Origin: Sophora japonica, pinnate compound leaves, small leaves and dense crown. The first lateral branches of Sophora japonica are thicker, so the crown is cloud-shaped. Sophora japonica has rhizobia and abundant nitrogen nutrition, so its leaves are dark green. Seen from a distance, the crown of Sophora japonica is like a thick dark green cloud. Dark green is a kind of dark color, and thick clouds can also bring darkness. The beads of Sophora japonica have constriction marks, and the constriction marks are very thin. The pods of Sophora japonica were stored on the tree. In the rainy season of the next year, when it rained, the scars were soaked by rain and broke, and the peel was soaked and rotted to expose the seeds, which dyed the ground under the shade dark green. Sophora japonica is vulnerable to aphids, and aphid secretions will dye the ground black when they fall to the ground. Therefore, it is often black under the shade of locust trees, which also means darkness. Therefore, the locust tree comes from "darkness". The word "Huai" is similar to the word "Hui" in pronunciation. "Huai" means "Hui tree" and is a tree with a dark crown. It is precisely because of this characteristic of Sophora japonica that people like to hold cool parties under the shade of Sophora japonica. Some people in the Han dynasty thought that "Sophora japonica is meant to look forward to it, and people stand under it and think about others and want to do things with them"? This is actually because people only notice the phenomenon that people like to enjoy the cool in the shade of Sophora japonica, so it is a humanistic explanation of the name Sophora japonica. Because Sophora japonica is suitable for people to enjoy the cool in the shade, it is also a symbol of status. "Zhou Li Qiu Guan" records that there were three Sophora japonica trees planted outside the court of the Zhou Dynasty. When san huang met the son of heaven, they all stood under the trees. Sangong refers to Taishi, Taifu and Taibao, which are the collective names of the three highest official positions in the Zhou Dynasty. Therefore, later generations used Sanhuai as a metaphor for Sangong, which became a symbol of Sangong's official position, and Sophora japonica became a famous cultural tree species in China.
[Edit this paragraph] Family and genus
Boundary:? Plant kingdom? Kingdom:? plant kingdom
Door:? Angiosperm? Mulan gate
Outline:? Dicotyledonous magnolia
Purpose:? Beans Fa Bales
Branch:? Leguminosae. Leguminosae Butterfly subfamily? legume
Genus:? Sophora flavescens/? Sophora japonica? Sophora japonica?
Kindness:? Sophora japonica? s？ schistosoma japonicum
[Edit this paragraph] Distribution of origin
In many countries, especially in Asia; It was originally concentrated in the north of China, starting from Liaoning in the north, reaching Guangdong and Taiwan Province provinces in the south and Shandong, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan in the east. Common North China Plain and Loess Plateau can grow at an altitude of1000 m..
[Edit this paragraph] Morphological characteristics
Deciduous trees, 15-25m high. Dry skin is dark gray, branchlets are green and lenticels are obvious. The length of pinnate compound leaves is15-25 cm; Leaf axis is hairy and the base is enlarged; Leaflets 9- 15, ovoid, 2.5-7.5 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide, tapering at the top, broadly cuneate at the base, grayish white at the lower part, sparsely pubescent. Panicle terminal; Calyx campanulate, with 5 small teeth; The corolla is milky white, the flag is wide and heart-shaped, the claws are short, the pulse is purple, and the edge of the keel is slightly purple; Stamens 10, unequal in length. Pods are fleshy, beaded, 2.5-5 cm long, hairless and indehiscent; Seed 1-6, kidney-shaped. The flowering and fruiting period is September-65438+February.
[Edit this paragraph] variant
(1) Sophora japonica: Branchlets are bent and drooping, and the crown is umbrella-shaped, which is often planted in gardens.
(2) Sophora japonica: 15- 17 lobules with blue-gray filiform pubescence; The wing petals and dragon bone petals of flowers are often purple, and the flowering period is the latest.
(3) Sophora flavescens: 3-5 lobules are clustered, the terminal lobule is often 3-lobed, and the lower part of the lateral lobule is often larger.
(4) Sophora alopecuroides: There are often large lobes at the lower part of lateral leaflets, with hairs on the back and yellow branches.
