Pinyin code JXT

Otherwise known as Xuefeng rattan, Xuefeng, Xueteng, Hongteng, Xuezhiteng.

Latin famous medicinal material CaulisSpatholobi, original plant 1, Caulis Spatholobi, 2, mucunabirdwoodianatucher 3, Caulis Spatholobi, 4. MillettianitidaBenth。 There are the following kinds: 1, Sargentodoxa (Oliv. )behd。 3. Spatholobus suberectus.

English name subcretecthilutus, stem of Spatholobus suberectus.

Drugs for promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation

The medicinal materials are based on the stems of dicotyledonous plants, such as leguminous plants, such as Dendranthema morifolium, Spatholobus suberectus, Rhododendron fragrans or Rhododendron glabra.

Distribution of medicinal resources and animal and plant resources: 1. Sweet clover is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. 2. Akebia Akebia is distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi. 3. Zingiber officinale is distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places.

Animal and plant ecological environment: 1. Dense-flowered beans are born in forests or shrubs. 2. Vanilla grows in the bushes on the hillside. 3. Rock bean vines with bright leaves grow under the sparse forests by streams and valleys.

It can be harvested and stored all year round, or harvested in September-65438+1October, cut into sections about 40cm long, and dried.

Bitter and sweet in nature, warm in nature.

Channel tropism, spleen channel.

The effect of promoting blood circulation and relaxing muscles and tendons.

Indications: lumbago and knee pain, numbness and paralysis, irregular menstruation and scanty menstruation.

Oral administration and dosage: decoction, 3-5 yuan, large dose 1 2; Or soak in wine.

Chinese name Chuanshanlong

Pinyin code CSL

Alias: Dioscorea nipponica Makino, Dioscorea nipponica Makino, Dioscorea nipponica Makino, Dioscorea nipponica Makino, Dioscorea nipponica Makino, Dioscorea nipponica Makino, ginger, yellow whip, Dioscorea nipponica Makino, honeysuckle, Dioscorea nipponica Makino, Parthenocissus tricuspidata.

A famous Latin medicinal material, rhizome, Dioscorea, the original plant Dioscorea.

English name ChuanlongYam

Drugs for expelling wind and removing dampness

This medicinal material was originally the rhizome of Dioscorea nipponica Makino of Dioscoreaceae.

Distribution of drug sources Distribution of animal and plant resources: Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places. Medicinal materials are produced in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Zhejiang, Hebei, Shanxi and other places.

Ecological environment of animals and plants: born on the edge of forest, in bushes, or by the sea.

Cultivation of medicinal animals and plants: 1. Climate and soil: adaptable and cold-resistant. Loose and fertile sandy loam grows better. 2. Planting: mainly using rhizomes to propagate. Every February-March, before germination, dig out the roots of the mother plant, cut it into 6- 10cm long segments, each segment should have l-2 buds, with a ditch spacing of 45-60cm and a ditch depth of 9- 12cm, and then row the roots every 15-30cm. 3. Field management: In the growing period, in addition to intertillage weeding, when the seedling is 30-60cm high, a bracket should be set to make it grow around. After two or three years of planting, it grows rapidly, and it needs to be fertilized in several stages to meet its growth and development needs.

Harvest and store in autumn, dig out fine roots, scrape off cork and dry in the sun.

Identification of medicinal materials: dry rhizome, long cylindrical, long 10-20cm, about 1.5cm in diameter, with many branches and irregularities. The appearance is yellow, with many thin longitudinal stripes and prominent fibrous roots, and the overall shape is slightly like antlers. Hard, light yellow, powdery, and most vascular bundles are scattered with pores. Slight breathing and bitterness. The rhizome is thick and long, khaki and hard. Microscopic identification: Dioscorea nipponica powder: light yellow. 1. The starch granules are oval, triangle-like, gourd-shaped, conical, shell-shaped or irregular, all of which are flat, with uneven edges, long strips when viewed from the side, with sharp ends or one end, with a diameter of 3- 17μm and a length of 33 μ m. Umbilical points are more common on the side and long seams. 2. The needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate are mostly in bundles, with the length of 48-112 μ m. 3. The lignified parenchyma cells are mostly flaky or scattered, oblong, rectangular or spindle-shaped, with a narrow end and a flat or inclined end wall, with a diameter of 26-77μm and a length of 343μm, with a slightly thick wall. The cross section is round and polygonal, and the cell gap is obvious. 4. The surface of cork cells looks like polygon, square or rectangle, and the vertical wall bends like microwave. In addition, there are ducts with edge holes, reticulation and ladder reticulation.

job operation

Chemical composition chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine: it contains many steroidal saponins such as dioscin. Hydrolysis of total saponins produces diosgenin. The content of diosgenin is about 65438 0.5-2.6%. A small amount of 25- isospin-3,5-diene (25-d- spiropin-3,5-diene, namely deoxy-δ 3,5-thiophenol) was isolated from the rhizome. The rhizome contains dioscin, the average content is 2.065438 0%, and the highest content is 2.499% in May and June. It also contains trillium (diosgenin -3- glucose) and allantoin.

Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine: 1. Put the warm water extract of this product in a test tube with a plug and shake it for 65438 0 minutes to produce a lot of foam. After standing for 10 minutes, the foam did not disappear obviously. (saponin) 2. Add a few drops of 2% red blood cell suspension to the warm water extract of this product, and the blood will gradually dissolve after standing, making the extract red and transparent. 3. TLC: The powder of this product is hydrolyzed with 2mol/L hydrochloric acid, and the residue is washed with water to be neutral. After drying, reflux extracting with petroleum ether, and recovering petroleum ether. The residue was dissolved in chloroform, spotted on a silica gel plate, developed with chloroform-acetone (93:7), and developed by spraying with 3% phosphomolybdenum ethanol solution. Taking diosgenin as the reference substance, the liquid chromatography of the sample has the same blue spots at the corresponding positions of the control solution chromatography.

Pharmacological action: 1. Antitussive effect: Oral administration of total saponins, water-soluble or water-insoluble saponins, molecular sieve L (ethanol reflux concentrated solution added with ether will precipitate, and the precipitated aqueous solution will pass through molecular sieve after concentration to obtain molecular sieve L and No.2 successively) or intraperitoneal injection of decoction has obvious antitussive effect (spraying ammonia water to induce cough). Diosgenin is invalid. Effective antitussive parts are mainly in the most polar parts, and large doses of steroidal saponins are also effective. 2. expectorant effect: Oral administration of total saponins, water-insoluble saponins, molecular sieve L or intraperitoneal injection of decoction in mice has obvious expectorant effect (phenol red method), but water-soluble saponins have no obvious effect. The main effective component is steroidal saponins. 3. Anti-asthmatic effect: Guinea pigs have anti-asthmatic effect by oral administration of L molecular sieve (histamine spray method), but 2 molecular sieve and diosgenin are ineffective. The decoction can prevent bronchospasm caused by histamine or acetylcholine spray. The effective components of relieving asthma are in the most polar parts and steroidal saponins, but they all need large doses to be effective. 4. Effect on cardiovascular system: Total saponins 10mg/kg can significantly reduce cholesterol and blood pressure, delay heart rate, enhance contraction range, increase urine output, reduce the ratio of β/α lipoprotein and improve coronary circulation in rabbits, which is considered to be effective for patients with mild atherosclerosis. It has also been reported that 3mg/kg total saponins have no obvious effect on reducing the blood cholesterol level of experimental atherosclerosis rabbits, but can reduce aortic plaque and liver fat deposition. Gavage of 400mg/kg for 3 days and intraperitoneal injection of the same amount of drugs on the third day can significantly increase the coronary flow in mice (rubidium 86 tracer method) and antagonize the coronary contraction caused by pituitrin (rabbit electrocardiogram method), but it can increase the myocardial oxygen consumption in rats. Intravenous injection of water-soluble total saponins (70mg/kg) can reduce blood pressure, but duodenal administration has no such effect. 1g/kg has antitussive and expectorant effects on mice, and 0.5- 1g/kg has antagonistic effects on guinea pig wheezing caused by histamine. The main effective component of expectorant effect is steroid saponin Dt, and the effective component of antitussive effect is the most polar part-ⅵ.

Toxicology: The LD50 of decoction was 9.9g crude drug /kg in the first batch and 19g crude drug /kg in the second batch. Oral administration of total saponins gave mice a lethal dose of 2.2 1. 1.4g/kg.

Sexual taste is flat and bitter.

Liver meridian and lung meridian.

Efficacy: promoting blood circulation and relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting digestion and promoting diuresis, resolving phlegm and stopping malaria.

Indications: wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, chronic tracheitis, dyspepsia, strain and sprain, malaria and carbuncle.

Oral administration and dosage: decocted in water, 0.5- 1 2 (fresh 1-2); Or soak in wine. External use: fresh products are mashed.

