Jun glaze Jun glaze is an outstanding representative of kiln-changed glaze, which was created and fired by Jun kiln in Song Dynasty. It is characterized by flashing red or purple patches in the sky blue. According to the analysis, this is because there are countless small spherical particles suspended in the continuous glassy medium; These small particles can scatter short-wave light, making the glaze appear beautiful blue milky light; Due to the coloring effect of reduced copper in the glaze, it appears red and purple, like a rosy cloud with sky blue. The poet once praised it with "the setting sun turned green and suddenly became a haze". In addition, the glaze juice of Jun glaze is very thick, the glaze bubble is large, and there is a so-called "earthworm walking mud line" in the glaze, and the glaze pieces vary in size. It was determined that Jun glaze was fired at a high temperature of 1260- 1270℃ in a reducing atmosphere.

Jun Kiln Jun Kiln is a kind of low-temperature glaze that imitates Jun Kiln firing in Qing Dynasty. The firing method is to fire the porcelain blank at high temperature first, and then fire it in a low-temperature furnace for the second time after glazing, so it is called "furnace jun" "Notes on South Kiln" said: "A kind of furnace jun is fired in the furnace, and it is better to have red dots in the color flow, followed by green dots." "Jingdezhen Lu Tao" also said, "The furnace glaze is between Dongyao and Yixing glaze, and the pattern has changed."

Furnace Jun is rich in hue, with almost all colors, such as moonlight, green, monarch red, vermilion and so on. Due to the use of frit glaze, it has strong luster and gorgeous appearance. But it lacks the thick and unrestrained feeling of high temperature glaze. The characteristics of the furnace jun in Yongzheng period are: the glaze flows quickly, the flowing place is purple, the glaze is often orange peel-like, and it reflects five colors. The rotary kiln process of Qianlong is as smooth as that of Yongzheng, and the color of glazed rotary kiln is blue. In Jiaqing, the flow is even worse, Selan. After Daoguang, it is no longer a natural kiln change, but a circle slightly larger than Xiaomi, with purple strokes.

One characteristic of Jun glaze is that earthworms walk in the mud, and there are often twists and turns in the glaze layer, which looks like earthworms walking in the mud. This pattern is formed when the glaze layer is dry or cracked at the initial stage of firing, and then the part with lower viscosity flows in to fill the cracks at the high temperature stage. The glaze layer of Jun glaze is particularly thick, and the porcelain tire is fired first and then glazed, so cracks and glaze shrinkage occur.

A Jun porcelain glaze fired by Jingdezhen in Hongyan and Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty. Kiln-changing glaze imitating Jun glaze is a kind of glaze with different colors applied to utensils, which presents flame-like colors and patterns after being fired at high temperature. The appearance of flame red shows that the color of flower glaze has developed to a very rich degree. The ear-changing bottle in Yongzheng kiln exhibited in the Forbidden City Ceramics is an outstanding success. There are red and purple spots scattered in the glaze. From the bottleneck to the circle foot, the basic glaze color is fiery red, during which the colors such as flashing blue, flashing yellow, bluish white and cyan radiate needle-like from top to bottom. The whole bottle is as magnificent as a burning flame.

crack glaze

Glaze cracking is a natural cracking phenomenon of porcelain glaze. There are two reasons for cracking: first, the mud extends in a certain direction during molding, which affects the arrangement of molecules; Second, the expansion coefficient of green body and glaze is different, and the shrinkage rate of glaze layer is large when it is cooled after firing. Therefore, cracking is originally a shortcoming in porcelain firing; However, the open glaze (that is, cracked glaze) made by people who have mastered the law of cracking has become a special decoration of porcelain. This product was used in Ruyao, Guanyao and Geyao in Song Dynasty. Open slices, also known as ice cracks, are divided into eel blood, gold thread and light yellow caviar pattern according to color, and are divided into reticular pattern, plum pattern and fine lines according to shape.

Hundred times crack

A hundred pieces of garbage is a kind of ice crack, that is, the kind with dense lines and thin slices in the cracked glaze. This name originated from Ge Kiln in Song Dynasty, and has been used ever since Jingdezhen Kiln imitated Ge Kiln.

