Precautions in the first three months of pregnancy, the first month of pregnancy
◎ The first month of pregnancy refers to the time within four weeks from the first day of the last menstruation.
◎ Physiological characteristics:
If a pregnant woman's menstrual cycle is 28-30 days, sperm and eggs will combine on the second weekend of pregnancy. About 4 days after fertilization, the sperm eggs that split into cell clusters reach the uterus along the fallopian tubes. In the third week, the outer membrane of the cell mass was removed to prepare for implantation. At the fourth week, embryonic cells have been firmly implanted in the uterus. The third trimester of pregnancy to the fourth week of the first month of pregnancy is called germ stage. The body of the embryo is 0.5- 1 cm, which looks like a small hippocampus.
◎ Instructions for pregnant women:
In the first month of pregnancy, most pregnant women did not respond.
The first month is the period when the neural tube, limbs and eyes begin to differentiate. At this time, once encountering harmful substances, the cells of these tissues and organs stop developing and become incomplete and deformed.
Don't go to theaters, dance halls, shops and other places to avoid contact with patients with influenza, rubella and infectious hepatitis. Try not to use drugs. Both viruses and drugs may affect the baby's development.
Stay away from electromagnetic pollution and keep a certain distance when listening to the stereo and watching TV. Try to use computers, microwave ovens and mobile phones as little as possible. When the heating has just stopped, pregnant women should not sleep on electric blankets, because it will produce electromagnetic fields, which are harmful to pregnant women and fetuses.
Avoid drinking strong tea, strong coffee and cola drinks. The ideal drink for pregnant women is boiled water.
Use soap for washing clothes, not washing powder; Wash dishes with detergent without harmful substances.
You must wash your hands after cutting raw meat. When cooking instant-boiled mutton, be sure to stir-fry the meat thoroughly. Prevent Toxoplasma gondii in raw meat from infecting the fetus.
Don't immerse your hands directly in cold water when washing rice and vegetables. Cold stimulation may lead to miscarriage. Families without water heaters should buy some pairs of rubber gloves.
In the first month of pregnancy, the baby doesn't need much nutrition. But from now on, we must cultivate good eating habits, not picky eaters, not partial eclipse, and maintain a nutritional balance.
◎ Tip:
Continuing to supplement folic acid under the guidance of a doctor will protect fertilized eggs from deformity to the maximum extent.
The second month of pregnancy
◎ Physiological characteristics:
In the second month of pregnancy (5-8 weeks), the embryo develops into an embryo.
Does an embryo have a body? Tail? , can distinguish the eyes, as well as the small ridges on the hands and feet, these small ridges are the future fingers and toes. This month is the differentiation and formation period of most fetal organs, so it is also called embryonic organ formation period. In the fifth week of pregnancy, the neural tube of the embryo is gradually formed. These neural tubes will develop into brains and spines in the future.
About 7 weeks pregnant, the fetus is 2-3 cm long and weighs about 4 grams. It has grown hands and feet, and its eyes, ears and mouth can also be seen roughly. The face was originally human-like.
◎ Instructions for pregnant women:
After the fifth week, the embryo enters the stage of organ differentiation, and its susceptibility is the greatest. It is still important to avoid viruses, toxic chemicals and radiation.
If menstruation is overdue for 7 days, you should go to the hospital to confirm whether you are pregnant.
Early pregnancy reaction starts from 4-7 weeks of pregnancy, and the time, symptoms and reaction degree vary from person to person.
A few pregnant women have a serious reaction, 80% have a reaction, and some have no reaction.
Pregnancy reactions are generally manifested as nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting on an empty stomach, dizziness and fatigue, and no smell of smoke or odor. These reactions will naturally disappear after three months of pregnancy.
Increase sleep time by one hour every day and pay attention to rest.
Ensure adequate oxygen and walk in the green space or tree-lined area for one hour every day.
Being happy is very important. Although you have no direct contact with your baby's nervous system, there is an exchange of blood substances and endocrine, and your emotional changes will cause some chemical changes.
In diet, we should choose light, delicious and digestible food. At this point, eat as much as you can, and don't worry too much about nutrition.
Be careful not to be short of water, so that toxic substances in the body can be excreted from the urine in time.
Threatened abortion and spontaneous abortion are most likely to occur during this period, and violent actions should be avoided.
◎ Tip:
To overcome the pregnancy reaction, the role of the husband is indispensable. Caring, loving and caring for his wife and keeping her in a good mood is the best way to help her overcome pregnancy reaction.
The third month of pregnancy
◎ Physiological characteristics:
The third month of pregnancy means within four weeks from the ninth week.
