Dietary environment and cultural characteristics
Ecological environment and cultural and historical characteristics of catering cultural circle in Northeast China
The northeast of China, located between 42 and 53 34' north latitude, is the coldest natural area. Being under the strong Mongolian high pressure, it is colder than any other area in the map, which is undoubtedly the basic feature of the natural ecology in Northeast China, thus becoming the primary environmental factor in the cultural history of this area. The rivers, lakes and marshes in Northeast China are rich in surface water resources, which not only ensures lush vegetation, but also creates superior conditions for the growth and species reproduction of land animals and plants. It also makes it the most superior area with extensive forests and vast grasslands in the history of China, and it is also the most ideal natural and comprehensive economic zone for hunting, animal husbandry, fishing and planting.
Food raw materials and natural resources should be the decisive environmental factors of food culture, especially the food culture in which human beings rely more on nature itself. Today, after a long time of great ecological changes, there are still17 million hectares of natural forest areas, accounting for 60% of the total forest resources in China. Many species, genera and a large number of animals live here, and they have contributed delicious food to people here together with rich botanical mountain products. Abundant waters provide a wide variety of fish for human beings. The vast plain grassland is a unique animal husbandry paradise. According to the author's preliminary research statistics on the food resources in Northeast China14-19 century, the situation is roughly as follows: there are more than 70 species of poultry, more than 50 species of livestock and beasts, more than 0/00 species of fish, more than 60 species of fruits and vegetables/kloc-. Until the middle of the 20th century, most areas in Northeast China were basically "beating roe deer to scoop out fish, and" pheasants flew into rice cookers ". The vast territory and sparse population should be another very important cultural feature of the Northeast food culture circle. The sparsely populated and vast living space in Northeast China determines the economic life of the simple "relying on the sky to eat" model. The population's pressure on nature seems to be weak, the ecological environment is almost in its infancy, and the consumption of thin population is only a very small part of countless natural products such as birds, animals, fish, fruits and vegetables. This makes the outstanding people in Northeast China maintain a basic balance for a long time. This food paradise in Northeast China, until the beginning of this century, has not been seriously damaged by the pressure of food. There is a reasonable harmonious relationship between the abundant food resources and the relatively scarce population. In the process of food chain circulation in nature, there has not been a subversion and collapse of the hierarchical structure of each trophic level caused by human intervention in many areas of the mainland. "Idling around and fooling around in the wild", a rural proverb that was still popular until 1950s, reflects the basic historical fact that farmers in Northeast China have extensive management and it is not difficult to make a living. In the long history, the residents in the inland areas of Northeast China have adopted such production methods as animal husbandry, hunting, fishing, gathering and planting in a reasonable order, and all of them have a reasonable food structure with meat (animals, poultry, fish and milk) as the mainstay and plant food (grains, fruits and vegetables) as the supplement. In southern Liaoning, because of the long-term geographical and historical conditions different from those in the inland, a food structure dominated by plants and supplemented by seafood has been formed.