Purple sauce glaze

Solanum purpurea is a kind of glazed glass with high temperature. Using manganese as colorant, the glaze with high alkali content is sintered by adding manganese raw material. Because the glaze color is as smooth as ripe eggplant skin, it is named. According to its color depth, there are light eggplant and deep eggplant. Light eggplant is between cowpea color and cloud bean color, and is not much different from red. There are also names such as grape purple and rose purple. In the low-temperature purple glaze, there is also blowing purple created in the Qing Dynasty.

Tomato Skin Purple was written in Ming Dynasty. During the Hongzhi period, its color was purple and blue, and its enamel was thick and slippery. The types of utensils you can see are sacrificial statues and ribbon-shaped binaural statues. Although Jiajing and Wanli have varieties of eggplant skin purple glaze, their shapes are not as neat as Hongzhi's. There are two shades of glaze in Jiajing, the deepest is black and purple, which is often used in large dishes such as plates and bowls. Light, like an immature tomato skin, revealing lavender, it is suitable for better dishes and bowls. Pure color, hard glaze, although there are open pieces, the pieces are tightly twisted. Glaze is divided into light color, dark color and old color: light color is bright, mainly used with colored utensils; Dark color is deeper than ordinary tomato skin, and the glaze is shiny, which is mostly used for monochrome glaze; Old colors are also used to match trichromatic devices.

Sauce glaze sauce glaze, also known as "Zijin glaze", is a kind of high-temperature glaze with iron as colorant. Glaze is one of the new varieties created in Xuande period, which is thick, smooth and orange peel. Jiajing's sauce purple color is light, and the glaze is bright and dull. In Kangxi period, the glaze color was brown, which was mostly used at the mouth of utensils. The antique bronzes painted with gold on the sauce-colored floor and painted with gold after drying were special varieties of porcelain-making technology at that time. Sauce glaze is mostly used for antique utensils, which has the effect of "purple inlay" in Song Dynasty. There are three common devices: skimming bowl, closing plate and skimming plate.

The golden sauce glaze looks like sesame sauce, so it is called "golden sauce glaze". Kangxi's color is light, and the glaze is thick and heavy when it is dry. More suitable for small objects.

Blue glaze

Blue glaze Blue glaze was first seen in Tang Sancai. But at this time, it is still a low-temperature blue glaze, with only a beautiful feeling and a lack of calm tone. The appearance of high-temperature blue glaze was in the Yuan Dynasty. After entering the Ming Dynasty, especially during the Xuande period, a large number of blue glaze wares were exquisite and were promoted to the top grade of Xuande porcelain. By the time of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, many new varieties appeared, such as sprinkling blue and sky blue.

Peacock blue glaze is usually fired at high temperature, so the glaze is not easy to fall off. Peacock blue glaze is often hung directly on the prepared blank or fired on a white glaze device, which is a low-temperature glaze. If the glaze is directly hung on the blank, the glaze layer is easy to peel off. Peacock blue glazed utensils are mostly large plates with different specifications, and there are few small pieces. There is also an ear jar similar to Hongzhi sacrifice, which is a sacrificial vessel of Jiajing Imperial Kiln. The shape of the vessel is slightly shorter than Hongzhi's, and it is full of peacock blue glaze. Colorful, but uneven.

ⅵ Blue ⅵ Blue, also known as Pinlan and Sacrificial Blue, is characterized by deep color, smooth glaze, even color and stable color. Jilan glaze flourished in Xuande period of Ming Dynasty, which was compared with Jihong and Sweet White in Notes of Nanyao, and was promoted to the top grade of Xuande porcelain. In addition to monochrome glaze, blue utensils are often decorated with gold, and some are carved and printed with dark flowers. Xuande's products are mostly dark flowers. Ji Lan was also quite successful during the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, and its thin glaze did not open and its glaze color was dim.

