In ancient times, there were several ways to call me "I"-an old woman called her husband "my humble husband"
The princess and queen called themselves "concubines" before the emperor.
The princess and queen called themselves "my palace" in front of courtiers.
The widowed empress dowager claimed to be "bereaved"
Folk women call themselves "little women" and "civilians"
Women humbly call their appearance "the posture of willow" (in ancient times, willow was regarded as the foundation of the tree)
Unmarried women are called slaves.
Others: "I"-humbly calling myself or my own things bad, such as me, modestly calling myself;
My family name, humbly address my family name;
I am humble about my house and residence.
"Humble"-call yourself humble.
"Servant"-humbly call yourself the servant of the other party, and using it means serving the other party.
"Dare"-means to take the liberty of asking others.
If you dare to ask, it is used to ask each other questions;
Old women who dare to ask others to do something call themselves "old women"
Address each other's age (mostly young women)-"Fang's age"
Call each other names (mostly young women)-"Fang's name"
Appellations of ancient women: women called themselves slaves-concubines, humble concubines and handmaiden-old women called themselves husbands-humble husbands, princesses and queens called themselves courtiers in front of the emperor-courtiers, princesses and queens were courtiers. "bitterness" refers to the other person's age (mostly used for young women)-"age" refers to the other person's name (mostly used for young women)-"Fang Ming" refers to her modest appearance-"Liu Pu's posture" (willow was regarded as the base of the tree in ancient times).
Others: "I"-humbly calling myself or my own things bad, such as me, modestly calling myself; My family name, humbly address my family name; I am humble about my house and residence. "Humble"-call yourself humble. "Servant"-humbly call yourself the servant of the other party, and using it means serving the other party. "Dare"-means to take the liberty of asking others. If you dare to ask, it is used to ask each other questions; Dare to ask, used to ask the other party to do something; Dare to disturb, used to trouble the other party to do something. "Clumsy"-I am used to using my own things to give others, such as my poor handwriting, and humbly address my own words or paintings; Poor works, poor works, articles that humble oneself; My humble opinion, my humble opinion; Humble Jing, wife, wife: call yourself a wife. "Small"-address yourself or people or things related to yourself humbly, such as little women, little women; Children: humble son; Daughter: address your daughter humbly; Villain: people with low status claim to be themselves; Kid: the younger generation of the child claims to be the elder of the father and brother; Xiaoke (common in early vernacular): it is the modesty of people with a certain status, indicating that they are ordinary and insignificant; Small shop: call yourself a small shop. Scholars laugh at themselves by saying that they are young, late in life and late in study. , indicating that they are new learners; If you are modest, incompetent (not wise) and unscrupulous (not enterprising), it means that you have no talent or your talent is mediocre. "Home"-a modest word commonly used by the ancients to address their relatives and friends. "Home" is a modest word used to address a person's elders or older relatives, such as my father, a respected and strict family and a family gentleman: call him father; The kindness of my mother and family: called mother; Brother: call brother; Sister: called sister; Uncle: Call him uncle, and so on. "Shed"-used to address one's home or humble relatives humbly. The former is like a humble home, and the latter is like a younger brother: brother; Sister: called sister; Give up a nephew: call it a nephew; She Qin: Call relatives. When the ancients talked about themselves, their honorifics varied according to their status. Generally speaking, we can say "I", "I", "I'm young", "I'm not talented" and "I'm stupid", and a single word can say "servant", such as "servant is not inferior and almost helpless" (Sima Qian's "Reporting for Ren 'an"), which can be said to be "stupid" or "stealing". Ministers can say "minister", "minister" and even "slave" in front of the monarch (doesn't Little Shenyang often say this? ), committed a crime and said, "guilty minister." Officials at lower levels call themselves "Xiaguan" and "Beizhi" in front of their superiors. The junior generals call themselves "the last generals" in front of the commander-in-chief. The monarch calls himself "I am a widow", "lonely" and "I". The servant girl calls herself a "handmaiden" in front of her master. People say "little people" and "untouchables" in front of officials. Ancient women humbly called themselves concubines, concubines and concubines. Monks call themselves "poor monks", "poor people" and "poor people" These are the humble words of the ancients to themselves. And:
1. I: the humble words claimed by the ancients.
2. Minister: The self-declaration of ancient officials in front of the royal family.
3. Loneliness: The ancient emperor claimed to be
4. Villain: In ancient times, some subordinates claimed to be superiors, and slaves claimed to be masters, meaning to belittle themselves in order to raise the listener; It also refers to the bad guys.
