How to cultivate plum saplings?
(1) Selecting seedlings
Choose li miao with pure varieties, complete roots, strong buds, no quarantine objects and no pests and diseases.
(2) Planting
Generally, the plant spacing is 2.5m× 4m, which should be planted before bud germination (preferably before April 20th). Plum is not self-bearing, therefore, the cultivated varieties should not be single, and different varieties with the same flowering period should be planted as pollination trees at a certain distance, with a ratio of 4: 1 or 8: 1.
(3) Fertilizer and water management of plum trees
1, fertilization
① base fertilizer. Base fertilizer is a basic fertilizer that can supply many nutrients to plum trees for a long time. Generally, slow-release farmyard manure is the main fertilizer, such as compost, manure, crop straw, green manure, fallen leaves and so on. It is better to apply base fertilizer in autumn. For adult plum trees, 50- 100 kg farmyard manure should be applied to each base fertilizer.
② Topdressing
A, topdressing before flowering. 0.5- 1 kg of available nitrogen fertilizer or 25 kg of decomposed human excrement and urine can be applied before the plum tree germinates 10 day (early April).
B, topdressing after flowering. Quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should be applied in time to reduce physiological fruit drop. From late May to mid-June, 0.5 kg should be applied to each plant.
C, topdressing at fruit expansion stage and flower bud differentiation stage. After physiological fruit drop, before the fruit enters the rapid expansion period (from late June to mid-August), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium quick-acting compound fertilizer should be applied topdressing, with 0.5- 1 kg per plant.
D, topdressing at the later stage of fruit growth: topdressing during fruit coloring to harvest. This time, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used, and the available nitrogen fertilizer is best sprayed on the leaves at the concentration of 0.2-0.3%, combined with chemical spraying.
2. Irrigation
Plum trees need a certain amount of water in every phenological period of the year. Before germination and young fruit expansion, irrigation should be carried out during the growth period of new shoots, and frozen water should be poured once before winter. In addition, plum trees are afraid of waterlogging, so Meiyuan should repair the drainage system to avoid waterlogging.
(d) pest control of plum trees
The main diseases that harm plum trees are plum blossom spot disease and plum gummosis. Pests mainly include stem borers, aphids and red spiders.
1, control measures of spot disease of Li Hong
① Spray 1: 2: 200 bordeaux solution at the non-flowering stage and when the leaf buds are spreading.
② Remove the diseased leaves and fruits in the plum orchard and destroy them centrally.
2, plum gummosis prevention and control measures
① Attention should be paid to strengthening tree vigor, strengthening orchard drainage, increasing the application of organic fertilizer, and improving the disease resistance of trees.
(2) timely prevention and control of branch diseases and insect pests, reduce pests and diseases.
(3) Scrape off the glue flowing part, then apply Bomei 5-degree stone sulfur mixture, and finally apply white lead oil protective agent, with good effect.
3. Control measures of pear moth.
(1) Turn the tree tray in autumn or spring to destroy the overwintering place of larvae and reduce the overwintering insect population.
(2) Spraying 2000-4000 times of 5% Laifuling EC or 40% triazophos EC 1000 times of EC at the peak of larval hatching.
4, aphid control measures
(1) Spraying 4,000 times of 2.5% Kung Fu emulsifiable concentrate or 2,000 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion before leaf rolling in spring.
② During the growing season, add 7 parts of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate and 3 parts of water, apply the liquid medicine around the trunk with a brush about 6 cm wide and wrap it with paper strips.