Sky blue sky blue is a kind of high temperature glass. Evolved from azure, Kangxi burned. The glaze is light blue, bright and elegant, like blue sky, hence the name "sky blue". Its cobalt content is below 2%, and the metal elements such as copper, iron and titanium in the glaze all play the role of colorants; Stable color, quiet and beautiful, comparable to cowpea red.

In the Kangxi period, all kinds of glazed utensils were small objects for study. Bottles, cans and other utensils were not seen until the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods, and most of them were official kiln products. During Yongzheng period, Lantian Liu Shifang Bowl was quite distinctive. A bunch of purple grapes, bats and imitation foreign porcelain were painted on each side, all of which were set on fire.

Sprinkle blue, also known as "snow blue" and "blue gold blue". Because the bottom of the shallow basket has dark blue spots like water marks, just like blue water drops, it is called "sprinkling blue". It appeared in the era of spreading blue and morality, but it was fully mature in the Kangxi era of Qing Dynasty. At this time, the glazing process is also different: first, green material is blown on the green blank to form cyan dots; Then blow white glaze. After the fire, small snowflakes were scattered in the blue, which was quite lovely. There are also various golden flowers or blue-and-white patterns painted on the blue, all of which are treasures.

Yellow glaze

Yellow glaze Yellow glaze first appeared in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, both Shouzhou Kiln in Huainan, Anhui Province and Mixian Kiln in Henan Province burned yellow glaze. However, the positive yellow glaze is still the high-temperature yellow glaze of Ru kiln-tea end glaze. The yellow glaze in Ming dynasty has made new development, and the old monk's clothing in Hongwu period is the evolution of tea powder; The yellow glaze, which began in Xuande, is an outstanding yellow glaze in Ming Dynasty. After Jiajing, there was roe yellow and chicken oil yellow. After entering the Qing Dynasty, the light yellow color of Kangxi appeared, followed by vegetable tail, snuff and golden sauce.

Tea powder Tea powder is one of the important varieties in ancient China's crystalline glaze, which belongs to high-temperature yellow glaze and is fired in high-temperature reducing flame. The glaze is opaque yellow-green, and on the dark green background, the yellow-brown fine spots of tea powder shine, which is simple and beautiful and intriguing. Many pieces of Tang Dynasty tea glazes have been unearthed in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and Song and Ming products are also common. The official kilns in the early Qing Dynasty intentionally imitated the tea glaze before the Ming Dynasty.

Judging from the handed down artifacts, most of the products were produced in Yongzheng and Qianlong periods, and the firing in Qianlong period was the most successful. In the last glaze of tea, the green one is called tea and the yellow one is called Duan. There was no tea powder in Yongzheng, but there was tea powder in Qianlong. The glaze color is mostly green, and some of them are rusty in ancient bronze. Because of its calm tone, bronze is often used in antique bronze, so it is also called "ancient bronze color".

Egg yolk glaze appeared in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, so it was named because its color was like egg yolk. Compared with wax color and yellow glaze color, it looks thin and nourishes the non-grain film. In Kangxi period, the glaze color was heavy in Huang Lue, and the glaze layer was transparent. When the glaze is dry, because the glaze is mixed with glass white, the glaze juice is opaque and the color is tender. Mostly used for monochrome glaze.

Eel Monopterus albus is a kind of crystalline glaze. In glaze matching, a little feldspar and a little magnesium are added, and the glaze is fired at about 1300 degrees Celsius with a high-temperature oxidation flame. The glaze is yellow with black or dark brown spots, similar to the skin color of eel, hence the name "eel yellow". There was an eel named Huang Zhi in the Ming Dynasty, and Tao Ya said that "eel skin is superior to Chenghua imitation of Song Dynasty", indicating that it existed in the Song Dynasty. The official kilns in the early Qing Dynasty were also intentionally copied. In Kangxi period, there were varieties such as snake skin green and eel yellow in Tibetan kiln.

Green glaze

The lime glaze containing copper oxide is red in reducing atmosphere and green in oxidizing atmosphere. The traditional blue glaze and blue color in China all use copper as colorant, which belongs to copper blue glaze.

