1. Deciduous tree, with oval leaves, serrated leaves, red and white, round fruit and sweet taste, is an ordinary fruit.

2. The fruit of this plant. pearmain

Apple is native to Southeast Europe, Asia Minor and South Caucasus. 1870 was introduced to Yantai, China, and has been widely cultivated in the southeast of Northeast China, North China and Northwest China in recent years. Edit paragraph 2. Health care and medicinal value of apples.

Eating apples can not only lose weight, but also help digestion. In addition, eating apples for the elderly will also help. Apple contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, sugars, fats and so on. It constitutes an essential nutrient for the brain. The fiber in apple is beneficial to the growth and development of children and can promote the growth and development. Zinc in apples is beneficial to children's memory and can enhance their memory. But the acid in apples will corrode teeth, so it is best to rinse your mouth after eating apples. "An apple a day" is a well-known health slogan. Indeed, apples are rich in sugars, organic acids, cellulose, vitamins, minerals, polyphenols and flavonoids, and are called "all-round healthy fruits" by scientists. So, what health care function makes it win such a good reputation? Hypolipidemic: The human experiment of Japan Fruit Research Institute showed that after eating two apples a day, the triglyceride level in subjects' blood decreased by 265,438+0% after three weeks, and the high triglyceride level was the chief culprit of arteriosclerosis. After apple pectin enters the human body, it can combine with bile acids, absorb excess cholesterol and triglycerides like a sponge, and then excrete it. At the same time, the acetic acid decomposed by apple is beneficial to the catabolism of these two substances. In addition, vitamins, fructose and magnesium in apples can also reduce their content. Lowering blood pressure: Excessive sodium is an important factor causing hypertension and stroke. Apples contain enough potassium, which can be combined with excess sodium in the body and excreted, thus lowering blood pressure. At the same time, potassium ion can effectively protect blood vessels and reduce the incidence of hypertension and stroke. Dr Susan Arlich, a famous British pharmacologist, found that polyphenols and flavonoids contained in apples can effectively prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, it can also prevent cancer, resist oxidation, strengthen bones, maintain acid-base balance, and enhance physical strength and disease resistance. Apples are rich in nutrition and low in calories, so they are very popular with dieters. In dietotherapy, boiling water with apple peel and ginger slices can stop vomiting. Using apples with pears can reduce the coldness of pears and have the effect of strengthening the lungs and moistening the stomach. In autumn syrup, some apples and pears are used, and lily 1 (30g), Dendrobium 5 (15g) and apricot 3 (9g) are added to moisten the lungs and relieve cough. Lose weight: apples will increase satiety, and eating before meals can reduce food intake and achieve the purpose of losing weight. As for whether to peel the apple, people have different opinions. Without peeling, it is possible to eat pesticide peeling. The most nutritious part of apples is the skin, and most of the fibers are peeled. Apple pays more attention to external environmental conditions. (Of course, when the late-maturing apples are naturally ripe)

