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The custom of long summer in the twenty-four solar terms
First, long summer eggs
Although the traditional food customs in long summer all over the country have their own characteristics, the most classic food in long summer is "long summer egg". The day before long summer, many people began to cook "long summer eggs" at home, usually with tea powder or walnut shells, and watched the eggshells turn red slowly and smell delicious all over the house. Tea eggs should be eaten while they are hot. When they are eaten, they should be poured with good wine and sprinkled with some fine salt. The wine is fragrant and fragrant.
Second, cooking ding while doing summer.
In long summer season, it is popular in Fuzhou to cook a tripod and cook in summer. Dingbian paste (also called pot-side paste) is made by boiling the pot with rice paste, and it is served with shrimp, shrimp oil, onion, golden needle, black fungus, clam, or a small amount of seafood clear soup such as mushrooms and dried clams. Its taste is extremely delicious. Anyone who grows in Fuzhou or lives in Fuzhou for a long time loves to eat. It has become a famous flavor snack in Fuzhou and a special symbol of Fuzhou. Fuzhou people who have left their hometown to live abroad, when they hear the word "Dingbian paste" in a foreign country, seem to see the "beautiful image" of their hometown and become a flavor snack that loves their hometown.
"Making summer" at the edge of cooking ding in long summer prevailed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Long summer has entered the busy farming season. On this day, cooking ding bian is not only for the whole family to eat well and then go to the fields to work, but also for the neighbors to taste together. Just like rinsing the edge of a tripod, "one grain (rinse) is cooked" to connect feelings. Reflect the traditional virtue of Fuzhou people's "golden border and silver village".
Third, weigh people
The ancient poem goes: "long summer weighs people, and smiles on the hanging beam." The custom of "weighing people" on the day of long summer is mainly popular in the south of China, which originated in the Three Kingdoms Period. It is said that after Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang sent his son Adou to Zhao Zilong and sent him to Jiangdong, and asked his stepmother, Mrs. Wu Guosun, who had returned to her mother's house, to raise him.
It was long summer that day, and Mrs. Sun weighed Adou in front of Zhao Zilong. Next year, long summer weighed him again to see how much he had gained, and then wrote to Zhuge Liang to report, thus forming a custom introduced into the people. It is said that after weighing yourself on this day, you will not be afraid of the heat in summer and will not lose weight, otherwise you will be plagued by illness. After eating long summer's meal, hang a big scale on the beam, and the adults pull the scale hook with both hands and weigh it with their feet suspended; Children sit in a laundry basket or stools with their feet upside down, and weigh themselves by hanging them on a scale hook, which means that long summer can avoid summer by weighing. If you gain weight, it is called "putting on weight", and if you lose weight, it is called "eliminating meat".
Fourth, avoid sitting on the threshold
There is also a saying that it is forbidden to sit on the threshold in summer. In Anhui Province, it was recorded in the "Taihu County Records" in the tenth year of Daoguang: "It is said that in the summer, taking bamboo shoots and amaranth as a soup, avoiding sitting on the threshold and sleeping in the daytime, it is also called worrying about summer fatigue and illness." It is said that sitting on the threshold this day will make you tired and sick in summer. In the 1930s, "Ningguo County Records" recorded: "long summer. Weigh the human body with scales to avoid diseases, so-called not afraid of summer. It is said that when long summer sits on the threshold, he will be depressed for a year. "
In summer, children should not sit on the stone steps. If they sit, they should sit on seven, so that all diseases can dissipate. Avoid sitting on the floor (threshold), which means that sitting on the floor this day will cause sore feet and bones in summer. If you sit on one floor, you must sit on six floors to synthesize seven numbers before you can solve the nightmare.
Five, fighting eggs
At noon in long summer, every household cooks the eggs (the eggs are boiled with shells and can't be damaged), and then they are soaked in cold water for a few minutes, and then they are covered with woven silk bags and hung around the children's necks. The children will play egg-fighting games in groups of three or five. An egg has two ends, the sharp one is the head and the round one is the tail. Some still draw patterns on eggs, and children compete with each other, which is called fighting eggs. When fighting eggs, the head of the egg fights the head of the egg, and the tail of the egg hits the tail of the egg. Fight one by one, the loser gives up, and finally the high and low are separated. The winner of the egg head is the first, and the egg is called the king; The winner at the end of the egg is the second, and the egg is called Xiao Wang or Er Wang. As the saying goes, "long summer has an egg hanging on his chest, and children don't have summer sickness." Summer sickness is a common anorexia with abdominal distension, fatigue and emaciation in summer, and children are particularly prone to summer sickness. The summer rope is the long life thread, which is tied to the wrist and other places of children with five-color silk thread to pray for their disaster relief, summer heat and illness, in case of summer injection.