In China, copper was used as colorant to burn lead blue glaze in Han Dynasty, and the blue glaze on porcelain in Song Dynasty was more common. However, before the burning of malachite green in Ming Dynasty, all green glazes were dark turquoise, which did not reach the level of bright green. Therefore, successful green glazes are the products of Ming and Qing dynasties. Such as Langyao green in high-temperature green glaze, apple green, peacock green, melon skin green, okra green and so on in low-temperature green glaze.

Peacock Green Peacock Green is also called "Fatui", also called jade glaze or auspicious glaze. There are two shades of glaze color; Deep color is lush, with fine particles in the glaze, lined with white glaze bottom, and the glaze color is bright and gorgeous; The former is mainly used in colored glazes, such as eggplant skin purple and other glazes, often accompanied by malachite green. If malachite green is painted on blue and white, the color of blue and white will turn black, which is quite similar to malachite green and black flowers in Cizhou kiln in Song Dynasty.

Malachite green is a low-temperature glaze with copper as colorant. The firing of folk kilns in Song and Yuan Dynasties was first seen in Cizhou Kiln in Song Dynasty. During Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen began to fire a single peacock green glaze on porcelain. There are two kinds of firing methods: first, the glaze is directly fired with plain tires, and the glaze is easy to peel off; One is to burn the glaze on a white glaze device, and few people peel the glaze.

Turquoise green turquoise green, also known as okra green, is a new variety of green glaze created and fired during Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty. Modern formula is made of barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and boric acid. Its color is light yellow, slightly green, similar to turquoise, hence the name "turquoise green".

Flame glaze

The appearance of red glaze can be traced back to the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, but the truly pure and stable red glaze is the red that was fired in the early Ming Dynasty. When I arrived in Jiajing, I burned alum red with iron as a colorant. Red is a high-temperature glaze, and Fan Hong is a low-temperature glaze.

There are many kinds of red glazes, except bright red, ranging from dark and strict to various varieties. Deep ones are ruby red, vermilion, chicken blood red, accumulated red, smeared red and so on. Those with red and yellow stripes are also called apricot shirts, those with yellow stripes are also called coral glazes, and there are also oranges and Bordeaux. Light color is generally called pink, gray is called cowpea red, and gray and dark are called suckling rat skin; Carmine is also a kind of pink The most gorgeous pink is called beauty drunk.

Fan Hong Fan Hong is a kind of low-temperature red glaze with iron oxide as colorant and sintered in an oxidizing atmosphere. Its color is usually red like orange. Fan Hong was burnt down during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. By the time of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Fan Hong had made great progress, with bright colors, gorgeous and dignified. Generally used for multi-color and bucket color painting, there is no monochrome glaze. After Jiaqing, Fan Hong's complexion was not very good, only slightly improved during Guangxu period.

Rouge water Rouge water, also known as "Golden Red", is a low-temperature red glaze introduced from the west during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. It is made by firing on thin-walled white porcelain with glazes containing110000 and 2/ 10000 gold. The glaze juice is delicate and smooth, and its color is like rouge, hence the name "rouge water". The objects of rouge glaze are all official kiln products. It began between Kangxi, Jing Yu Yongzheng and Qianlong.

Coral red Coral red is also a kind of low-temperature iron red glaze, which began in Kangxi and flourished in harmony and sweetness. It is called "coral red" because the red glaze is blown out on the white glaze, and the glaze color is even and smooth after firing, which is comparable to that of natural coral. The glaze color was yellow in Yongzheng, and black and thick in Qianlong. During the Kang and Yong dynasties, coral red was used as the background color, painted with colorful or pastel colors, and the modeling, production and painting of utensils were extremely fine. When dragons are dry, they are often painted with gold on coral red, or used to decorate organ ears. However, coral red utensils are still the most expensive.

Ji Hong Ji Hong was founded and burned in the late Kangxi period. It is a pure crimson glaze, and Ji Hong is characterized by thick glaze juice; The glaze is covered with tiny brown eyes, like orange peel. Its color is crimson, just like the red light in the clear sky after a storm, so it got the proud name "Ji Hong". The red glaze flourished in three generations: Kang, Yong and Gan. Kangxi Ji Hong used coarse materials; The color is heavy, the glaze color is uneven, and it is red; Uneven edge of glaze.