5. Next: The ancients claimed to be
6. Your Majesty: a title of respect for the emperor
7. Your Excellency: a title of respect for an obedient object.
8. Your son: refers to the other person's son.
9. Stupidity: self-addressing, modesty.
10. Slave: In ancient times, some subordinates called themselves superiors, and slaves called themselves masters, which meant to belittle themselves to raise their listeners.
1 1. Mr.: Teacher; A title for a highly knowledgeable person.
12. Nu Wa: Ancient women claimed themselves.
13. Late students: Generally, scholars claim themselves in front of people with higher qualifications than themselves.
14: Qing: the names of ancient senior officials; In ancient times, the monarch was a vassal; In ancient times, lovers or good friends used to express their dear greetings.
15: Your father: a courtesy title for the listener's father.
The ancients claimed to be different because of their different status.
Ancient modesty
(1) expresses modesty and is used to claim compensation.
A fool claims to be not smart, like a foolish brother, and claims to be younger than himself; My humble opinion, tell me your own opinion. You can also call yourself "stupid" by yourself.
Humble call yourself shallow in knowledge, like me, humble call yourself; Despise and humble one's own views; Despise oneself.
I humbly call myself or my own things bad, like me, humbly call myself; My family name, humbly address my family name; I am humble about my house and residence; Our school: call your school modestly.
Humble and humble, call yourself humble.
Stealing means privately, privately, and it often means bold and abrupt when used.
I humbly declare that I am not as tall as the other person.
Servants humbly call themselves servants of the other side, and using it means serving the other side.
Dare to ask others. If you dare to ask, it is used to ask each other questions; Dare to ask, used to ask the other party to do something; Dare to disturb, used to trouble the other party to do something.
It is clumsy to take your own things for others. If my handwriting is not good, I humbly call my own words or paintings; Poor works, poor works, articles that humble oneself; My humble opinion, my humble opinion; Humble Jing, wife, wife: call yourself a wife.
Xiaoqian calls himself or people or things related to him, such as his younger brother: among friends or acquaintances, men call themselves modest; Children: humble son; Daughter: address your daughter humbly; Villain: people with low status claim to be themselves; Kid: the younger generation of the child claims to be the elder of the father and brother; Xiaoke (common in early vernacular): it is the modesty of people with a certain status, indicating that they are ordinary and insignificant; Small shop: call yourself a small shop. Scholars laugh at themselves by saying that they are young, late in life and late in study. , indicating that they are new learners; If you are modest, incompetent (not wise) and unscrupulous (not enterprising), it means that you have no talent or your talent is mediocre.
The ancients said that their relatives and friends often used modest words. "Home" is a modest word used to address a person's elders or older relatives, such as my father, a respected and strict family and a family gentleman: call him father; The kindness of my mother and family: called mother; Brother: call brother; Sister: called sister; Uncle: Call him uncle, and so on.
Shed is used to address a person's home or a humble relative. The former is like a humble home, and the latter is like a younger brother: brother; Sister: called sister; Give up a nephew: call it a nephew; She Qin: Call relatives.
When an old man laughs at himself, he uses old man, old man, old man like me and so on. To belittle yourself or something related to yourself. Like a redneck: modestly calling himself uneducated; Old face: the old man refers to his own face; Old woman: the old woman claims to be modest; The old monk calls himself an old woman; The old official calls himself an old minister.
I call myself an ordinary person
(2) Other words of self-modesty: The words of self-modesty of ancient emperors include me (I, mine, have called myself emperor since Qin Shihuang), loneliness (the king of a small country), widowhood (the person without virtue) and ignorance (not good). The words of modesty of ancient officials are Xiaguan, Last Guan and Small Guan. Because the ancients sat at the table and the elders were on it, the younger generation or people with low status were humble; Women call themselves concubines; Call your monarch a widowed monarch in other countries. Sons and daughters: call themselves children; Stupid birds fly first: it shows that their ability is poor, and they are afraid of falling behind and being one step ahead of others; Throw a brick to attract jade: modesty attracts others' sophisticated opinions with their shallow and immature opinions, and so on.
There were several ways to say hello in ancient times.
If you are an ancient tool, you can make it like a balance. An elephant, one is a stone, the other is a stone, and then you can weigh it when it is flat.
In ancient times, there were several names for honest officials. Since the feudal society, people have called good officials honest officials.
In the official historical records of laws and regulations, good officials are generally not called honest officials, but called "honest officials", "good officials" and "honest officials".
China is the first country in the world to establish bureaucracy. Since Sima Qian's Historical Records, there has been a typological evaluation of bureaucrats.
