The Egyptian catfish, also known as the leather catfish, belongs to the order Siluriformes, the family Catidae, and the genus Catharus. Egyptian catfish has high protein content, rich nutrition, delicious taste, and has nourishing and medicinal values. The Egyptian catfish is one of the fastest growing species in the catfish family. The fry of that year can reach commercial specifications (450-600g/tail) after 3 to 4 months of rearing. In 1998, the Egyptian catfish seeds introduced from the south to our county achieved the expected results after three and a half months of production testing. The results of the production testing are now reported as follows: 1. Materials and methods 1. Pond conditions: ordinary fish pond, area 2.2 acres, the average water depth is 1.5m, the pond has good water retention performance and has injection and drainage facilities. The water source is underground well water and goes through a certain process. 2. Fish pond disinfection: Use 200kg of quicklime to disinfect the fish pond on June 1, and inject 1m deep well water on June 3 (shallow water is good for raising the temperature). Apply 500kg of chicken manure at the same time. 3. Seed release: On June 10, 10,000 Egyptian catfish seedlings (5-6cm) were released after water testing. The fish bodies were disinfected with a seedling net before entering the pond. 4. Feeding and management: In the first half month after the seedlings enter the pond, pig blood and minced fish paste are fed. Later, wild fish, livestock and poultry scraps and pellet feed are mixed and fed. During feeding, sound is used to induce conditioned reflexes in Egyptian bearded catfish for domestication and feeding. Feed twice a day, with each feeding amount accounting for 5 to 10% of the fish's body weight, and will increase or decrease depending on the weather, water quality, and fish feeding conditions. We must patrol the pond every day and keep records. 2. Test results From entering the pond on June 10 to leaving the pond on September 25, after three and a half months of rearing, Egyptian catfish were first caught, weighing 3380kg, totaling 6500 fish, with a survival rate of 65%. For details, see The table below: Table of entering and exiting the pond Survival rate time specification Mantissa time specification Mantissa Yield per mu June 10th 5~6cm 130,000 tail September 25th 450~600g65001536kg65% 3. Economic benefit analysis 2.2 acres of pond* **3,380kg of Egyptian catfish were caught, with a total output value of 54,080 yuan. Feeding 5630kg of pellet feed, 6100kg of wild fish and livestock and poultry scraps, the total cost of feed is 23835 yuan, the total production cost is 39725 yuan, the total profit is 14355 yuan, and the profit per mu is 6525 yuan. 4. Analysis and Discussion After three and a half months of production trials, it has been proven that high yields can be achieved by raising Egyptian catfish at high density during high temperature seasons in our region, as long as the water quality is good, the feed is sufficient, and disease prevention work is done well. 1. Stocking density: Due to the well-developed auxiliary organs on the gills of Egyptian bearded catfish and the respiration of the skin, it has strong hypoxia tolerance. As long as the water quality is fresh and the feed is sufficient, it can be raised at high density. The number of 5-8cm fish species can reach 10-20 per square meter. 2. Water quality control: Due to the high input density of fish species, it is easy to pollute the water quality when feeding animal scraps. Therefore, timely water changes and water injections are required, and residual bait and excrement must be removed frequently to prevent water pollution. The water depth during the entire breeding period should be Keep it at an average of about 1.5m. 3. Feeding: Since the Egyptian catfish is an omnivorous fish that mainly feeds on animal food, when raising it, attention must be paid to supplying a certain proportion of animal protein feed, appropriately supplemented with some plant feed, to ensure its rapid growth. . Therefore, during the feeding process, we always insist on mixing and feeding mainly wild fish, animal scraps, and pellet feed. 4. Fish disease prevention and control: Due to the high stocking density of fish species, fish disease prevention and control must be done well. Use quicklime to disinfect the fish pond before the fish enter the pond, and use a seedling net to disinfect the fish body when entering the pond. During the breeding period, since most of the soil in our area is acidic (PH 5.5-6.5), quicklime water is poured every half month to adjust the water quality. When feeding animal scraps, combine it with Sepsinin. In mid-July, a small number of fish suffered from leukoderma. The whole pond was sprayed with chlorfenin for 3 days, and the effect was good. No other fish diseases occurred in the future. 5. Escape prevention: In high-density pond farming, Egyptian catfish are most likely to escape, especially during heavy rains or heavy rains. Egyptian catfish are very active and crawl to the shore around the pond. Therefore, escape prevention work must be done. During the breeding period, because the pond ridge was too low, some fish escaped after a heavy rain, which was the main reason for the 65% survival rate.

Duiyan (Huachuan County Fisheries Bureau)

700 ML Service

2003.10 By

Nanfang Circle Yaxin carefully studied and cultivated the 'Q-nurturing' ^

550001 Guizhou Province Fisheries Technology Promotion Station Xie Qiaoxiong Wu Xiuli

Southern Dakou Painting is also known as Dakou Painting, commonly known as Wujiang Painting

Jiang Painting, mainly distributed in my country In the Yangtze River system, the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou Province has a large distribution. The large mouth knot is

a kind of carnivorous large-scale economic fish. The average individual

can reach 3 to 5 kilograms, and the largest individual can reach 50 kilograms

. The meat is smooth and tender, delicious and has no intermuscular thorns, so it is favored by consumers.

