The determination of different types of dehydration is based on their serum sodium concentration and osmolality categories.

The loss of body fluids resulting in the reduction of extracellular fluid is called dehydration. Different electrolytes are given for different types of dehydration, and they need to be seen as soon as possible to be judged and treated by a doctor, otherwise they may lead to damage to organ function.

Classification of types of dehydration

1 ⒈ Hypertonic dehydration?

Dehydration is dominated by the loss of water, with less electrolyte loss compared to water, that is, for every 1L loss of body fluids at the same time, the loss of about 300mOsm below the electrolyte, so that the extracellular osmotic pressure increases, most often in the case of insufficient drinking water, such as high-temperature work a lot of sweating, or the patient's nondescript loss of water is still in progress, so as to make the amount of water excretion increased.

Highly osmotic dehydration is characterized by: ① increase in fluid electrolyte concentration, plasma Na+ concentration greater than 150mOsm/L or CL- and HCO3- concentration sum is greater than 140mmol/L; ② decrease in the amount of extracellular fluid; ③ transfer of intracellular fluid water to the extracellular fluid, resulting in a significant reduction in intracellular fluid. . Clinical symptoms include thirst, increased body temperature, and a variety of neurological symptoms, as well as decreased urine output and weight loss.

Peak isotonic dehydration?

Mainly leads to the loss of extracellular fluid. Because of the loss of water and electrolytes is basically balanced, that is, every loss of 1L of body fluids at the same time about 300mOsm / L electrolyte loss, and thus the osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid remains normal, so it is called isotonic dehydration.

Common in vomiting and diarrhea and other loss of digestive fluids, this time the patient's body fluid electrolyte concentration does not change. Normally, the plasma Na+ concentration is 130-150 mmol/L or the sum of Cl- and HCO3- concentration is 120-140 mmol/L; however, the amount of extracellular fluid is reduced and the amount of intracellular fluid is normal. The damage of isotonic dehydration to the body lies in the decrease of extracellular fluid volume, which leads to blood volume insufficiency, decrease of blood pressure, and peripheral blood circulation disorders.

Hypotonic dehydration?

The loss of electrolytes is the main cause, and compared with water, the loss of electrolytes is more, i.e., for every 1L of body fluid lost, more than 300mOsm of electrolytes are lost, and the osmolality of the extracellular fluid is lower than that of the normal, which is why it is called hypotonic dehydration.

The etiology of hyponatremia is most often caused by the loss of body fluids without replenishment of electrolytes, e.g., the loss of gastrointestinal digestive juices (diarrhea, vomiting, etc.), and in cases of profuse sweating, where only water is replenished without replenishment of electrolytes lost in digestive juices and sweat, resulting in hyponatremic dehydration. In this case, the plasma Na+ concentration is less than 130 mmol/L or the sum of Cl- and HCO3- concentrations is less than 120 mmol/L. The amount of extracellular fluid is reduced, the amount of intracellular fluid is increased, and there is a slight loss of weight.