6. Eat light cakes in eastern Fujian.
Long summer in eastern Fujian mainly eats "light cakes" (flour baked with a little salt). Zhouning, Fu 'an and other places in eastern Fujian soaked the light cake in water and made it into dishes, while Jiaocheng, Fuding and other places cut the light cake in half and ate the fried bean sprouts, leeks, meat and waste vegetables. Some villages in Chunchi Town, zhouning county eat "long summer paste" and boil soup in a big pot. The soup is extremely rich in content, including meat, small bamboo shoots, wild vegetables, chickens and ducks in the water, tofu and so on.
Seven, Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions to eat "seven porridge" and "taste three fresh"
Long summer, a rural area in Zhejiang Province, must eat "Qijia porridge", which is also called "Qijia tea". Seven porridge is a large pot of porridge made of rice from neighbors, beans and brown sugar, which is shared by everyone. Seven Chaze families brought Bai Jixin's baked tea, cooked it after mixing or soaked it into a big pot of tea, and then everyone gathered together to drink it.
There is a saying in Suzhou that "long summer sees three new things". "Sanxin" refers to newly ripe cherries, plums and wheat. At the same time, Suzhou long summer also wants to eat sea silk, gluten, white bamboo shoots, shepherd's purse, salted duck eggs, and green broad beans. On this day, long summer of each hotel presented fermented liquor and soju to the old customers who entered the store for nothing, so long summer was also called "Feed Festival".
Wuxi folks have always had the custom of "long summer tasting three delicacies". The three fresh foods are divided into three fresh foods: ground, tree and water. Three fresh plants are broad beans, amaranth and cucumber; Three fresh trees are cherry, loquat and apricot; Three fresh waters are sea silk, puffer fish and shad.
Hangzhou has the custom of eating "wild summer rice" in the summer. On that day, children flocked to beg for rice and meat from the neighbors. Then go to the wild field to dig wild vegetables and bamboo shoots, set up a pot stove with stones and burn it for free, which is called "Wild Summer Rice" or "long summer Rice". This custom is to compare yourself with beggars, thinking that you can avoid disaster. After dinner in long summer, adults brought a laundry list and a big scale. Weigh the children to see how much heavier they are than last year.
Shanghai eats eggs in summer. On that day in long summer, children always hung an egg with a red net around their necks. In Shanghai, there is also a saying that "the festival is clearly remembered in long summer, and it is called" eating vegetables and trying to treasure ". It is a custom to eat pancakes made of taro and cauliflower on the day of long summer. At noon, both men, women and children should weigh themselves.
Eight, eat bamboo shoots, Sophora beans and "five-color rice" in the southern region.
Every family in Sichuan and Yantan mountainous areas should eat bamboo shoots and locust beans. It is said that eating bamboo shoots has hard bones and is good for climbing mountains. Also eat green plums and burn green tea to prevent "eating summer". There is also the custom of eating tofu, saying that eating tofu is not afraid of rain and red bee stings.
In some places in the south, long summer has the custom of eating soft vegetables (Junta vegetables), saying that after eating, there will be no prickly heat in summer, and the skin will be as smooth as soft vegetables.
In some places, such as Guangxi, five-color beans such as red beans, soybeans, black beans, green beans and mung beans are mixed with white rice to cook "five-color rice", which is called long summer rice.
Why does long summer eat eggs?
I don't know if you have heard of the old saying, "long summer ate an egg, and it won't be summer in hot weather". In fact, there is a beautiful legend about long summer eating eggs. It is said that in the past, Nu Wa Niangniang did not have a bad summer for the children on earth, and fought with athel Loren, who finally guaranteed that all descendants of Nu Wa Niangniang would not be harmed. Therefore, Nu Wa Niangniang also sent a message to the people to hang cooked chicken, duck and goose eggs on the children's chests on the day of long summer in the future, so as to avoid the plague of late summer. Therefore, people had long summer to cook chicken, duck and goose eggs on this day, and then woven ribbons with colorful ropes, so that the colored eggs were put inside and hung on the children's chests, so as to eliminate the plague. And "egg", "bag" and "generation" are homophonic, which is also a kind of hope and sustenance of elders for their children, hoping that their children and grandchildren will live a long and healthy life and be passed down from generation to generation.