Edit the third paragraph of apple's habits

Apple is a kind of fruit tree that avoids light. According to the determination, the light compensation point of most varieties is 600-940 lux, and the saturation point is 24,000-75,000 lux. Insufficient light directly reduces photosynthesis and tree nutrition, and affects fruit coloring and sugar conversion; Too strong direct light and too long exposure time can easily cause burns to branches and fruits. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a good garden, do a good job of styling pruning, improve ventilation transparency, and have a reasonable number of curtains in order to avoid the above disadvantages. Flat land, mountains, beaches and floodplains can all be planted, but gentle slopes with abundant sunshine, openness, leeward and good surrounding vegetation are the most suitable for planting. Depression, gully, although the soil layer is deep, but the illumination is poor, it is easy to accumulate water in rainy season, and the air humidity is too high; The steep slope, shallow soil layer, thin soil and heavy soil erosion are not conducive to the growth of fruit trees. Apples are not strict about the soil. Clay, sandy soil and loam can be used, but sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose and fertile soil is the best. Thick soil with shallow soil layer and many gravels must be improved before planting. The adaptive PH range is pH 5.3-8.2, and the optimum pH is 5.4-6.8. If it is lower than 5.4, the acidity is too strong, and it is easy to produce fruit shrinkage and bitter pox due to boron and calcium deficiency; Above 7.8, it is alkaline, and it is easy to lack iron, which leads to the loss of green leaves. Apple is a temperate fruit tree, which likes cold and dry. It requires that winter is not cold, summer is not cool, and the annual variation is small and the daily variation is large. The suitable temperature range is the annual average temperature of 9- 14℃, the extreme minimum temperature in winter is not lower than-12℃, the highest monthly average temperature in summer is not higher than 20℃, the annual accumulated temperature is about 5000℃ ≥ 10℃, and the average temperature in the growing season (April-10) is 60. Low temperature time is not enough, leaves and flowers are delayed irregularly, and some flower buds don't even germinate. In May, the scales became loose and fell off, which became a dead pile and seriously reduced production. When the absolute low temperature is lower than -30-32℃, freezing injury occurs again. Although apple is native to the dry inland climate zone in summer, and prefers dry environment, it still needs sufficient water and suitable air humidity to grow and develop normally during the growing period. However, excessive rainfall and humidity will lead to dense branches and leaves, serious pests and diseases, large color difference of fruits and low acid concentration of sugar. Generally, the annual rainfall is 500- 1000mm and the air humidity is 60%-70%. Because the rainfall in Yunnan is unevenly distributed in time and space, and the dry season is clear, it should be irrigated once a month in the dry season from February to May in order to meet the water needed for budding, flowering and fruiting. Drainage should be done well in rainy season to reduce soil water content and air humidity, so as to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and improve fruit quality.

Edit this fourth paragraph of apple classification introduction.

Apple is the fruit of Malus in Rosaceae, with about 25 species. Apple tree is the most widely cultivated fruit tree. Apple is a kind of pear fruit, which is developed from ovary and tissues around it. Most apple trees are cross-pollinated, and 2 ~ 4% of apple trees have ideal fruit setting. Although the size, shape, color and acidity of mature apples vary greatly with varieties and environmental conditions, they are usually round, with a diameter of 50 ~ 100 mm (2 ~ 4 inches) and a reddish or yellow color. There are thousands of varieties of apples, which are divided into three categories: wine varieties, cooking varieties and tail foods. The three varieties are different in color, size, fragrance, smoothness (and possibly crispness and flavor). Many varieties have high sugar content, moderate acidity and low tannin content. Besides raw apples, there are many cooking methods, which are often used as snack fillings. Apple scones may be the earliest sweet-tailed food in America. Fried apples are often eaten with sausages, pork chops and other dishes, especially in Europe. The genus Malus is native to temperate regions in both hemispheres. The earliest Europeans ate apples and improved their choices. Some varieties were seen more than 2000 years ago. Before colonizing the United States, there were hundreds of known varieties in Europe. Later, with the wave of immigration sweeping across North America, the seedlings of apple varieties also spread everywhere, becoming itinerant messengers of local legends, which played an important role in the spread of apples. The most prominent one was john chapman (nicknamed "〔Johnny Appleseed"), who planted apples widely in Ohio and Indiana. Indians and hunters may also spread apples. Apple trees need a certain dormancy period and grow well in areas where winter is obvious (generally 30 ~ 60 north latitude). Further north, due to the cold winter and short growing season, planting is restricted. When planting apples, we should choose soil with good drainage and fertilize when the fertility is insufficient. The top of a rolling hill or hillside is best for growing apples. In this terrain, cold and heavy air will flow down into the valley on a cold spring night, otherwise the apple flowers and fresh fruits will be frozen. Take the selected varieties as scions, and the rootstock is usually cold-resistant seedlings1August, and transplant them into orchards 1 ~ 2 years after grafting. After 6 ~ 8 years, there will be considerable output; Prior to this, the management work was mostly limited to weeding and pest control, and pruning was needed (especially in the first five years) to make the distribution of main branches reasonable and the weaker branches would not break under the weight of fruits. Adult fruit trees should be sprayed with pesticides in strict accordance with regulations to prevent pests, which may also delay their vigorous growth in spring, sparse young fruits and reduce fruit drop in autumn. Varieties that mature in late summer are generally not suitable for storage. Varieties that mature in late autumn can be carefully stored for up to one year. It can be stored for a long time at a temperature slightly higher than the freezing point of apples. Apples can also be stored in inert gas or air with controllable composition.

