Chapter One Let's Enter Geography

First, eight directions on the plane:

1. Three elements of a map: direction, scale, legend and comments.

Eight directions on the plane: east, south, west, north, northeast, southeast, northwest and southwest. ② Direction on the map:

A. If there is a map pointing to the target, it should be identified according to the direction marked by the target (the arrow points to the north);

B for maps that don't point to the target, the direction is usually determined by the provisions of "going north and going south, left west and right east"; C, the direction should be determined according to the direction indicated by the graticule.

Map range

Scale: ① Scale =-

Field distance

② Calibration mode: number11000 or1:1000;

1 cm on the text map is equal to the field distance of 100 km; Line segment formula 0 1 2 3 ③. Selection of scale: the larger the scale, the smaller the scope and the more detailed the content; proportion

The smaller the ruler, the larger the scope and the simpler the content. For example, the school plans to choose a larger scale; When drawing the administrative map of China, we should choose a smaller scale.

Legends and notes: Let students remember some commonly used legends (see the table of World Geography (I) P 10).

Chapter II The Surface of the Earth

I the shape and size of the earth

1, the earth is a sphere with slightly flat poles and slightly protruding equator. Basis: The example of Magellan's fleet sailing around the world. 2. The surface area of the earth is 5 1 10,000 square kilometers, the average radius is 637 1 kilometer, and the equatorial circumference is about 40,000 kilometers. Second, the globe.

Remember the following on the globe.

South, North Pole, Equator, South, Tropic of Cancer, South Arctic Circle.

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