Therefore, many places like to cook eggs with tea leaves or walnut kernels the day before in long summer, and then wait until the eggshells turn red slowly, so that the cooked eggs are delicious all over the house. In fact, this is the tea eggs that we usually like to eat. It's not just the day in long summer.
In fact, in addition to beautiful legends, long summer's eating eggs also represents people's expectations for a better life. Because the egg is round and symbolizes a complete life, it is said that when people eat eggs in long summer, they pray for peace in summer. The egg is round and symbolizes a complete life, and eating eggs in summer can pray for peace in summer. And eating eggs in summer can effectively prevent loss of appetite and lack of spirit in summer.
Characteristics of long summer season
1, Meteorological change characteristics: long summer is only a forecast of the coming summer, and it does not mean "entering summer". Meteorology has strict standards for entering summer. If the daily average temperature in a place is stable above 22℃, it can be determined that summer begins. Before and after "long summer", only the area south of Fuzhou-Nanling line in China may enter summer, while most of the rest areas are still in spring, and in some areas in the northeast and northwest, it has even just entered spring at this time.
2. Characteristics of phenology: long summer has three stages, one is the humming, the other is the emergence of earthworms, and the third is the birth of Wang Gua; It is said that in this solar term, firstly, we can hear the chirping of salamanders in the field, then we can see earthworms digging in the earth, and then the vines of Cucumber begin to climb and grow rapidly. At this time, frogs began to clamor for the coming of summer, earthworms were also busy helping farmers to loosen the soil, and wild vegetables in rural ridges were also scrambling to be unearthed.
3. Characteristics of farming activities: Around long summer, it is the season of transplanting early rice in the north and south of the Yangtze River. "Full-moon seedlings can be planted, but full-moon grass can't be sown". At this time, the temperature is still low. After planting seedlings, it is necessary to strengthen management immediately, topdressing early, cultivating fields early, treating pests early and promoting early development. We should pay close attention to sweeping the tail when sowing mid-season rice. At this time, the spring shoots of tea trees develop fastest. If they are neglected, the tea leaves will age. As the saying goes, "Grain Rain seldom picks them, and long summer never stops picking them", so we should concentrate our efforts and make a surprise harvest in batches.
What traditional food does South long summer eat?
Long summer egg
Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai will eat salted eggs, and long summer will eat eggs on this day, which is called "summer tonic". Salted duck eggs are the best, because salted duck eggs are rich in inorganic salts such as calcium and iron, and the calcium content and iron ratio are higher than those of eggs and fresh duck eggs, so they are the first choice for supplementing calcium and iron in summer. "long summer Egg" is the most classic food in long summer that day. Eating it can prevent the common discomfort such as loss of appetite, fatigue and limb weakness in summer. Long summer eggs can be boiled eggs or salted duck eggs. If you cook eggs, you usually cook them with tea powder or walnut shells, and watch the eggshells turn red slowly and smell delicious all over the house. Salted duck eggs are rich in calcium and iron, so you can try it.
Black rice
Black rice, black and shiny, fragrant and delicious, is made by soaking glutinous rice in black leaves for several hours and then cooking. On this day in long summer, everyone in the south of the Yangtze River loves to eat. It is said that this custom originated from Sun Bin, a famous strategist in the Warring States Period. There is also a legend among the people that after eating black rice, long summer won't be bitten by mosquitoes in summer, and it's not easy to get heatstroke. Black rice was originally a folk festival food of Han nationality, which existed in Tang Dynasty. In Jiangsu and Anhui, it has become a custom that many people cook black rice with the leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum.
Qijiazhou
Long summer, a rural area in Zhejiang Province, must eat "Qijia porridge", which is also called "Qijia tea". Seven porridge is a large pot of porridge made of rice from neighbors, beans and brown sugar, which is shared by everyone. Seven Chaze families brought Bai Jixin's baked tea, cooked it after mixing or soaked it into a big pot of tea, and then everyone gathered together to drink it. When people in Hangzhou visit long summer, they will cook a new meal, prepare fruit cakes and offer tea to relatives and neighbors, which is called "long summer eats seven teas".