And when it is dry, the color is stable, with black in the red orange peel and brown eyes on the glaze; The edge glaze is neat, and there is no obvious penetration of red.

Jun Hong Song Dynasty Jun Kiln used copper oxide as colorant, and the copper red glaze fired in reducing atmosphere became Jun Hong. Jun Hong is the earliest red glaze. At that time, the glaze configuration was not precise and accurate. Besides copper, it is also mixed with other metal oxides. Therefore, the red glaze of Jun porcelain is reddish purple, which is close to the purple of roses and begonia flowers, so it is also called "rose purple" and "begonia red". In Jun Hong products, red, blue and purple often cross each other, and the gorgeous picture is like fire and clouds.

The appearance of Jun red glaze has opened up a new realm for ceramic decoration technology. Ruby red and Ji red in Ming dynasty, peach blossom slices in Qing dynasty and the appearance of some kiln-changed glazes are all related to Jun red.

Cowpea red Cowpea red is a kind of high-temperature glaze with changeable colors, and it is copper red in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. One of the precious varieties in glaze. The glaze color is light red, the glaze color is turquoise, and there are moss spots. This kind of green moss spot is a technical defect in firing, but it is elegant and light, soft and pleasing to the eye, with a little green spot mixed in light red, giving people a sense of beauty and arousing people's thoughts. Because the density of copper in different parts is different, the color of copper after firing is also different: some are dark red spots or even pink, or red spots are densely packed, while others reflect light red, revealing green spots or halo. Therefore, it has the reputation of "green as the first life of spring water and red as the morning glow".

Rubbing red is also a low-temperature red glaze, which is a kind of coral red. It is not blowing glaze, but brushing glaze, so it is called "wiping red". The red glaze layer is uneven, with brush marks, and the color looks beautiful and moist. Ma Hong appeared in the Ming Dynasty, and his most outstanding achievement was in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.

glaze

Black Glaze In ancient China, black glazes were divided into lime glazes and lime-alkali glazes. Early black glazes such as Eastern Han Dynasty and Eastern Jin Dynasty belong to lime glazes. After the Tang Dynasty, lime-alkali glaze was basically used. As far as the varieties of black glaze are concerned, it can be divided into two categories: ordinary black glaze and colored black glaze. Oil drops, rabbit hair, tortoise shell, sesame paste glaze, etc. , is a different color of black glaze.

Oil drop glaze Oil drop glaze is one of the special varieties of black glaze. Its characteristic is that there are many small dots with silver-gray metallic luster scattered on the glaze, which vary in size, the big ones are several millimeters in diameter, and the small ones are only the size of a needle tip, which looks like oil drops, hence the name "oil drop glaze". Oil drop glaze belongs to crystalline glaze. Iron oxide is enriched during firing, and these parts are supersaturated when cooling, and crystals are precipitated from it in the form of hematite and magnetite, forming "oil drop" spots.

Oil drop glaze was created and fired in Song Dynasty. Judging from the handed down products, this kind of black glaze ware has typical kiln building characteristics, but it has not been unearthed in the kiln site. Ding kiln, Hebi kiln and Linfen kiln in the northern region have been unearthed, with Linfen kiln being the majority. Ding kiln and Hebi kiln have small spots of oil droplets, but they have strong silver luster.

Rabbit hair is yellow-brown or rust-colored stripes on black glaze, which looks like rabbit hair and is called rabbit hair spot. Rabbit hair is a valuable variety of black glaze. The formation reasons are as follows: (1) During the firing process, bubbles in the glaze layer bring iron into the glaze; At the high temperature of 1300℃, the glaze layer flows and the iron-rich part flows in strips. When it cools, small hematite crystals separate from it, thus forming gorgeous rabbit spots. Rabbit hair appeared in the early Song Dynasty. Jade hair, different hair, rabbit hair spots, rabbit brown gold wire and so on, which are often mentioned in poems of past dynasties, are all different names of rabbit hair. Many porcelain kilns in Fujian province burn black lamps with rabbit hair patterns, which are called rabbit hair lamps, and the products of Jianyang kiln are the most famous. Porcelain kilns in Jiangxi, Sichuan and Shanxi also burn rabbits, but the number is less than that in Fujian.