[Edit this paragraph] Growth habit
Cold-tolerant, sunny, slightly shade-tolerant, moisture-resistant and drought-resistant, it grows poorly in low-lying stagnant water, has deep roots, is not strict with soil, is relatively barren, and can grow normally on lime and mild saline-alkali soil (salt content is about 0. 15%). But it is best to grow on wet, fertile, deep and well-drained sand. ? Resistant to smoke and dust, and can adapt to urban street environment. There are not many pests and diseases. Long service life and strong anti-tobacco poison ability.
[Edit this paragraph] Garden use
Characteristic tree species commonly used in courtyards in China. Fast growth, hard texture, elasticity, straight texture, easy processing, corrosion resistance, flower buds can be used as dyes, pulp can be used as medicine, seeds can be used as feed and so on. It is also a windbreak and sand fixation, timber and economic forest tree species, and is a good shade tree and street tree species in urban and rural areas. ? Sophora japonica is one of the traditional tree species in courtyard greening, China, which is full of national feelings. The five-leaf Sophora japonica leaves are unique in shape, just like thousands of green butterflies perched on trees, which is a spectacle and should be planted separately.
[Edit this paragraph] Breeding
Mainly sowing and breeding, but also logging. Spring sowing, because the seed coat has a fence layer closely combined with cells, has poor water permeability. Before sowing, the seeds were soaked in water with an initial temperature of 85-90 degrees for 24 hours, and the remaining hard particles were treated 1-2 times. Seeds can be sown when they absorb water and swell. The row spacing of drilling is 20-25cm, the thickness of soil cover is 1.5-2cm, the sowing amount per mu is 8- 10kg, and it will be unearthed in 7- 10 days, so as to prevent the trunk from bending. Generally, there are 6-8 seedlings per meter, and the annual seedlings are as high as1m. You can also transplant seedlings in centralized nutrition pots in early spring. Sophora japonica has strong germination ability. If the cultivated seedlings form a good dry shape, they can be cut off in the early spring of the following year to increase the row spacing. When the seedlings were 3-4 meters high, the trunk was straight, thick and smooth.
[Edit this paragraph] Economic use
Excellent nectar source plants; Extraction of industrial seed oil; The exocarp of Sophora japonica can extract stuffing sugar and so on. Wood is used to build or manufacture farm tools and furniture; It has strong resistance to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and chlorine.
[Edit this paragraph] Medicinal value
Sophora japonica is cool and bitter, and has the functions of clearing away heat and blood, clearing liver and purging fire to stop bleeding. Contains rutin, quercetin, sophoridiol, vitamin A and other substances. Rutin can improve the function of capillaries, maintain the normal resistance of capillaries, and prevent bleeding, hypertension and diabetes caused by excessive fragility and permeability of capillaries. Sophora japonica can stop bleeding and lower blood pressure.
Cutting the branches of Sophora japonica into small pieces, frying until the liquid medicine is green, pumping first and then washing hemorrhoids, which has a good therapeutic effect.
★? Police? tell
This species is a poisonous plant included in China Botanical Atlas Database, and its toxicity is poisonous to flowers, leaves, stem bark and pods. People who eat flowers and leaves have swollen face, hot skin and itching. Leaves and pods can also stimulate gastrointestinal mucosa, leading to colic and diarrhea. Fruit shell extract can cause dyspnea in mice and rats. Buds and flowers contain rutin and sterols, and fruits contain many flavonoids and phenols such as Robinia pseudoacacia and quercetin.
[Edit this paragraph] The difference between white wax and Sophora japonica.
Bai La? :? Deciduous tree with oval crown and oval to oval leaflets. ? Healthy? Status:? Like light, slightly tolerant of shade, suitable for warm and humid climate, drought-resistant, cold-resistant, root? Developed, fast growing, pruning resistant and long life. The trunk is tall and beautiful, and the leaves are green? In autumn, the shade is dense and the leaves turn yellow.
Sophora japonica: Sophia? Japonica rice Me?
Trees, 25 meters high. Bark is dark gray, rough and vertical, with green branchlets; Sub-stem buds have odd pinnate compound leaves, leaflets 7~ 17, short stalks, ovate to lanceolate-ovoid, rounded or broadly cuneate at the top and base, pale in the north and prostrate. Panicle terminal, corolla yellow and white. Flowers are light yellow, pods are 2.5-5 cm, yellow-green, and hairless. The peel is fleshy, contains gum, does not crack, and does not wither after winter. The flowering period is June-August, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October.
The bark is different, so are the leaves.