The standard of a good official is that different periods have different emphases. Sima Qian's standards are: teaching and educating people, being honest and honest, and obeying the law. In the Warring States, Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty, which advocated legalist politics, obeying the law was the most important criterion for a good official. Here we are "? Only respect Confucianism? "During the period, the standard of becoming a good official through education was implemented. However, it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of education. Since the year before the Three Kingdoms, according to Sima Yi's thought, honesty, prudence and diligence have become the official norms, and honest officials have gradually become synonymous with good officials. Compared with corrupt officials, honest officials are beneficial to the people, do good things for the people, have played a positive role in social history and are more praised by the people; Their honesty and justice in law enforcement are still of great significance to today's rule of law and clean government construction.
In the history of our country, there appeared a large number of honest officials who dared to plead for the people, were honest and clean, and did not hesitate to lose their posts and dismiss them. Among them, Bao Zheng, who was praised by the people as "Yamaraja Bao Lao", Harry, who dared to accuse the emperor, and Yuan Keli, who resisted the decree and killed the jester. These acts, out of public interest, do not hesitate to offend the emperors and dignitaries of the dynasty, and are in danger of directly losing their official positions and beheading them. This is far more commendable than some Han Chinese officials who rely on chaff to swallow vegetables and wear shabby official clothes, such as "tofu soup" and "pumpkin beard", which have never been seen before.
However, nothing exists independently. One yin and one yang, one good and one evil will happen occasionally. Qing Liu e's Sixteen Records of the Old Handicapped says: corrupt officials are hateful, and everyone knows that honest officials are especially hateful, but many people just don't know it. Corrupt officials know that they are sick and dare not do evil openly; Honest officials think I don't want money. Why not? Headstrong, small kill people, big mistake country. We saw it with our own eyes, and we don't know how many. Try to see Xu Tong and Li Bingheng, it is obvious. In the twenty-four histories, ten fingers are invincible. The author earnestly hopes that the world will be honest and upright, and that if you don't want money, you won't be willful. The novel has always exposed the sins of corrupt officials. Those who expose evil officials begin with Lao Can's travels. For example, some Han officials in the Qing Dynasty succumbed to the high-handed rule of the Qing Dynasty, boasting that they were honest and upright, and suppressed the Han people ideologically in the name of eliminating pornography in order to win the favor of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. For example, Tang Bin, who was infinitely promoted as a famous Neo-Confucianism minister by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, is a model of Han officials set up to fight against Lv Liuliang, a famous Neo-Confucianism scholar with high national consciousness.
There were several ways to die in ancient times. The cruelest nine dishes in ancient China.
The ninth drunken shrimp
As the name implies, if you put live shrimp in wine, it will soon get drunk (it should be said that it is drunk). Consumers can not only taste the fresh fragrance of shrimp, but also taste the fragrance of wine, killing two birds with one stone, how to enjoy it?
Tolerance:
Eighth place air-dried chicken
When you make this kind of thing, you need some skills, and it must be very fast. This is Tibetan food. The master plucked the hair and removed the dirt. The chicken was stuffed with seasoning, sewed and hung in a ventilated place (without bleeding). At this time, the chicken must still be alive, and then it coos in the snow like a wind chime, which is spectacular.
Tolerance:
Seventh place: Dragon beard chicken feet
A very elegant dish, Gracilaria lemaneiformis is the whiskers of live carp, and chicken feet are a piece of lean meat in the middle of the palm of a live chicken. The specific cooking method is unknown.
Tolerance:
The sixth name is donkey.
Have you ever eaten fresh donkey meat? The freshest donkey meat is just a newly killed donkey, right? A live donkey is different. Donkeys don't have to be killed at all. They just dig meat out of live donkeys. Listening to the barking of the donkey in the backyard, the front hall is eating a part of the donkey as if nothing had happened, which is really delicious.
Tolerance:
No.5 roasted duck Zhang
Place the live duck on a slightly hot iron plate, and heat the iron plate coated with seasoning. Live ducks will walk around the iron plate because of the heat, and then start jumping. Finally, the duck's paw is cooked, but the duck is still alive. Cut off your feet and put them on the table for other purposes.
Tolerance:
Fourth place iron plate turtle
Put the fresh turtle into the cold soup with seasoning and simmer it with slow fire. The tortoise is still alive. When the water gets warmer, the turtle will drink soup because of the heat, and the seasoning will naturally enter the turtle. The fire is getting hotter and hotter, and people with chopsticks are excited to watch the tortoise roll painfully in the pot. Finally, when the turtle is cooked, the soup outside and the soup the turtle drinks make the fish taste like soup, which is said to be very delicious.
Comments: The beauty lies in slow fire. When you kill it, don't kill it at once, but let the viewer enjoy the pleasure of slow torture.