Tortoise shell glaze is a product of Jizhou kiln, with black and yellow glaze color and moist tone. The body of tortoise shell glaze is made of porcelain clay with less iron content; Uranium is hung on the green body. After baking in the kiln, the glazes with different expansion coefficients are hung at one time and then re-fired. Because the glaze layer is cracked, flowing, dense and caulked, tortoise shell-shaped markings are formed in black, so it is called tortoise shell glaze. In addition to Jizhou kiln, there are tortoise shell glaze specimens imitating Jizhou kiln in Guangxi.

Partridge spot is also a kind of crystalline glaze. Two kinds of black glazes with different iron contents were hung on the green body twice and fired at a slightly lower temperature than other crystalline glaze. Because more iron is crystallized in the glaze, the black glaze presents the same pattern as the partridge feather, so it is named partridge spot.

White glaze

White glaze White glaze is the natural color glaze of porcelain. Generally, porcelain clay and glaze all contain some iron oxide more or less, and the utensils will inevitably show different shades of cyan after firing. If the content of iron in the glaze is less than 0.75%, it is white glaze. The production of ancient white porcelain is not to add white colorant to glaze, but to select porcelain clay and glaze with less iron content for processing and refining, so as to minimize iron content. In this way, white porcelain with high whiteness can be fired by coating pure transparent glaze on the white porcelain tire.

White glaze appeared in the Northern Dynasties. The white porcelain unearthed from Fan Cui's tomb in the Northern Qi Dynasty is the earliest white porcelain found in China so far.

Sweet white glaze Sweet white glaze is a kind of white glaze created and fired by Yongle Kiln. Because many Yongle white porcelain products are so thin that they can shine immediately. The thin tire surface is engraved with glazed dark flowers, which gives people a "sweet" feeling, hence the name "sweet white". The successful firing of Jingdezhen sweet white glaze created favorable conditions for the development of colored porcelain in Ming Dynasty. Doucai, multicolored and famille rose in the Ming and Qing Dynasties can only show their bright colors on the basis of the high achievements of white porcelain.

Sweet white glaze was also fired in the Qing Dynasty. Kangxi sweet white glaze is milk powder color, white and shiny, without streaks, also known as milky white.

Blue and white glaze Blue and white glaze is also called shadow blue. It is the original creation of Jingdezhen kiln in the middle and early Northern Song Dynasty. Blue-and-white enamel has low iron content, white and blue glaze color, and thin and glittering glaze layer. In addition, the burning material is extremely thin, and the dark engraved pattern on the device can be seen both inside and outside. The edge of the pattern is a little pale blue, and the rest is almost white, so it is called blue-and-white glaze. Others call it reflective green, hidden green or covered green.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the output of blue-and-white glazed porcelain surged by the method of over-firing, forming a blue-and-white capital system in the south with Jingdezhen as the center. In addition to Jingdezhen, Anhui, Fujian, Hubei and other places also have kilns for firing blue-and-white glazed porcelain. After entering the Yuan Dynasty, the blue-and-white glaze was slightly cyan, not as clear and transparent as in the Song Dynasty.

Ivory white is the pure white glaze of Dehua kiln in Ming Dynasty. Because the content of iron trioxide in the glaze is particularly low, but the content of potassium oxide is not particularly high, the glaze color is particularly pure because it is fired in a neutral atmosphere. From the appearance, the color is smooth and bright, milky white like solidified fat; Under the light, the glaze is pink or milky white, so it is called lard white and ivory white. Europeans also call this glaze color goose down white and porcelain white.