(1) Biological Characteristics

1. Food habits: Largemouth Gill is a ferocious carnivorous fish, preying on fish, shrimp and other aquatic animals. Due to its large diameter, it can prey on fish up to 1/

3 in body length. When food is scarce, they often cannibalize each other. Under artificial breeding conditions, compound feed can be fed from the fingerling stage.

2. The ecological habits of this fish are eurythermic. The living water temperature is 0-38`C, and the suitable growth water temperature is 18-

32`C. The ability to tolerate hypoxia is weaker than that of carps. The dissolved oxygen in the water for normal growth needs to be above 3 mg/L. If it is below 2 mg/L, floating heads will appear.

It lives a benthic life in natural water areas, sleeping during the day and eating at night.

3. Breeding habits of large-mouthed gills in rivers

The breeding season is from April to June. Artificially cultivated broodstock can be obtained about one month in advance. Mature. It can lay eggs 2 to 3 times a year. The water temperature required for egg laying is 18-289C. The eggs are oily yellow and have strong sinking and viscosity.

(2) Cultivation of fry

Artificially hatched fry can open their mouths to feed 3 days after their membranes emerge.

At this time, the fry cultivation stage begins, and two methods, cage cultivation and cement tank cultivation, are generally used.

1, A 1 box cultivation selects mesh 40-60

Mesh mesh made of 2-3 square meters and placed in a lake with a certain amount of micro-flowing water Or in a pond, human water

0.8 to 1.0 meters. The stocking density of fry is 2500-3000 fish/cubic meter. After the fry are in the box, pick up the small larvae of the scratchers and feed them. After 2 to 3 days, they can feed freely.

(3) Prevention and treatment of fish diseases

Tea Dai can also prevent and treat fish hemorrhagic diseases, as well as

bacterial gill rot, red skin, enteritis, etc. It should be carried out within 1 month after the fish species

are filled into the pond, or during the summer and autumn fish disease

outbreak seasons (April to October), the water depth should be 1 meter per acre

< p> Boil 5 kilograms of fresh tea from the fish pond, cut the tea drum into the size of a bowl, and step into pieces into the mud around and in the middle of the pond. Tea drum pieces are dissolved slowly in cold water

The concentration of toxins that can cause fish death cannot be released in a short period of time, but activities such as water movement, swimming and breathing of fish can cause exposure

< p>The toxins in the tea drum can not only kill pathogens on the fish body surface

and fish gills, but also kill parasites

. It is best to insist on it 2-3 times a month. It also has a good preventive effect on fish that are not sick

and has an obvious therapeutic effect on fish that have been sick

; also It can be mixed with

quicklime (sprinkle with 20 kilograms of dissolved water) or bleach

white powder (for 1 mu of fish ponds with a water depth of 1 meter, use 1 kilogram of

dissolved water) The effect of using drugs such as splashing) is better. 0

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Feed red worms. The amount of bait should be kept fresh and sufficient. The feeding time is divided into 2-3 times, one of which is scheduled at 8-9 pm. The feeding amount in the evening accounts for the whole day

p>

50% to 60% of the amount. Keep a high level of bait in the box, and keep the biological density of the bait at 10-25

individuals/ml to avoid fry They eat each other

because of lack of food. Clean the cage every day to avoid dirt clogging the mesh, resulting in insufficient exchange of water in the cage, and insufficient dissolved oxygen in the water, causing a large number of fish fry to die.

2, P -k * For cultivation, a rectangular or garden-shaped cement pool of 3 to 8 square meters is generally selected.

It has convenient drainage and

You need to adjust the pool water depth

at will. If the amount of fresh water is insufficient, an air pump can be placed in the pool to inflate and add oxygen at any time. The stocking density is 3000 to 3500/square meter. The type and amount of bait

are the same as those in the cage culture method

. Use a siphon to suck out the dirt in the pool every day. Under

18-23℃ water temperature conditions, the fry can be cultivated for 7 to 10

days and can generally reach a size of about 3 cm.

This It can be transferred to the breeding stage of mermaid species.

(3) Cultivation of fish species

1. Cage and pond cultivation methods can still be used to cultivate fish species by selecting conditions.

Cage cultivation method_ 8 to 10 mesh meshes are made into 4-25 cubic meter cages, and the top of the cage can be covered with a pond.

10 - 100 square meters of rectangular or garden-shaped cement pond

or 60 to 250 square meters of hard soil pond with flat bottom and no dirt

. p>2. The cultivation method strictly adopts the hierarchical cultivation method

Due to the ferocious nature of Dakou All, the fish stages grow faster and have greater individual differences and can kill each other

p>

The phenomenon of eating is very serious. Usually every 5 days, use

fish sieves of appropriate specifications to grade, and re-divide the pools or boxes according to different specifications

. Cultivate fish species of the same size

in the same water body, and the difference in individual size

should not exceed 1/3. Gradually reduce the stocking density

according to the Different specifications can range from

150-800 tails/cubic meter. The density of stocking in earth ponds can be moderately reduced, not exceeding 350

tails/cubic meter. .