Edit Paragraph 5 Apple Table

Apple trees, deciduous trees. The height of the tree can reach 15 meters, and it is generally about 3 ~ 5 meters under cultivation conditions. The trunk is grayish brown, the old bark has irregular longitudinal cracks or flaking, and the branchlets are smooth. Simple leaves alternate, oval to ovoid, with serrated leaves. Corymb, white petals, pink buds, 20 stamens, 5 styles. Fruit is a kind of kernel, and its color and size vary with varieties. Like light, like slightly acidic to neutral soil. It is most suitable for sandy soil with deep soil layer, rich organic matter and good ventilation and drainage. Reproduction by grafting. There are two kinds of rootstocks: arbor rootstocks and dwarf rootstocks. Commonly used tree rootstocks are Juglans mandshurica, Haitang Xifu and Vitex negundo, and dwarf rootstocks are mainly imported from Britain. Wide rows and close planting are adopted, and the behavior is north-south. The soil in southern China is planted before freezing in autumn and winter, and in northern China it is planted during thawing in spring. Apple is weak in self-fruiting, so pollination trees must be arranged when planting.

Edit the reproductive habits of 6 apples.

1. Flower bud and flower: The flower bud differentiation of apple began in early June and was completed before winter. The whole process is divided into three stages: physiological differentiation, morphological differentiation and sexual cell maturation. The flower buds are mixed buds and the inflorescences are corymbose cymes. Each inflorescence has 5-8 flowers, mostly 5. The central flower blooms first, and the marginal flower blooms later. The central flower has the best quality, stable fruit and large fruit. When thinning flowers and fruits, the central flowers and fruits should be kept, and the marginal flowers and fruits should be thinned more. The bud leaves first, then blooms, and shoots from the fruit table. The number and length of branches on the fruit table vary with varieties and nutritional conditions of fruiting mother branches. Varieties with strong secondary branches and long and strong branches, such as Zhuguang, have small fruits, low yield and loose fruiting branches. This variety uses thinning 1, leaving 1 and pinching new shoots to control the growth of secondary branches. Varieties with medium secondary branch growth (1 or 2), short branches (below 10 cm) and thick branches, such as Jin Shuai and Jonakin, have large fruits, high yield, compact fruiting branches, easy regeneration and strong continuous fruiting ability. Varieties with weak secondary shoot growth (1) and short branches (less than 3 cm), such as Yuan Shuai and Enpai, have large fruits, compact fruiting branches, easy to form chicken feet branches and easy to update. However, most fruit forests bear fruit every other year, so more reserve branches should be left to reduce the fruit bearing in different years. 2. Fruit: Apple's fruit is a fake fruit developed from ovary and receptacle, in which ovary develops into heart, receptacle develops into meat and embryo develops into seed. The volume expansion of fruit depends on the increase of the number of rapidly dividing cells in the early stage and the volume expansion of cells in the later stage. The volume expansion of fruit is faster in the middle period to before ripening, slower in the early and late period, and the fruit weight increases fastest in the month before ripening. The length of fruit development period is generally 65-87 days for early-maturing varieties, 90- 133 days for middle-maturing varieties and 137- 168 days for late-maturing varieties. Fruit color is an important indicator of commodities. The quality of apple coloring is closely related to the accumulation of sugar, the coordination of mineral elements, environmental conditions, and the types and contents of hormones. Controlling application of nitrogen fertilizer, increasing application of potassium fertilizer, reducing chlorophyll in peel, improving ventilation and light transmission conditions, improving sunshine, good drainage, reducing air humidity, spraying NAA and 2.4-D hormone can all promote apple coloring. From the appearance of buds to the harvest of fruits, apples usually have four flowers and fruits. The first time in the final flowering period, the pedicel falls off with withering, which is usually called falling flower. The second time, about a week after flower dropping, the ovary is slightly enlarged and lasts for 5-20 days, which is called early fruit dropping. 7- 14 days after the third fruit drop, the fruit has reached the size of thumb nail, which has a great influence on the yield, so it is called physiological fruit drop. Yunnan usually occurs in May, and the phenology in the north is later than that in Yunnan, and it occurs in June, so it is called "June fruit drop". The fourth time, before the fruit is harvested, the mature or nearly mature fruit is dropped, so it is called pre-harvest fruit drop. The first and second falling flowers and fruits are mainly caused by insufficient nutrition and poor pollination and fertilization. The third fruit drop is caused by the fierce competition for nutrients among fruits and the lack of auxin in embryos. Because the osmotic pressure of leaves is greater than that of young fruits, the power to compete for nutrients is stronger than that of young fruits. Therefore, in addition to pinching and pruning branches to inhibit the growth of new shoots, it is necessary to apply huafei to supplement nutrients in time.

