English name FRUCTUS JUJUBAE
Alias jujube, jujube, jujube
Source This product is the dried and mature fruit of Ziziphus jujuba mill. var. Inermis (Bunge) Rehd. of Ziziphus jujuba of Rhamnaceae. Harvest and dry the fruits when they are ripe in autumn. Its roots and bark are also used as medicine and can be taken at any time.
The preparation method removes impurities, washes and dries. Break or remove the core when using.
Properties This product is oval or spherical, with a length of 2 ~ 3.5 cm and a diameter of1.5 ~ 2.5 cm. The surface is dark red, slightly shiny and has irregular wrinkles. Recessed at the base, with short pedicels. The exocarp is thin, the mesocarp is brown or light brown, fleshy, soft, rich in sugar and oily. The stone is spindle-shaped, sharp at both ends and hard. The breath is slightly fragrant and sweet.
Identification: Take 2g of this product powder, add petroleum ether (60 ~ 90℃) 1 0ml for soaking10min, perform ultrasonic treatment for about10min, filter, discard petroleum ether solution, dry the residue, add 20ml of ether, soak1hr, and perform ultrasonic treatment for about/kloc. Another oleanolic acid reference substance was added with ethanol to prepare a solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (Appendix ⅵ b), absorb the test solution 10μl and the reference solution 3μl, and spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, using toluene-ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid (14:4:0.5) as the developing agent, unfold, take out, dry and spray with/kloc-. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
Tropism of nature and taste
Fruit: sweet, warm. Spleen and stomach meridian.
Bark: bitter, astringent and warm.
Root: sweet, warm.
Functional indication
Fruit (jujube): tonify the middle energizer, nourish blood and soothe the nerves. It can be used for spleen deficiency, anorexia, fatigue, loose stool, and women's dirty impatience.
Bark: anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and antidiarrheal. Used for tracheitis, enteritis, dysentery, metrorrhagia; External use to treat traumatic bleeding.
Root: activating qi, promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation. Used for irregular menstruation, red collapse and leucorrhea.
Usage and dosage: 6 ~15g. Bark and root: 2 ~ 3 yuan.
Store in a dry place to prevent moth.
Excerpt from China Pharmacopoeia and National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine.
Chinese date
(Classic)
Alias dry jujube, beautiful jujube, good jujube (Bielu) and red jujube (Introduction to Medicine).
The source is the mature fruit of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. of Rhamnaceae.
Plant form jujube (Book of Songs), also known as thorn jujube.
Deciduous shrubs or small trees, up to 10 m high. The branches are smooth and hairless, with paired needles, straight extension or hook bending, and the young branches are slender and clustered, quite like pinnately compound leaves. Twist in a zigzag shape. Simple leaves alternate; Oval to ovate-lanceolate, rarely ovoid, 2 ~ 6 cm long, short and blunt at the apex, skewed at the base, with fine serrations at the edge, with 3 main veins emanating from the base and obvious lateral veins. Flowers are small, in short cymes, clustered in leaf axils, yellow-green; Calyx 5-lobed, petal-shaped on the upper part and tubular on the lower part, green; Petals 5; Stamens 5, opposite petals; Ovary 2-loculed, style protruding from the center of the disk, apex 2-lobed, drupe ovoid to oblong, length1.5 ~ 5cm, crimson when ripe, sweet flesh, and sharp at both ends of the pit. The flowering period is from April to May. The fruiting period is from July to September.
Generally, it is mostly cultivated. Distributed all over the country.
The root (jujube root), bark (jujube bark), leaf (jujube leaf) and stone (jujube stone) of this plant are also used for medicine, and each is detailed in a special article.
Collect autumn fruits and harvest them when they are ripe. Clean impurities, and drying in the sun. Or bake until the skin is soft, and then dry it. Or boil it in water first, so that the pulp is soft and the skin is not shriveled, then pick it up and dry it.