3. Feeding method: transfer the fry to fish

In the early stage of breeding, use Cul feeding and ifi feeding

Use high water before feeding. Soak in potassium manganate solution, and the feeding amount is 20% of the fish body, three times a day, and the feeding amount at night is 50% of the whole day's amount. More than 5 cm in length

If conditions permit, other types of bait fry such as carp, squid, slotted fish or

white strips can be fed instead For fish, the feeding amount should be 5-10 times the gill density of the large mouth. If the source of live food is limited, acclimated feeding should be started. Generally, cage cultivation is easier.

At the beginning of domestication, the feeding frequency of large mouth gills is not high. You can add a small amount of small maggots (about 10%) to the food. It will take about 5 days to basically eat.

Fish species cultivated in cement ponds or earthen ponds can also be cultivated according to the same method, but the taming time will be longer

< p>After 30-35 days of cultivation, the fish can reach the level of

one scoop of steamed rice and begin to enter the adult fish breeding stage.

(4) Adult fish breeding

Adult fish can be raised in ponds, cages and

rice fields.

1. For pond breeding, choose a pond with an area of ??I-

3 acres, easy access and drainage, a flat bottom with 5-

10 cm of silt, and use quicklime to clear the pond. disinfect. Mainly raise large-mouthed ponds

The stocking density of large-mouthed gill fish species in ponds is 10% per

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800-1200 fish per mu, matched with 100-150 fish species of 75-100 grams size. Ponds with giant mouth spiders should be stocked with 30-50 giant mouth spiders per acre, and the proportion of other fish should remain unchanged. There is basically no need to feed. The main sources of bait are wild fish and sick and weak fish in the pond. The bait structure of the pond that mainly supports largemouth spiders

is mainly animal bait. It can also be fed with

combined bait. The main types of bait are small fish and shrimp, animal offal, maggots, snail meat, etc. Live bait fish can

be put in every 3-4 days. Generally, each feeding should be kept at about 40% of the body weight of the fish, and its

< p>Animal feed is fed at a rate of 10% to 15%

every day. The feed must be fresh, in moderate amounts, and fed at multiple points to avoid wasting feed and contaminating water quality. Feed the combined bait at a feed rate of 3% to 5% every day.

2. For kI box breeding cages, choose 5m x 5m

m x 2.5m or 6m x 6m x 2.5m poly

ethylene cage , 2 meters per person. Cover the top of the box. The cages

are placed in lakes with micro-flowing water, and multiple cages are arranged in the shape of a letter

. Steel cage structures are used in rivers with fast flowing water. Southern largemouth clams with sizes less than 20 grams

stocking at 120 to 150 per cubic meter; Southern largemouth clams with sizes above 100g

stocked per cubic meter

Quantity does not exceed 50 tails. The specifications of the fish species should be maintained

the same, and the fish should be graded and divided into boxes every 15 days, and the boxes

should be cleaned to avoid cannibalism. The type of bait is consistent with the pond

rearing method. Feed 2 to 3 times a day, and the bait should be fresh and sufficient. Flexibly control the amount of feed according to the weather and feeding activities

3. For rice field breeding, the rice field area is 2-

5 acres, and a deep excavation of 8% of the field area is excavated on one side of the field

7 W umm< /p>

200 3., . Trapped

The fish is 1.2 meters long. There are several gaps in the fish ditch to pass through.

The ditch is connected to the field. The fish ditch is 40-50 cm wide and 50-60 cm deep

It is in the shape of "ten", "it" or "bin". It is easy to enter the water. The largemouth clam species are stocked at a stocking ratio of 30-50 tails per acre. For each person, raise 100 grams of grass carp per acre and 15 to 20 fish. The bait structure is similar to the first two feeding methods.

Similarly, animal feed is usually ground into minced meat, mixed with bean cakes or other plant feeds and thrown into the fish

and fish ditches, or it can be fed directly

Adhere to the "four fixed" principles of feeding

feeding materials. At the same time,

use light insect trapping method to supplement the feed source

daily. : Feed animal feed at 8% to 10% or compound feed at 3% to 5% twice a day, with nighttime feeding accounting for the entire day.

About 70%

(4) Disease prevention and control

Dakui has strong disease resistance and is prone to common diseases

Less. Generally, fish diseases are more common in the fry stage.

Common diseases include white-headed and white-mouthed disease, and hemorrhagic disease. Small melon worm disease is common in cement ponds. . Enteritis and printing disease are prone to occur in the adult fish stage.

Because the large-mouthed fish is a scaleless fish, it is sensitive to a variety of drugs

and can easily cause fish death. Generally

do not use highly irritating drugs. Usually, the dosage

should be lower than the usual dosage, or it is better to use small amounts of drugs multiple times

. Generally, 0.3 to 0.4

mg/L of crystalline trichlorfon or 0.4 to 0,5 mg/L of a mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) is used< /p>

Spray all over to prevent and treat parasitic diseases. Made of oxytetracycline,

sulfonamides, pentonones and other antibacterial drugs

Oral bait can prevent and treat bacterial diseases