Edit this paragraph 7, Apple Seed.

Developed from fertilized eggs in embryo sacs. The normal fruit of apple has five ventricles, and there are two seeds in each ventricle. In the process of fruit development, seeds secrete hormones to stimulate the growth of pulp, so those with good pollination and fertilization, full seeds, correct fruit shape and full pulp; On the other hand, on the side with poor seed development or no seed, the pulp becomes thin and deformed, so pollination trees must be arranged to improve the pollination effect.

Edit this paragraph 8 Apple's requirements for external environmental conditions.

Temperature: Apple tree is a temperate fruit tree that likes low temperature and dryness, requiring no severe cold in winter and no intense heat in summer. The suitable temperature range is the annual average temperature of 9- 14℃, the extreme low temperature in winter is not lower than-12℃, the highest monthly average temperature in summer is not higher than 20℃, the annual accumulated temperature is about 5000℃ ≥ 10℃, and the average temperature in the growing season (April-10)/ Low temperature time is not enough, leaves and flowers are delayed irregularly, and some flower buds don't even germinate. In May, the scales became loose and fell off, which became a dead pile and seriously reduced production. When the absolute low temperature is lower than -30-32℃, freezing injury occurs again. According to the survey, the performance of apples at different altitudes and temperatures in Yunnan Province is as follows. The performance of apples in different altitude and temperature areas in Yunnan; Suitability of altitude (m), annual average temperature (℃), high-yield fruit quality, and growth law of pests and diseases.

The differential weight below 1800 and above 15 is abnormal and inappropriate. 1800-200014-15, the heavier one is more suitable than the normal one, and 2000-220013-14 is better than the normal one.

Edit this paragraph 9 Apple Nutrition Analysis

1. Colloid and trace element chromium in apples can keep blood sugar stable and effectively lower cholesterol; 2. In the air pollution environment, eating more apples can improve the respiratory system and lung function, and protect the lungs from pollution and smoke; 3. Polyphenols and flavonoids contained in apples are natural chemical antioxidants, which can reduce the risk of lung cancer and prevent lead poisoning; 4. Apple's unique fragrance can relieve the bad mood caused by excessive pressure, and also has a refreshing effect; 5. Apples are rich in crude fiber, which can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, help the human body to discharge waste smoothly, and reduce the harm of harmful substances to the skin; 6. Apples contain a lot of trace elements such as magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, iodine, manganese and zinc, which can make the skin delicate, smooth, ruddy and shiny.

Edit this segment 10 Apple related group:

The general population can eat 1. Chronic gastritis, dyspepsia, qi stagnation, constipation, chronic diarrhea, neurocolitis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity, cancer patients, anemia and vitamin deficiency are particularly suitable. Expectant mothers eating an apple a day can reduce pregnancy reaction; 2. Patients with nephritis and diabetes should not eat more.

Edit this paragraph 1 1 Apple Weight Loss Function

Apple is sweet, sour and cool, belonging to spleen and lung meridians; It has the effects of promoting fluid production, moistening lung, relieving summer heat, stimulating appetite, sobering up and stopping diarrhea, and is mainly used for treating qi deficiency, dyspepsia, qi stagnation, mild diarrhea, constipation, vexation with heat and thirst, excessive drinking and hypertension.

Edit this paragraph 12 apple formula to treat infantile diarrhea.

Made up several apples. Methods The apples were washed with boiling water, peeled, steamed and mashed. Take it four times a day, each time100g, and for infants under one year old, about 50g each time, 3-4 times a day. At this time, you should not eat other food. After the symptoms get better, you can reduce the consumption of apple puree and increase cow cheese appropriately. Benefiting the spleen and stomach, thickening the intestine and stopping diarrhea. It also applies to frequent loose stool. Food similarity: apples should not be eaten with aquatic products, which will lead to constipation. Description: Soak peeled apples in cold boiling water to prevent oxidation and make apples brittle and sweet.

