Video of bean planting in greenhouse
1. The selected varieties can be Fengshou 1No. or 85 10 (a newly bred strain). Fengshou 1 has strong cold resistance, early pod setting, market yield of 85 10 and neat pod setting.
2. Soak the seeds with 0.3% formalin for 20 minutes, take them out, rinse them and soak them in warm water at 40℃ for 2 hours.
Third, raising seedlings
1. sow. Generally, the seeds are sown from the end of 1 1 month to the middle of1February, and the seed amount of 667 m2 is 4-5 kg, and the seedlings are raised by nutrition or nutrition pots. After sowing, a small arch shed is covered for cold protection and moisture preservation.
2. Seedling management. The indoor temperature before germination after sowing should reach 20-25℃ during the day, 13℃ at night and 15℃ at ground humidity. When the 1 real leaf is exposed after excavation, the temperature should be kept at 15-20℃ during the day, not lower than 10℃ at night, and the ground humidity should be 13℃; When the first 1 real leaf is flattened to the first 1 compound leaf exposed, the daytime temperature should be 18-20℃, at night 13℃, and the ground temperature 15℃, and the mulch should be uncovered early and covered late.
5-7 days before planting, the temperature is 8℃ at night, 15- 18℃ during the day, and the ground temperature is 1 1℃. When the seedlings grow to two leaves and one heart, they can be planted in the calendar when the seedling age reaches about 35 days. There is no flood or topdressing during the whole seedling stage, so it is necessary to water the soles of the feet. If the leaves are yellow, 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.2 urea solution can be used for foliar spraying.
4. Planting in 667m 2 with more than 4,000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer can be done when the room temperature stably passes above 8℃. Planting in dark water, the density of 667m 2 is 3,000-4,000 holes, the row spacing is 60-70cm, and the hole spacing is 26-33cm.
Five, after planting, the management of kidney beans is a short-day and strong-light crop. The seedling stage requires short sunshine hours to facilitate the growth and development of seedlings. During management, it is required to increase ground temperature, strengthen root permeability, enhance light intensity, shorten light time, and adjust the contradiction between reproductive growth and vegetative growth.
1, the management from the time of planting to the peak of planting. During the day, the temperature is controlled at 20-25℃, at night 13℃, the ground temperature 15℃, and the temperature is kept at 65%-75%, 1 mid-month. At this time, the bean begins to stretch, and the pod fertilizer is forced, and the cake fertilizer is 50 kg at 667 m2, or the manure can be diluted.
2. Management from full pod setting to seedling pulling. Harvest begins in early February, and vegetative growth and reproductive growth go hand in hand, and a large number of underground nodules are formed. At this time, it is the time when fertilizer and water are most needed, and it is also the peak period of photosynthetic product formation. At this time, in addition to absorbing a large amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer is needed. During management, the daytime temperature should be 20-25℃, and at night it should not be lower than 15℃ and the ground temperature/kloc. The indoor humidity is about 80%. The content ratio of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the second topdressing should be 24: 1 1: 40. By the way, the second water should be poured, and then the second harvest 1 topdressing1fertilizer should be poured1water. From the end of April to the first ten days of May, it is the peak period of bean pod transfer from the main vine. At this time, because it has entered the stage of high temperature and high humidity, pests and diseases are aggravated, and the flowers and trees are seriously dropped. If the market price is high, the management of fertilizer and water can be strengthened and the harvest can be continued. If the price is low, the seedlings can be pulled ahead of time.
Six, pest control
1. rust. It can be sprayed with 15% triadimefon wettable powder 1000 times or 70% mancozeb wettable powder 1000 times.
2. Anthrax. 2200-250g of 45% chlorothalonil fumigant can be used for smoking every 667m, and 800 times of 50% amobam aqueous solution can also be used.
3. Gray mold. You can smoke with 2200-250g of 50% chlorphenamine wettable powder per 667m or 200-250g of 10% quick-curing smoke agent, or spray powder with 10% dust killer per 667m 2 1 kg, or you can use it alternately.
4. aphids. It can be sprayed with 4000 times of 25% Kung Fu EC or 2000 times of 20% Miesaoli EC.
Cultivation techniques of beans in greenhouse
First, variety selection
Early maturity, high quality and high yield varieties should be selected, and the main varieties are: purple flower oil bean, peanut oil bean and Hare bean No.1.
Second, raising seedlings
Nursery seedlings are raised in nutrient pots in greenhouses.
1, the sowing date is generally in the first and middle of March in the southern region and in the middle and late of March in the northern region. The seeding amount is 4-5 kg per 667 square meters of transplanting field, and the seeding amount per square meter of seedbed100g. When sowing, the water content of seedbed soil should reach above 80%, and the soil temperature of bed soil in greenhouse should be kept above 12℃. The temperature is 20-25℃ during the day and 15- 16℃ at night. When sowing, water should be poured through the nutrient bowl, and after water infiltration, 3? 4 germinate seeds, cover with soil 1.5cm, and then buckle the small arch shed.
2. Preparation before sowing The preparation before sowing mainly includes the following three aspects.
(1) Production of Seeding Bed and Preparation of Nutrient Soil
The size of the seedbed in the greenhouse should be determined according to the size of the greenhouse, and the nutrition bowl should be placed in the seedbed. Preparation of nutrient soil: use 60% garden soil, 30% decomposed organic fertilizer and 10% decomposed large manure, then add rhizobia fertilizer and long-acting microbial compound fertilizer and mix them evenly. Then put the prepared nutrient soil into a nutrient bowl with a diameter of 8cm or 10cm and a height of 12cm.