Chang Sam sun
Wuxi folks have always had the custom of long summer tasting three delicacies. The three fresh foods are divided into three fresh foods: ground, tree and water. The three fresh plants are broad bean, amaranth and cucumber (amaranth, wheat, broad bean, amaranth, broad bean and garlic sprout); Three fresh trees are cherry, loquat and apricot (one is plum, apricot and cherry, and the other is plum, cherry and toon head); Three fresh waters are sea-fish, puffer fish and shad (shad, pomfret and yellow croaker, but also shad, whitebait and mackerel). Among them, tasting fresh ground is the most common.
Long summer tastes eight new things.
There is a "long summer tastes eight new things" in Zhenjiang. This "eight new" is cherry, new bamboo shoots, new tea, new wheat, tender broad beans, radish, shad and grouper (yellow croaker). Among them, shad is the most precious. The head tide shad is a tribute sent to the imperial court, and the second tide shad was taken away by the rich family to satisfy their cravings. It is the shad after the third tide for ordinary people to eat shad early.
Jiu hun Shi San su
Long summer, a local people in Changshu, tastes new and has abundant food. There is a saying that there are "nine meats and thirteen vegetables". "Nine meats" refer to shad, bonito, salted fish, salted eggs, sea cucumber, elk duck, salted fresh, marinated shrimp, cherry meat and pomfret bream. "Thirteen elements" refer to cherries, plums, wheat silkworms (new wheat is kneaded into thin strips and cooked), such as bamboo shoots, broad beans, Mao Zhen, peas, cucumbers, chicory bamboo shoots, grass heads, radishes, roses and pine flowers.
Eat "light cakes"
Long summer in eastern Fujian mainly eats "light cakes" (flour baked with a little salt). Zhouning, Fu 'an and other places in eastern Fujian soaked the light cake in water and made it into dishes, while Jiaocheng, Fuding and other places cut the light cake in half and ate the fried bean sprouts, leeks, meat and waste vegetables. Some villages in Chunchi Town, zhouning county eat "long summer paste" and boil soup in a big pot. The soup is extremely rich in content, including meat, small bamboo shoots, wild vegetables, chickens and ducks in the water, tofu and so on.
Long summer's solar terms are exquisite and taboo.
Taboo to sit on the threshold
There is a saying that you should not sit on the threshold in summer, especially for children. It is said that when long summer sits on the threshold, he will be tired and sick in summer, and he will be in low spirits for a year. If children accidentally sit on the threshold, they must sit on seven thresholds to remove this taboo.
Avoid no rain
In Guizhou, Yunnan, Henan and other places, it is common to think that there is no rain in summer. As the saying goes, long summer does not go down, Takada does not rake, long summer does not go down, and the plough hangs high. "long summer has no rain and no rice" and so on.
Avoid not weighing.
Summer is the beginning of summer, and people are afraid of the heat of summer, so there is a custom of weighing people. An ancient poem says, "long summer weighs people, and the boudoir laughs on the hanging beam.". It is said that after being weighed on this day, you will not be afraid of heat and lose weight in summer. Otherwise people will be afraid of summer and heat in summer. I can't eat well, sleep well, lose weight and even get sick.
Avoid eating eggs.
The ancients believed that eggs are round and round, symbolizing the perfection of life. Eating eggs in summer can pray for the peace of summer and stand the test of "summer".
The custom of "long summer eats eggs" has a long history. As the saying goes: "long summer ate eggs, and it was not summer in hot weather." According to legend, since the day of long summer, the weather has been sunny and warm, and it has gradually become hot. Many people, especially children, will feel tired and weak, and their appetite will decrease and they will gradually lose weight, which is called "Xiaxia".
Hate to avoid snakes.
In the summer, Yunnan folk customs pay attention to aversion to snakes. In the first year of Qing Qianlong's reign, "Yunnan Tongzhi" recorded that on the day of long summer in April, "Gleditsia sinensis branches and safflower were inserted in households to dislike them; Surround the gray wall to avoid snakes. "
In terms of avoiding snakes in April, it is related to the fact that the zodiac is already a snake. The earth supports the moon, March is Chen, and April is self. Long summer dislikes being special, with acacia branches and safflower on the door, which means that black (water) and red (fire) are both beneficial.
According to the ancient five elements, black is water and red is fire. This is to achieve a balance through mutual restraint between the two. At the same time, the ancients not only used Gleditsia sinensis to decontaminate daily, but also used Gleditsia sinensis as medicine, believing that it had insecticidal function. Treat it as a disgusting thing, and also focus on eliminating filth and exorcism.