Edit this paragraph 13 pest control

Apple water heart disease, also known as saccharification disease, is a physiological disease of fruit. Fuji, Gala and Marshal apples in Weibei arid plateau were seriously damaged, and their fruit quality deteriorated, so they could not be stored. Occurrence characteristics, mostly in the fruit core and its surface, sometimes the fruit surface is obvious, the diseased fruit peel is waterlogged, transparent as wax, the interstitial space of the diseased fruit is waterlogged, the diseased fruit is hard and translucent, or spotted, the diseased fruit has a special sweetness, and there are many spots near the top of the fruit or near the calyx depression. Water heart disease is due to the accumulation of sugar and the imbalance of calcium and nitrogen, which makes the normal life habits of fruits disordered and delays the harvest of fruits. The fruit farmers who hung fruit on trees at the earliest time had symptoms of sunburn when the crown was directly exposed to the sun. However, in areas with large temperature difference between day and night near maturity, fruits were prone to get sick, and large fruits were more sick than small ones. Fruit farmers usually make good use of high-nitrogen and low-calcium fertilizers, which will aggravate their illness. Different varieties have different disease resistance. Prevention and control techniques: strengthen cultivation management, increase the application of organic, inorganic and biological bacterial fertilizers (long Fei Da San Yuan), implement formula fertilization, avoid only applying ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, pay attention to farming to conserve moisture, prune diligently, leave fruits skillfully, and adjust the proportion of leaves and fruits. The method of supplementing nutrition in trees is: Stokop+ calcium lactate or calcium benefit. Practice has proved that this is an effective method to solve fruit tree diseases in Shui Xin.

Edit this section 14 apple yield

The annual output of apples in the world is about 32 million metric tons. Apples produced in the United States are usually eaten semi-fresh; About 1/5 is used to make vinegar, fruit juice, jelly, apple puree, etc. About 1/6 was made into canned applesauce, which was used as the raw material of pie. In Europe, most apples are used to make cider and brandy. Apples used to brew cider account for 1/4 of the world output. The United States, China, France, Italy and Turkey are the largest producers, while France, Italy, Hungary, Argentina, Chile, South Africa and the United States are the largest exporters. Apple is rich in carbohydrates, vitamins A and C, and contains a lot of fiber, which is also necessary for human body.

Edit this paragraph 15 apple picking method guide.

Picking method of high-quality apples: (1) Observe the surrounding environment of apples with eyes. Look around for dry branches or stubble, and avoid dry stubble, dry branches or sharp buds when picking. (2) When picking fruit, gently tilt the apple in the opposite direction to pick it. If the method is improper, it will be very troublesome, and the fruit handle will often be pulled off. (3) If there are big scars when picking fruits, you can pick them quickly without being too careful. (4) Put the picked high-quality fruits in the basket lightly, and pay attention to the fact that the "fruit handles" are uniformly downward or upward, leaving them empty. (5) High-quality fruits should not be overfilled, otherwise they will be crushed. Slight squeezing will cause soft injury, so it is not suitable for storage, which will turn high-quality fruit into secondary fruit.

Edit this paragraph 16 apple grading standard.

(1) Stack high-quality apples separately from a few problematic apples (deformed fruits, rusted fruits, extra-small fruits and sunburned fruits). (2) High-quality fruits should be stacked according to the following specifications. A, 85#- 1 10# B, 70#-80# C, 60#-65# (3) can be divided by grading board or visual inspection. If it is uncertain by visual inspection, a grading board must be used.

Edit this section 17 Apple Store

Common containers at home include jars, jars, altars, cartons and wooden cases, all of which can be used to store apples. The tanks, cans and altars used must be washed and dried, and the inner walls of the tanks, cans and altars should be wiped with white wine. You can also put half a bottle of white wine in it (the dosage can be determined according to the storage capacity), and the bottle mouth is open. After harvesting, put the apples in the shade for a few days, and then put them in pots, cans or jars in layers. Spray white wine after filling, which can vary from 50- 150g depending on the storage capacity. Cover it with absorbent cotton, and then cover it with a plastic sheet to prevent the smell of alcohol. When eating apples, cover them with it, which can generally be kept for more than half a year. The box for storing apples should be clean and tasteless, with two layers of paper at the bottom and around. Each apple should be wrapped in soft white paper and placed neatly in the box. For ruby, red star, banana and other round apples, it is best to put them horizontally, while Guoguang, India and other varieties are flat and round, so that apples are under greater pressure. The box is most suitable for inspection at 0-2℃ every other month, and some rotten fruits should be removed in time.