Tolerance:
No.3 mingjiao donkey meat
This dish is also a donkey's problem. The live donkey is fixed, with boiling soup beside it. Consumers designate a certain part to eat, and the chef peels off the donkey skin to reveal fresh meat. Pour boiling soup on the meat with a wooden spoon. When the meat is cooked, cut it off and serve it on a plate.
Tolerance:
The second place is silent.
A plate of newborn mice (live) and a plate of seasoning. When a consumer holds a live mouse with chopsticks, the mouse will make a squeak (this is the first sound), when it receives the seasoning, the mouse will make a squeak again (this is the second sound), and when it is put into the consumer's mouth, the mouse will make the last sound. (* * * three answers) The menu is simple, and consumers need endless gluttony motivation and incomparable courage to taste this dish.
Tolerance:
The first monkey head
Hericium erinaceus mentioned here is by no means an edible mushroom Hericium erinaceus, but a real monkey brain. A square table with a hole in the middle, several people sit around the table. The hole in the middle is not as big as a hot pot or mala Tang, just enough for a monkey's head to stick out. A very cute monkey brought it out. It is said to be a special kind of monkey with a big head. The monkey's head sticks out of the small hole and is tied with metal, which is very tight. With a small hammer, the skull fell. The monkey's brain is exposed to the diners. At this time, some greedy people have risen to the red and white monkey brain with spoons, and with the scream of the dying monkey under the table, the horror of eating the monkey brain raw has begun.
What were the names of Dragon Boat Festival in ancient times? The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang Festival, Noon Festival, May Festival, Ai Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chung Noon Festival, Noon Festival and Summer Festival. Ending means "beginning" and "beginning", and the fifth day can be called ending five. In the lunar calendar, the earthly branch marks the moon, the shade is built in the first month, February is the base, and May to May is noon in turn, so May is called noon month, and "five" is connected with "noon", and "five" is also the yang number, so in some places, the Dragon Boat Festival is also called May Festival, Ai Festival and Summer Festival. According to historical records, the word "Dragon Boat Festival" first appeared in the local custom of Jin people and Zhou Dynasty: "Dragon Boat Festival in midsummer, cooking millet."
There are several names for the moon, Earth satellite 1 (I'm just saying), and the moon.
There are several ways to die. Starving to death, dying of old age, dying of illness, poisoning, drowning, biting, stabbing, hanging and crushing. If it doesn't hurt, take more sleeping pills. It is best to live well. Why did you die before you enjoyed your life?
Besides, you will die one day, and maybe you will be afraid of death then. When you get old, settle down and die, you won't be sad anyway.
There are several ways to die. There are many ways to die, but you are looking for the best way to die, which means you don't want to die yet. Do people who really want to die still care about how to die? Since there is still a place to miss the world, why not live well? I wrote an article myself. Please read it. It might help you.
Listen, Yu Dan
Yu Dan, a professor at Beijing Normal University said.
Idle, attracted by the program.
Zhuangzi, one of the representatives of Taoism, advocates "conforming to the times", which is different from the Confucian idea of "cherishing time, chasing and fighting with limited time, and establishing one's own ambition".
Zhuangzi said, "If you don't know life, how can you talk about death?" In other words, how can a person who doesn't know why or how to live talk about death? When we first understand Zhuangzi's thoughts, we may feel that his thoughts are too lonely and negative, and that people are too small in the world. But after careful analysis, we will find that Zhuangzi believes that no matter what form and social status people take, as long as they give full play to their own utility, they will realize the true value of life.
"Life is like a mouse's liver and an insect's arm." Life and death is just a change in human form, and a person's mentality determines his life in this society. I think this story has given us great enlightenment.
"Three people walked to a wall and saw a little spider crawling up from the corner, but there was a small rain trail on the wall, which was wet by the rain. Every time a spider climbs the rain path, it will fall down, then climb up from the corner and fall down again ... ".
At the same time, in view of what they saw, the three people had a new understanding of their lives:
A said, "It seems that life goes on, but that's all. What's the point of living from beginning to end? "
Someone once said, "Our life seems to have a lot to go. Imagine that if the little spider bypasses the rain channel and takes another road, she can climb the wall. " So I think we should not only live, but also be smart. "。
C said: "A little spider knows the truth of perseverance, so this little spider shows me the spirit of struggle and enterprising that people should have when they are alive. I not only want to live, but also live upward. " .
The same thing, three people have different feelings about life, and three different mentalities will inevitably affect three people's different living conditions. When a person plays his best in the existing form, when he is open-minded all his life and finally faces death, his heart will inevitably have no regrets, but he will laugh at death. ......
There are many frustrations and frustrations in our life. The key is to see how you face it. If you face it negatively, life will give you a gloomy and positive treatment, which will inevitably breed infinite power from your heart. Maybe a sunny sun is waving to us not far away. What do you say, friends?