Green glaze

The earliest colored glaze of blue glazed porcelain is the blue glaze that appeared in the south. The so-called "green glaze" is not pure green, but has several colors such as yellow, green and cyan, but it always emits a little turquoise. At the same time, the ancients often referred to cyan, green and blue as "cyan". So Zhiheng's "Drinking Six Restaurants on Porcelain" said: "Ancient porcelain Shang Qing, shine on you." Liu Zifen's "On Bamboo Garden Pottery" also said: "A kind of cyan is often mixed with blue. After a storm comes a calm, the blue of Jun kiln and Yuan kiln is almost blue. Only a thousand peaks are green, and green plums and green beans are pure green ears. The sky is blue, and sometimes it is blue. "

China ancient green glazes used iron as the main coloring element and calcium oxide as the main fluxing agent. The colored glazes with iron oxide were burnt into yellow in the oxidation flame and turned into cyan after reducing flame. On the other hand, the content of iron oxide in glaze has a great relationship with the color of glaze. For example, the celadon oil of Guyue kiln and Wuzhou kiln contains 2-3% iron, and its glaze color is dark, showing bean blue or wormwood color; In the Tang Dynasty, the iron oxide content of Ouyao celadon glaze was 1.54%, and the glaze color was light cyan. Deqing kiln uses purple mud with high iron content to prepare black glaze, which makes the iron content in the glaze as high as 6-8%, so the color is black as paint.

Light green was originally a light blue silk. The so-called "light green" means the glaze color of celadon. The glaze color of Ou porcelain is light green. Its color is light blue, and in light grayish green, there are more blue components. However, due to different temperatures, the glaze colors are not consistent, including dark gray-green, turquoise, yellowish green, and even gray and smoky dark red. There are two kinds of enamel: one is transparent glass glaze, which is thicker and more open; One is opaque glass glaze, which is fired by reducing flame.

Secret color According to "Gao Zhai Man Lu", "Secret color porcelain, the world said that the Qian family had a National Day and was burned in Yuezhou, which was a sacrifice, so it could not be used, so it was called secret color." Later literature echoed this statement. In fact, the secret color is one of the shades of green glaze, gray-blue, and the glaze color is dull.

The secret color did not begin with money, but existed in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Five Dynasties, declined in the Southern Song Dynasty, and was interrupted in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, secret porcelain was fired in Shanglin Lake, Yuyao. At this time, the glaze color is no longer an immature reduction color with yellowish green, but a clear lake green. Therefore, some foreign countries also call the secret color scarlet.

Pink blue pink blue is a kind of calcium-alkali glaze. It uses iron oxide as the main colorant and a small amount of manganese or titanium. The method of pink green is to hang glaze on the blank, and the glaze thickness is 1-2.5 cm. After entering the kiln, it is fired in high temperature reducing flame, and the glaze is green and elegant, which has the same artistic effect as sapphire. Pink green glaze was first created by Longquan kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty. The official kilns in Song Dynasty and Jingdezhen later had successful pink and green products.

Bean green bean green originated from Longquan kiln in Song Dynasty. Dong Qing and Dou Qing belonged to the same category, but later each had its own characteristics. It was slightly yellow before the Ming Dynasty, pure and nearly green in the Qing Dynasty. The beans in Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty were light yellow; In Kangxi, the color was dark, the glaze was moist, and the enamel was a silhouette. This is the bean green glaze on various utensils, which is applied to the surface, and the inside and bottom of the utensils are still white glaze.

Tianqing It is said that when Chai Shizong was in the late Five Dynasties, the official history of the imperial court asked for instructions on the shape and color of the imperial porcelain. Chai Shizong replied that "after the rain broke the sky, it was like a color." The glaze color created according to this color is called "azure after rain", which is azure glaze. The glaze color of Ru kiln mentioned in related literature is also called azure. As far as collection is concerned.

Green glaze reached its peak in the early Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Kangxi, the products of the official kiln were azure, thin and firm, bright and smooth, and did not open the glaze. Folk kilns are darker in blue and thicker in glaze. By Yongzheng, the glaze color was quiet and meaningful, and it was even more successful. However, after drying, it was called "grimace blue" because of the poor quality of the green material and the gloomy glaze color.