Edit this paragraph 18 Apple Transportation

(1) Ventilation and heat insulation car The heat insulation car is a car body with only heat insulation function, and there is no refrigeration and heating equipment in the car. During the transportation of goods, the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the car is mainly reduced by the thermal insulation function of the car body with good thermal insulation performance, so as to ensure that the temperature fluctuation of goods during transportation does not exceed the allowable range. This kind of vehicle has the advantages of less investment, less energy consumption and money saving. It is more economical and practical to transport apples with a ventilated and heat-insulated car transformed from an iced refrigerator car, and auxiliary measures such as adding ice in the car can improve the transportation effect. (2) The refrigerated trucks transported by railway are refrigerated, insulated, cold-proof, heated and ventilated. , can be transported quickly and with high quality on the railway. The characteristics of refrigerated trucks are: the body is insulated and sealed, and there is a cooling device in the car, which can keep the temperature inside the car lower than the temperature outside the car in warm seasons. In cold season, refrigerated trucks can also be used for transportation without cooling and heat preservation or transportation with heating, so as to keep the temperature inside the car higher than that outside the car. At present, China's refrigerated trucks include refrigerated trucks with ice, mechanical refrigerated trucks and frozen plate refrigerated trucks. (3) Container transportation is a developing mode of transportation in the world today, which not only saves manpower and time, but also ensures product quality and realizes "door-to-door" service, which is a great innovation of modern transportation mode. On the basis of the container, adding insulation layer and refrigeration and heating equipment can keep the temperature of fresh apples. On the basis of refrigerated container, the airtight layer is added to change the gas composition in the container (reducing O2 concentration and increasing CO2 concentration), which is the refrigerated modified atmosphere container. To control the gas composition, the air in the box can be adjusted by air conditioners in stations and docks, or a liquid nitrogen tank can be installed in the box to release nitrogen instead of the air in the box, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing oxygen. Compared with refrigerated containers, refrigerated modified atmosphere containers can keep the fresh quality of goods.

Edit this section 19 China apple cultivation history.

China apples are cotton apples, which were called money in ancient times. Since written records, it has a cultivation history of at least 2200 years. As a fruit tree, Shaguo has a history of about 2000 years. Begonia was cultivated later. It was first seen in Magnolia Officinalis written by Sima Xiangru Shang in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 125-65438+ BC 0 18). Among them, "Xi" is regarded by most scholars as the later cotton apple, which is the ancient name of China apple. According to Miscellanies of Xijing (3rd-4th century AD), all kinds of fruit trees in Shanglinyuan at that time were "when Shanglinyuan was first built, the ministers gave it different fruits from afar ..." Among them, "white, purple and green". Since we have contributed to the famous fruit, the cultivation of the origin is bound to be earlier. In the 1920s, Cao Zhi had a White Form, a Form of Thanks, and Biography of Historical Records in Huo Zhi described several kinds of fruit trees that had been mass-produced in mainland China at that time, but did not mention them. In a word, according to the change of the name and connotation of Nai since the Han Dynasty, it reflects that China Mian Apple also has a development process. People in China have a long history of eating pears. In ancient times, it was called honey father, fast fruit, jade milk, etc., also known as "Baiguo School". There are many varieties of pears, with different origins and characteristics, such as Laiyang pear in Shandong, Korla pear in Xinjiang, Sydney in Tianjin, dangshan pear in Anhui, Xuehua pear in Zhao County, Hebei Province, Crystal pear in Japan, Beer pear in Australia and so on.

The history of pears

Since ancient times, China has had an allusion of "Kong Rong makes pears grow" and "pushing pears to make dates grow", and there is also a good sentence in "Singing Pears" that "looking for incense and remembering Joan as a tree, knowing jade because of thirst has marrow". Legend has it that the mother of Kevin·Z, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, coughed for a long time and was afraid of the bitter taste of traditional Chinese medicine. Wei Zhi added pear and sugar to Chinese medicine to make pear milk candy, which was sweet and delicious, and finally cured the cough. Pear toffee has also become another example of ancient people's diet.