Avoid medication

counteraction

Drug compatibility

Identification application

Classic prescription ① Treatment of lumbago and leg pain and numbness of bones and muscles: fresh rhizome of Dioscorea nipponica. A pot of water can be fried five or six times, and brown sugar is better. ("Northeast Pharmaceutical Factory") 2 Treatment: Chuanshanlong five money. Boil brown sugar and yellow wine in water. Take it once every morning and evening. ("Zhejiang Folk Commonly Used Herbs") ③ Treatment of Kaschin-Beck Disease and Lumbago and Leg Pain: Chuanshanlong Erliang. A catty of white wine is soaked for seven days. Take one or two tablets twice a day. ("hebei journal of traditional chinese medicine Manual") 4 Treatment of lumbar sprain pain: five yuan for Chuanshanlong. Decoct with water. (hebei journal of traditional chinese medicine Manual) ⑤ Malaria control: San Qian is the root of fire vine, seven are frogs, and the other is wild cotton. Decoct with water before onset. (Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine) ⑥ Treatment of carbuncle swelling and sore: fresh rattan root and fresh ramie root are equal. Mash and apply to the affected area. (Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine) ⑦ Treatment of chronic bronchitis: fresh Dioscorea zingiberensis. Peeling, removing roots and whiskers, cleaning and slicing, adding water, decocting with slow fire for two hours, decocting twice, combining filtrates, and concentrating to 100 ml. Take it once in the morning and evening, and ten days is a course of treatment. (Selected data of new medical methods of Chinese herbal medicines in Inner Mongolia)

Clinical application of 1 Treatment of chronic tracheitis: Chuanshanlong tablets (each containing 2.5g of crude drug) were used, and the first course of treatment was twice a day, with 2 tablets each time; The second course of treatment is 3 times a day, 2 tablets each time, and 10 day is a course of treatment. 26 cases were treated, the effective rate was 80.8% in the first course of treatment, and the remarkable effective rate was 30.8%. The effective rate of the second course of treatment was 84%, and the remarkable effective rate was 60%. Clinically, Chuanshanlong tablet has curative effects on cough, expectoration, asthma and inflammation, especially on cough and expectoration. In TCM classification, spleen deficiency and dampness excess have higher curative effect. Compound injection can also be prepared from Dioscorea nipponica Makino, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Platycodon grandiflorum, and each 2ml contains 2g of the above medicinal materials. Intramuscular injection, 2ml each time, twice a day. Six days is a course of treatment, and the second course of treatment can be carried out after three days' rest, or continuous treatment 12 days. After l-2 courses of treatment, 6 1 case (52. 1%) was recently cured, 37 cases were markedly effective (3 1.6%) and 9 cases were improved (16.2%). Compound Chuanshanlong injection has good expectorant effect. Generally, the sputum can be diluted for 1-2 days after administration, and then the amount of sputum is obviously reduced. But the antitussive effect is not strong enough. During the treatment, some patients increased their appetite and improved their sleep, and no adverse side effects were found. Experiments show that the injection has bacteriostatic effect on pneumococcus, Streptococcus A and Streptococcus. 2. Treatment of acute suppurative osteoarthritis: Take the root of Dioscorea nipponica, wash it, slice it and dry it in the sun. Adults take it for 3 days in A Liang and children take it for 2 days in A Liang, and decoct it in the morning and evening 1 time. 8 cases were treated and 5 cases were cured. Among them, 6 cases were complicated with septicemia, and the blood culture was positive (mostly Staphylococcus aureus). Because there is no control of antibiotics, obvious curative effect has been achieved after adding Dioscorea nipponica Makino. 3. Treatment of thyroid adenoma and hyperthyroidism: Take 20 kg of dried rhizome of Dioscorea nipponica Makino, slice or crush it, soak it in 60% Chinese liquor 100 kg/week, filter, distill the filtrate under reduced pressure, and distill 600 ml of Chinese liquor per 1 000 ml of immersion liquid to obtain an extract of Dioscorea nipponica Makino (0.5 g of crude drug per ml). Take 10-20ml three times a day. Eight cases of thyroid tumor were observed, 7 cases were effective and 7 cases were ineffective 1 case. After taking the medicine for about 20 days, the effect began to appear, the tumor shrank and the original feeling of suffocating disappeared. After continuous medication for about 2 months, the tumor body further shrinks and the texture becomes soft; Generally taking medicine for 3 months, there is no tumor in appearance. After taking the medicine, the exophthalmos symptoms of 5 patients with hyperthyroidism were obviously improved or even disappeared, and palpitation, hyperhidrosis, sweaty hands and shaking hands were also improved to varying degrees, but the basal metabolic rate and iodine absorption rate were not significantly improved. The onset time is about 1 month after taking medicine, and the symptoms of exophthalmos can disappear after taking medicine for 2-3 months. Side effects: Abdominal pain occurred in some cases, which disappeared after drug withdrawal.

Various papers 1. Northeast materia medica: relaxing muscles and activating blood circulation, treating lumbago and leg pain and numbness of bones and muscles. 2. "Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine": Treating cold and dampness. 3. Investigation of botanical drugs in Shaanxi: controlling malaria, relieving pain and reducing swelling. 4. Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine: Treating cough, rheumatoid arthritis, joint pain of Kaschin-Beck disease, indigestion, malaria, traumatic injury, carbuncle, swelling and sore.

Textual research comes from the "Northeast Medicinal Plants".