Cotyledon of Perilla frutescens, scientific name: Perilla frutescens alias red perilla, red perilla, black perilla frutescens, red perilla frutescens and so on. It is a leafy shoot of Perilla frutescens of Labiatae. Take stems, leaves and seeds as medicine.

The cultivation techniques are as follows:

1. Selecting land and preparing soil

Perilla frutescens has strong adaptability to climate and soil. It is best to choose loose and fertile sandy loam and loam with sufficient sunshine and good drainage, and heavy clay grows poorly. Till the soil is 15 cm deep, and rake it flat. Fine, border, border and ditch width of 2 cm, ditch depth of 15 ~ 2 cm.

2. Propagation method

Perilla frutescens is propagated by seeds, divided into direct seeding and seedling raising and transplanting.

(1) Live broadcast

Spring sowing, the sowing time difference between the north and the south is one month, March in the south and mid-late April in the north. The direct seeding is carried out in the border by drilling, and the furrow is 2 ~ 3 cm deep according to the row spacing of 6 cm, and the seeds are evenly spread into the furrow, and then covered with thin rice. Hole sowing: the row spacing is 45 cm, the plant spacing is 25 ~ 3 cm, and the soil is covered shallowly. Water immediately after sowing, keep it moist, the sowing amount is 15-18.75 kg per hectare, which saves labor, grows fast, harvests early and yields high.

(2) Seedling transplanting

This method is adopted in arid areas with insufficient seeds and poor water conservancy conditions. The seedbed should be in a place with sufficient light and warmth, with farm manure and appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate or plant ash. In the first ten days of April, water is poured into the border, and after the water seeps, seeds are sown, covered with shallow soil for 2 ~ 3 cm, and the bed surface is kept moist, and seedlings emerge in about one week. Seedlings that are too dense after the seedlings are planted together are often watered and weeded. The height of the seedlings is 3 ~ 4 cm. When four pairs of leaves grow, they are planted in the wheat field on cloudy days or in the evening after the wheat harvest. On the first day of planting, the nursery ground is watered and watered. When transplanting, the roots are completely easy to survive and are planted with pulling. The plant spacing is 3cm, and the ditching depth is 15cm. Arrange the seedlings well, cover them with soil, water them or dilute human and animal manure, and loosen the soil for 1-2 days to preserve moisture. Planting about 15, seedlings per hectare, watering once every 2-3 days when the weather is dry, then reducing watering and squatting seedlings to make the roots grow.

3. Field management

(1) Loosening soil and removing seedlings

Weeding should be done frequently before plant growth and ridge closure, and attention should be paid to thinning seedlings and weeding in direct seeding areas. When the height of seedlings in drill sowing land is 15cm, the seedlings should be fixed at 3cm, and the surplus seedlings should be used for transplanting. The plants in the direct seeding area grow fast, and if the density is high, the plants will grow in vain, and few plants will branch or not. Although the height of the plant can be reached, there are fewer leaves under the plant, and the poor light and air all fall off, which affects the yield of leaves and perilla oil. At the same time, stems with many leaves and few leaves also affect the specifications of the whole grass, so it is not early to plant seedlings. From field planting to ridge sealing, loosen soil and weed twice.

(2) Topdressing

Perilla frutescens has a short growth time, and the whole grass can be harvested two and a half months after planting, and it is used as medicine, so nitrogen fertilizer is the main one. Concentrate fertilization before closing the ridge.

In direct seeding and seedling raising areas, topdressing should be carried out when the height of seedlings is 3cm, and 15, ~ 22,5kg of human excrement or 112.5kg of ammonium sulfate and 15kg of calcium superphosphate should be applied per hectare after furrowing between rows, and the fertilizer should be buried by loosening the soil. For the second time, apply fertilizer again before closing the ridge, and the method is the same as above. But be careful not to touch the leaves this time.

(3) Irrigation and drainage

After sowing or transplanting, if it doesn't rain for several days, water it in time. Pay attention to the drainage in rainy season, dredge the operation channel, and prevent the accumulated water from disorderly roots and defoliation.