The fruit of medicinal materials is slightly oval or oval, about 2 ~ 3.5 cm long and about1.5 ~ 2.5 cm in diameter. The surface is dark red, shiny, with irregular wrinkles, and the fruit has a deep concave pit at one end, a short and thin fruit stalk in the middle and a small protruding point at the other end. The exocarp is thin and the mesocarp is soft, such as spongy and yellow-brown. The stone is spindle-shaped, hard, sharp at both ends and dark red on the surface. The breath is weak and the taste is sweet. It is better to be red in color, thick in meat, full, small in stone and sweet in taste.
It is produced in most parts of the country, mainly in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Sichuan and Guizhou.
Jujube is divided into jujube and black jujube because of different processing. Generally, jujube is the main medicine.
The chemical constituents include Ziziphus jujuba saponins Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ (Ziziphus jujuba saponins Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ), Ziziphus jujuba saponin B, stepharine, glucose, fructose, sucrose, cAMP, cGMP and so on.
Sweet and warm in nature.
① Classic: "Sweet and flat. '
② Qianjin Shizhi: "Sweet and pungent, hot and nontoxic."
③ Meng Wei: "Warm."
Meridian tropism enters spleen and stomach meridians.
① Compendium: "Spleen Meridian is divided into blood."
(2) Shushu of Materia Medica: "Entering the Foot Taiyin and Yangming Meridian."
Functions mainly include invigorating spleen and stomach, benefiting qi and promoting fluid production, regulating ying and Wei, and relieving toxin. Treat stomach deficiency, anorexia, spleen weakness, loose stool, deficiency of qi, blood and body fluid, disharmony between ying and Wei, and palpitation. Women are corrupt and impetuous.
(1) Ben Jing: "The main confidant evil spirits, calming the middle and nourishing the spleen, and helping the twelve meridians. "Calm stomach qi, dredge nine orifices, tonify less qi and body fluid, cause body weakness, panic, heavy limbs, and all kinds of medicines."
② Notes on Materia Medica Classics: "Cure aconite poison."
(3) Bielu: "Reinforce the middle energizer, strengthen the body, relieve boredom, and treat the heart hanging down and the bowels being withdrawn."
④ Medicine Pair: "Killing aconite root and tianxiong poison."
⑤ Meng Wei: "The main tonic fluid, washing the evil spirits in the heart, harmonizing with all kinds of drugs and poisons, dredging the nine orifices, supplementing the deficiency of qi, cooking and nourishing the stomach, benefiting qi in the fat is the first, and children suffer from autumn dysentery, which is good for eating with insects and dates."
⑥ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Run the heart and lungs and stop coughing. "tonify the five internal organs, treat deficiency and strain, and get rid of tinea in the stomach and intestines."
⑦ Pearl Capsule: "Warming the stomach."
⑧ Li Gao: "Warming up the spleen meridian deficiency, being willing to slow down yin and blood, harmonizing yin and yang, regulating ying and Wei, and generating body fluid."
Pet-name ruby "Drug Meaning": "Nourishing blood and nourishing liver."
Attending "Materia Medica Rejuvenation": "Tonifying the middle energizer, nourishing the kidney and warming the stomach, and treating yin deficiency."
⑾ "Illustration of Medicinal Plants in China": "Treating allergic purpura, anemia and hypertension."
Usage and dosage for oral administration: decoction, 3 ~ 6 yuan; Or mashed into pills. External use: decoct with water or burn, grind and apply.
It is appropriate to avoid those who have wet phlegm, stagnation, dental disease and worm disease.
① "Introduction to Medicine": "Those who are full of vomiting should avoid it. "If you eat too much wind, your spleen will get sick."
② Herbal Classic of Mercapture: "Infantile malnutrition should not be eaten, and those suffering from phlegm-heat should not eat."
(3) A Summary of Materia Medica: "People with stomachache and qi stagnation, patients with abdominal pain and all kinds of insects are sick, so they should avoid it."
(4) The Diet Spectrum of "Sleeping in the Pit": "Eating too much is the most harmful to people. "Jaundice and swelling should be avoided in children, postpartum and before and after various diseases such as fever and summer-dampness."