By the tenth week, the embryonic period is over and the fetus enters. Fingers and toes are clearly visible, placenta begins to form, and umbilical cord gradually grows. By the eleventh week, the pregnant woman's uterus is as big as a fist. If you press around the uterus, you can feel it. At this time, the sex organs of the fetus are formed.
The body of the fetus grows one millimeter every day, and it will grow to nine millimeters in the third month.
In the third month, the early pregnancy reaction intensifies, and at the same time, the enlarged uterus compresses the bottom of the bladder, which will cause frequent urination. About 0/2 weeks after pregnancy, the uterus will cross the pelvic cavity and enter the abdominal cavity, reducing bladder pressure and improving urinary frequency.
◎ Instructions for pregnant women:
This month is still the most teratogenic period of the fetus, and pregnant expectant mothers should be wary of all kinds of viruses and chemical poisons.
If you have a bad appetite, you should eat well, and eat more foods rich in protein and fresh fruits and vegetables. Make it light and refreshing.
If you vomit badly, you should go to the hospital for examination. Infusion therapy is very effective.
If you feel backache, you can eat some donkey-hide gelatin and steam10g donkey-hide gelatin with proper amount of sugar. Or take Liuwei Dihuang pills twice a day for several days, one at a time. Generally speaking, normal pregnancy.
Women do not feel low back pain, which is mostly a sign of threatened abortion, and should be paid attention to and treated in time.
To ensure adequate sleep, it is best to sleep for one or two hours at noon every day.
Under the influence of a large amount of estrogen in the body, since this month, there have been some changes in the oral cavity, such as gingival congestion, edema, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of gingival papillae, which is very easy to bleed when touched, which is medically called pregnancy gingivitis. Pregnant women should insist on brushing their teeth and gargling carefully in the morning and evening to prevent bacteria from multiplying in the mouth.
When the temperature is suitable, you should walk in parks and green spaces for one hour every day.
Don't apply cool oil after mosquito bites.
◎ Tip:
Folic acid supplementation should last until the end of the third month.
At the end of this month, you should go to the hospital designated by the street office to apply for the perinatal health care manual, so that you can have regular prenatal check-ups in the future.
Dietary guidance in the first three months of pregnancy should first adjust your weight, which is a long-term adjustment process.
Low body weight may affect fetal development and postpartum breastfeeding, and it is unbearable for physical exertion caused by childbirth, which leads to unfavorable childbirth. Therefore, we should strengthen nutrition, especially high-quality protein and fatty foods, so as to make the body weight close to the normal level before pregnancy.
Being overweight is not conducive to childbirth. Overweight or obesity of women has also become an unfavorable factor for pregnancy and childbirth, and a risk factor for pregnancy-induced hypertension, pregnancy-induced diabetes and other diseases.
Dieting and weight loss measures should not be taken during pregnancy, and the normal development of the fetus should be ensured. Therefore, obese women should take reasonable nutrition and appropriate physical exercise before pregnancy, so as to reach or approach the ideal weight of women and improve their health and adaptability.
The husband and wife quit smoking and drinking three months before pregnancy.
Nicotine in cigarettes and ethanol in wine are harmful to sperm and eggs. Therefore, couples should quit smoking and drinking to ensure the quality of sperm and eggs. Do not eat spicy food for 3-6 months before pregnancy. Spicy food will affect the digestive function of pregnant women, causing indigestion, constipation or hemorrhoids. But also affect the absorption of maternal nutrition by the fetus.
Women should start taking folic acid supplements in the third month before pregnancy.
Folic acid is a nutrient of embryonic nervous system, which may lead to neural tube malformation if lacking.
Couples should use drugs carefully in the first three months of pregnancy.
Especially antibiotics for cold medicines, doctors should be informed of their pregnancy plans before prescribing them. Some contraceptives should also be stopped in the first three months of pregnancy. A large amount of synthetic progesterone contained in contraceptives has an impact on embryo development.
Don't eat too much high-sugar food before pregnancy.
A large number of high-sugar foods may cause disorder of glucose metabolism, and pregnant women are prone to gestational diabetes, which will affect the healthy development and growth of the fetus and easily lead to premature delivery, abortion or stillbirth. The baby may become a macrosomia or a patient with brain development disorder.
The following foods can be eaten properly and are very beneficial to health.
Livestock and poultry blood, kelp, spring leek (used with caution by pregnant women), marine fish, bean sprouts, fresh fruit and vegetable juice.
Eat less food.
Ham, sausage, bacon, pickled fish, pickles, don't eat smoked food such as mutton skewers. Eat less canned food and drink less drinks. When washing vegetables, pay attention to removing residual pesticides by soaking.
Dietary reference before pregnancy
It is suggested that couples should consume livestock and poultry fish 150-200g, eggs 1-2, bean products 50- 150g, vegetables 500ml, fruits 100- 150g, and staple foods 400-600g every day.