such as apples, peaches, grapes, apricots, strawberries and tomatoes. Fruits are rich in trace elements, vitamins, fiber and antioxidant biotin, which can help prevent cardiovascular diseases. Whole grains, such as bread made of bran flour, brown brown rice, oatmeal, popcorn, etc. These whole grains contain a lot of cellulose, which can also reduce low-density cholesterol and prevent arteriosclerosis. 5. Cook with blended oil, soybean oil or olive oil. These vegetable oils are rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and other unsaturated fatty acids, which can help maintain normal cardiovascular function. Six, low-fat or fat-free dairy products, such as low-fat or fat-free milk, low-fat cheese, yogurt, etc., to replace high-fat dairy products, can greatly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Seven, deep-sea fish, such as salmon, tuna, sardines, swordfish, etc. Deep-sea fish are rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are beneficial to cardiovascular health. Eight, legumes, such as soybean milk, tofu, dried tofu, fresh beans or dried beans. Beans contain a lot of plant proteins, lipids and fibers that are beneficial to heart health. 9. Low-alcohol wines, such as beer and wine, can also help lower low-density cholesterol, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is said that appropriate ginger, onion and garlic can improve cerebrovascular sclerosis, especially for patients with headache and migraine caused by carotid atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular sclerosis.