Prescription 1: Treating spleen and stomach dampness and cold, reducing diet, diarrhea for a long time, and failing to melt the grain: Atractylodes macrocephala 42, dried ginger 22. Two ounces of gold in the chicken, half a catty of cooked jujube meat. Four kinds of medicines are used. Atractylodes macrocephala and Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli are all raw. Each kind of medicine is finely rolled and baked. Then, the dried ginger is finely rolled, and the * * * and jujube meat are mashed together to make a small cake. When it is dry on charcoal fire, it is a snack and chewed and swallowed. (Spleen-invigorating Cake in Medical Experience)
② Treatment of nausea and vomiting: one jujube (enucleated) and one banfan (going to Toma Evelle) are put into the room to be heated, and the fan is removed, eaten in a hollow way, and boiled in white soup. (Compendium)
(3) invigorating qi: steam ten Da Nan Zao pieces, remove the core, add ginseng money, wrap them in cloth, steam them in a rice cooker, and mash them into pills. If they are as big as marbles, store them for use. ("Wake up the Garden Record" Jujube Ginseng Pill)
(4) Treating apoplexy, panic, weakness and nervous paralysis, with heavy limbs: seven jujubes (enucleated), and two pieces of green sorghum and millet. Three and a half liters of water are used for the first two flavors. First, take one and a half liters of boiled dates, remove me, and add rice to cook porridge. ("Shengji Zonglu" supplements jujube porridge)
⑤ Treating women who are dirty and impatient, happy and sad, and want to cry, the number is insufficient: ten jujubes, three ounces of licorice, and one liter of wheat. Serve three flavors, take six liters of water, boil three liters, and take three servings at a warm temperature. ("synopsis of the golden chamber" Ganmai jujube soup)
⑥ Cough treatment: 120 almonds (peeled and boiled), 100 black beans (boiled and dried) and 40 dried dates (pitted). On the Sanwei platform, it is pounded like mud, and the pills are like apricot stones, with all the throat. Day seven, octave, do, more. (Yu Yu's "Effective Prescription")
⑦ Treatment of hanging drink: Daphne genkwa (decocted), Gansui and Euphorbia Euphorbia are equally divided. Sift the three flavors with a liter of water, first boil ten pieces of fat jujube, take eight pieces, remove the residue, accept the powder of medicine, take a money knife for strong people, and take a half-dollar knife for others, and take it warmly on weekdays. Those who don't drop it will be even more half-dollar tomorrow. After getting quick profits, the porridge is self-supporting. (Ten Jujube Soups in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)
⑧ Treating insomnia due to fatigue: 20 jujubes and seven scallions. Serve two flavors, three liters of water, one liter of boiling, and take it. (Qian Jin Fang)
⑨ Treating lung gangrene and hematemesis combined with rash behavior: divide jujube (and nuclear burning) and Baiyao decoction (calcined) equally. For the fine powder, it costs two yuan each time, and the rice soup is adjusted. ("Three Causes" Erhui San)
Attending to cure acute heartache: one ebony, two jujubes and seven almonds. A pound, wine for men and vinegar for women. (Maritime Party)
⑾ Treatment of non-thrombocytopenic purpura: red dates, three times a day, each time 10, until all the purpura subsides. Generally, each person needs about one to two kilograms of red dates. (Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine (4): 22, 1962)
⑿ Treatment of rickets: Jujube (core removed, stone wrapped and burned) and Cortex Phellodendri. At the same time, spread the affected area. (Maritime Party)
[13] Cure chronic sores: three liters of jujube paste, three buckets of water, one and a half buckets of boiling, and several washes to recover. (Qian Jin Fang)
[14] Cure rotten eyes along the wind: 20 big black dates (removing the core), 5 minutes of alum powder, mashed with jujube meat into paste, wrapped in wet paper, simmered in fire for 2 minutes, taken out, removed the paper and two bowls of water, decocted the jujube paste, removed the residue, and washed the eyes. (Ophthalmology Prescription of Herbal Huiyan)
Clinical application ① Prevention of transfusion reaction
Take jujube soup (20 red dates, 3 yuan for Kochia scoparia and 3 yuan for fried Schizonepeta tenuifolia) 0/5 ~ 30 minutes before blood transfusion. According to the observation of 46 people, about 2/3 of them have no response, and there are few ⅲ reactions. However, jujube soup seems to be ineffective in cases where hormones fail to prevent reactions.