Classification of pears

According to botanical classification, pears belong to Rosaceae. Pears are cold. Speaking of the problem of pear coldness, more in-depth research shows that different kinds of pears have different degrees of coldness. For example, Tianya pear, which we often eat, is almost as cool as small and exquisite fragrant pear and larger tribute pear, while thick-skinned sand pear and imported beer pear are even cooler.

The benefits of eating pears

Pear is sweet in taste, slightly sour, slightly cold in nature, enters the lung and stomach meridians, produces fluid to moisten dryness, clears away heat and phlegm, purges heat to quench thirst, moistens lung and relieves cough, nourishes blood and promotes granulation, and moistens intestines to relieve constipation. It can be used for treating fever, yin injury, lung dryness, cough, dysphoria, aphonia, nausea and constipation. "Compendium of Materia Medica" says "moistening lung and clearing heart, resolving phlegm and reducing fire, relieving sore and toxic wine". Xuan Tong, a herbal medicine, said that "the living can clear the heat of the six fu organs, and the cooked can nourish the yin of the five internal organs", and its function of clearing away heat and calming the nerves has an auxiliary therapeutic effect on relieving hypertension, insomnia and palpitation.

According to Koreans, eating a pear after a meal is good for expelling carcinogens accumulated in the body, especially after eating barbecue food. Eating pears is good for preventing cancer. It is also helpful for tumor patients to eat pears, which can relieve symptoms of yin deficiency such as emaciation, irritability and anorexia. Pear contains a lot of vitamin C, which helps to inhibit the formation of nitrosamines, a carcinogen in the stomach. Head and neck radiotherapy often causes symptoms such as dry mouth and taste disorder. Eating more pears is also very beneficial, which can stimulate the secretion of oral saliva. Rosa roxburghii is produced in the southwest mountainous areas such as Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan, and it is cool and sour. When used in combination with other traditional Chinese medicines, it has certain effects of regulating stomach, promoting fluid production, reducing adverse reactions, stopping vomiting, and improving cellular immune function.

There are many kinds of pears with different curative effects. Cough and constipation caused by yin deficiency and lung heat can be taken with Pak Lei and white radish in half boiled water, and added with crystal sugar or honey to relieve cough and relieve constipation, which is also good for pulmonary tuberculosis with low fever and long cough. If there is hemoptysis, fresh lotus root can be added to cooperate with each other to increase the hemostatic effect.

Nutrition of pear

Pear contains vitamins, organic acids, calcium, phosphorus and other minerals; Contains aspartic acid, which is beneficial to protect the kidney; Vitamin B 1 and B2 contained in it have certain effects on regulating nervous system, increasing heart vitality and relieving fatigue. Patients with hypertension eat more pears, which have the functions of clearing away heat, nourishing yin and relieving cough, and can relieve symptoms such as thirst, dizziness, boredom and constipation caused by hypertension. Eating pears in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis can relieve symptoms such as dry cough, thick phlegm, hemoptysis, five upset and fever caused by lung yin deficiency. Pears contain a lot of fructose, which is easy to absorb. In addition, with the cooperation of various vitamins, it can stimulate appetite, help digestion and protect the liver.

] Pay attention to eating pears.

Pears are cold and help damp, and eating too much will hurt the spleen and stomach, so people who are cold and afraid of cold should eat less. Pear contains more fruit acid and stomach acid, so it is not advisable to eat more. Pear has diuretic effect, and people with frequent urination at night should eat less pears before going to bed. Patients with blood deficiency, chills, diarrhea and cold hands and feet should not eat more pears. It is best to cook them before eating them to prevent the symptoms of dampness and cold from getting worse. Pears are high in sugar, so diabetics should be careful. Pear contains a lot of fruit acid, so it is not suitable to be used with alkaline drugs, such as aminophylline and baking soda. Pears should not be eaten with crabs to prevent diarrhea. For relieving cough and resolving phlegm, sweet pears with high sugar content should not be selected.

Pear treatment method

The most popular pear diet can be regarded as boiling sugar water or soup with apricots, pears and tremella, which is quite effective for dry mouth. However, it should be noted that this recipe is cold in pear and cold in snow ear, which is more suitable for people who need to clear away heat due to excess heat or deficiency fire. In case of physical weakness and cold, you don't need snow ears. If this prescription is slightly modified, it can strengthen the effect of 3 yuan (9g) Fritillaria cirrhosa on invigorating lung qi. If matched with lily, it can nourish yin and soothe the nerves.