1, site selection
The terrain is open, and there are no tall trees and buildings to shade the east, west and south; The soil layer is loose and fertile, loamy in texture, deep in soil layer and free from pollution such as salt stains; There are hydropower conditions, convenient irrigation and drainage, and convenient transportation.
2. Site planning
After the site selection is determined, the overall planning will be carried out, including the orientation and spacing of greenhouses, field access roads, irrigation and drainage systems and ancillary buildings. After the site is planned, a graphic design will be drawn.
(1) Make preparations before planning: prepare compasses, flower poles, steel rulers, rice ropes, wooden stakes, gypsum, etc. , and the overall survey of the planning area.
(2) Determine the orientation of the greenhouse: the greenhouse is required to face south and extend from east to west. According to the terrain, it can be within due south or due west 10 degrees, and due south and west is 5 degrees.
(3) Determine the distance between the front and rear row greenhouses: the front row greenhouse does not obviously block the back row greenhouse in winter, so that the back row greenhouse can guarantee more than 6 hours of illumination time every day from winter to the season with the shortest sunshine. Take a solar greenhouse with a span of 10m as an example, and the distance between two rows of greenhouses is about 5 m.
(4) Greenhouse length and field road planning: The greenhouse length in the greenhouse group is determined according to the plot size and terrain, which is generally 60- 100 m, and the current standard vegetable greenhouse in Shouguang is 100. Then determine the site road settings. There are generally 5-6 m wide channels between the east and west greenhouses in the greenhouse group, and irrigation and drainage ditches are attached.
(5) Design of ancillary facilities: Low-voltage lines should be located on one side between two rows of greenhouses, poles should not affect the lighting of solar greenhouses, and low-voltage lines should not affect the driving of vehicles.
Second, the overall size design
1、
Span length: internal span 10m, and the length is about 100m.
2、
Wall height: the back wall is about 4 meters high.
3. Angle of the front and rear roofs: The angle of the front roof is slightly arched.
4. The thickness of the wall is about 5m at the bottom and 2m at the top.
5. The thickness of the lightweight material of the rear roof is more than 50 cm.
Third, architecture.
1. Construction time: 20 days before freezing. Considering the production benefit of autumn stubble extension, it is best to finish it before the end of August.
2. Main wall construction: Excavators and bulldozers are used to build the wall, and the wall thickness is about 5m at the bottom and 2m at the top. Before building the wall, use bulldozer to push 30cm topsoil in the greenhouse to the south of the shed site, so as to backfill the topsoil. Then level the wall foundation with a width of 5m, roll it for 5-6 times, and dig the wall with an excavator. Every time the height is 40 ~ 50 cm, it is necessary to stagger the rutting for 6 ~ 8 times with a bulldozer and build 4 ~ 5 floors. After the height of the wall reaches a certain height, use an excavator to cut the back wall, and pay attention to a certain slope when cutting the back wall to prevent the wall from sliding and collapsing. On the earth wall with a width of 2 meters, a parapet with a width of 80 cm and a height of 50 cm is set aside from the back of the wall.
3. Side wall construction: The gables on both sides shall be constructed simultaneously with the main wall.
4. Leveling, watering and compacting the ground in the greenhouse: after the wall of the solar greenhouse is completed, level the ground in the greenhouse in time, and then pour water to compact the ground in the greenhouse.
5. Arch structure of the front roof: the greenhouse is made of bamboo steel pipes, with a beam every 3 meters. Under the arch, four columns are arranged in turn from south to north, and the four columns are required to be in a line, and the lower end of the column is the best.
Details can be found on "China Agricultural Technician Information Network".