② Lowering the level of serum alanine aminotransferase For patients with high serum aminotransferase activity in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, take Jujube Peanut Soup (red dates, peanuts and rock sugar 1 twice each, first frying peanuts, then adding jujube rock sugar) 1 dose every night before going to bed, with 30 days as a course of treatment, and the observation of 12 cases is effective. However, for patients with biliary tract infection and rheumatic activity complicated with myocarditis, drugs for clearing away heat, benefiting gallbladder or expelling wind and dampness should be added.
The role of jujube:
As a traditional Chinese medicine, it has been used for more than 2,000 years, and it is mainly used for the treatment of deficiency of middle qi, weakness of spleen and stomach, fatigue, anorexia, loose stool, blood deficiency and sallow, and women's dirty rashness.
In recent years, pharmacological studies have found that jujube contains many bioactive substances, such as jujube polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, cAMP, cGMP, etc., which have many health care and therapeutic effects on human body.
■ Anti-tumor
CAMP in jujube is involved in many physiological and biochemical processes such as cell division and differentiation, morphogenesis, glycogen and fat decomposition, steroid production and so on, and can be used for gene transcription, which affects the synthesis of protein. More importantly, cAMP has a significant effect on the treatment of various tumors, which can effectively prevent the formation of nitrite in human body, thus inhibiting the formation and proliferation of cancer cells. In addition, triterpenoids rich in jujube have inhibitory effects.
Maslinic acid has the strongest effect on cancer cells, even surpassing the commonly used anticancer drug fluorouracil.
■ anti-oxidation
The rich vitamin C in jujube has strong antioxidant activity and can promote collagen synthesis, and can participate in the redox reaction of tissues and cells, which is related to the metabolism of various substances in the body. Adequate vitamin C can promote growth and development, enhance physical strength and reduce fatigue.
■ Lowering blood pressure and cholesterol
The content of vitamin P in jujube is the highest among all fruits and vegetables, which can maintain capillary permeability, improve microcirculation and prevent arteriosclerosis, and also promote the accumulation of vitamin C in human body. In addition, the soaps contained in jujube have the functions of regulating human metabolism, enhancing immunity, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, reducing blood sugar and cholesterol content, etc. The rutin contained in it can protect the patency of capillaries and prevent the brittleness of blood vessel walls from increasing.
Function, has curative effect on hypertension, atherosclerosis and other diseases; Flavonoids can be used for the treatment and prevention of hypertension and arteriosclerosis.
■ Protect the liver and protect the liver
Fructose, glucose, oligosaccharides and acidic polysaccharides in jujube participate in protecting liver. Jujube can significantly increase the serum total protein and albumin in rabbits with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. At the same time, jujube can improve the phagocytosis of monocytes in the body, protect the liver and enhance physical strength; Vitamin C and cAMP in jujube can reduce the damage of chemicals to the liver, promote the synthesis of protein and increase the content of serum total protein.
Jujube can be used as an adjuvant treatment for chronic hepatitis and early cirrhosis in clinic.
■ Improve immunity
Jujube polysaccharide is an important active substance in jujube, which has obvious complement activity and promotes lymphocyte proliferation, and can improve the immunity of the body.
■ Prevention and treatment of cerebral blood supply deficiency
Flavonoids in jujube can prevent and treat cerebral ischemia and protect the ultrastructure damage of brain tissue caused by cerebral ischemia.
■ antiallergic
Eating jujube can treat allergic purpura. This is mainly because the content of cAMP in immune cells increases after the human body ingests enough cAMP, which will inhibit the immune response and achieve the anti-allergic effect; Ethyl-d-furanoside derivatives in jujube have antagonistic effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine, so they can be antiallergic.
■ Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Jujube is rich in vitamin C and vitamin P, which is beneficial to improve capillaries, maintain the elasticity of blood vessel walls and resist atherosclerosis. Jujube contains cAMP, and its pharmacological effects are as follows: improving human microcirculation, dilating coronary artery, increasing blood supply to brain and heart, slowing heart rhythm, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption and improving metabolism of ischemic myocardium, so it can prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.