(2) Seed treatment When sowing, dry seeds with large grains and no diseased spots are selected, and 1% formalin solution is selected for soaking for 20 minutes to kill anthrax bacteria on the surface of the seeds, and then washed with clear water and dried.
(3) 2? Soak seeds in normal temperature water for 3 days? 4 hours, accelerating germination at 30℃ for 24 hours, and the radicle breaks the seed coat.
3, seedling temperature and water management from sowing to emergence, 20-25℃ during the day, 15- 16℃ at night, 3? After 4 days of digging, the cotyledons were flattened, and the film was removed to cool down. Daytime 15? At 20℃, after emergence, 1O naive leaves appear, and the true leaves spread to 10 days before planting, so it is required to raise the temperature for 20? 25℃, in order to facilitate flower bud differentiation and root leaf growth, seedlings should be exercised 10 days before planting, and 15 days during the day? 20℃, at night 12- 15℃. In terms of water management, because kidney bean seedlings are relatively drought-tolerant, after emergence, according to seedling growth and soil moisture, appropriate water supply is 2? Three times, neither too dry nor too wet.
Strong seedling standard, strong seedling after exercise, short and strong cluster, developed root system, 2? 3 true leaves, 30 years old? 35 days.
Third, colonization
1, preparation before planting
(l) Land preparation and base fertilizer application: Choose flat and sunny plots, and apply 45? per hectare. 60 tons of organic fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and then the land is plowed to make the border.
(2) before the tent planting 20? 25 days to buckle the shed, usually in 2? In mid-March, the shed was closed, and the shed film was drip-free anti-aging shed film, and the amount of polyethylene plastic shed film was per 667 square meters120kg.
2. Planting
(l) Temperature index and heat preservation measures during the safe planting period. When the kidney beans are planted in the greenhouse, the soil temperature in the greenhouse must be stable above 10℃, and the temperature at night should not be lower than 8℃, usually in the first half of April. Thermal insulation measures during planting: the internal thermal insulation adopts a small shed with a double curtain, and if necessary, a warm air furnace is used in the shed, and the external thermal insulation mainly adopts covering grass around the shed.
(2) Planting method and density of dwarf kidney beans, with hole spacing of 30cm*60cm and seedling protection of 8000 mu? 10000 plants. Generally, the trailing kidney beans are planted in the border, with the width of the border 1.2cm, with two rows per border and the spacing between plants of 20? 25cm, 6000 mu of seedlings? 8,000 plants, creeping species can also be interplanted with green leafy vegetables such as rape, cultivated in high border, with border width 1m, two rows per border, with a distance of 25cm, and three rows of rapeseed planted between rows 10cm; Pull out the rape before the bean blooms, and at the same time, chajia leads the vine. When planting, it is advisable to ditch and irrigate with soaked soil, and then cover with dry soil.
Fourth, field management
1, management from planting to flowering and pod setting.
(1) After planting the kidney bean slowly, it should be cultivated in the middle to loosen the soil, which is beneficial to increase the ground temperature and promote the growth of the root system. Generally, it should be cultivated every other week or so from planting to flowering. The intertillage should be deep, and with the intertillage, the soil should be appropriately cultivated to the rhizome. In order to facilitate the continuous occurrence of lateral roots in the rhizomes.
(2) Temperature and moisture management The temperature management after planting shall be maintained at 20-25℃ during the day and 15 at night? 20℃, about 20℃ in the daytime and above 15℃ at night at the flowering stage, so as to facilitate normal flowering and pod setting. In water management, because kidney beans have certain drought tolerance, irrigation and fertilization are generally not carried out from planting to flowering to prevent the stems and leaves from growing in vain. At the beginning of flowering, it is necessary to increase the air release and eliminate humid air, so as to facilitate pollination, avoid falling flowers and reduce diseases.
(3) Scaffolding When the vines are pulled out by 30cm, the vines should be scaffolding. For double-row planting, the two rows can be put together into a zigzag frame, and for single-row planting, a scaffold or a herringbone frame should be erected.
2. Management of pod setting period
(1) Fertilizer and water management When the dwarf kidney beans show flower buds, the trailing kidney beans begin to topdress and irrigate after pulling vines, so as to promote the rapid growth of seedlings and pods. Combined with irrigation, diammonium phosphate 1 time, 225-300kg per hectare, once every 7- 10 days, the irrigation amount should not be too large each time, and the creeping species can be 10? /kloc-once every 0/5 days, topdressing 2? Three times of chemical fertilizer, each time 150-225kg diammonium phosphate. Soak seeds or spray plants with 0.0 1-0.03% ammonium molybdate. It can promote the early maturity of kidney beans and improve the early yield.
(2) Ventilation management Ventilation and air exchange. Generally, ventilation and air exchange are not carried out within one week after planting, so as to keep the greenhouse at a high temperature and facilitate seedling delay. When the temperature exceeds 30℃, it should be ventilated for a short time at noon, and it should be kept at about 25℃ from seedling delay to flowering to promote growth. On the premise of keeping about 20℃ during flowering and pod setting, the air volume is large, which is beneficial to pollination, fruiting and pod hypertrophy. High temperature and humidity will cause falling flowers, the humidity should be kept at 75%, and the bottom wind will be released day and night after the final frost period.
Five, pest control
1, disease control, flowering and pod setting period, available 2000? 3000 times triadimefon to control rust; 600-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil was used to control gray mold, erythema and anthracnose, and 5% chlorothalonil dust agent was used to control gray mold and anthracnose.
2, pest control growth period 1000? 1500 times 40% dimethoate is used to control aphids, and 2000-3000 times 40% Juma EC or 3000? Control of Pieris rapae, Spodoptera Gan Lan, Aphids and Red Spiders with 4,000 times of methomyl.
Six, harvesting and listing
Kidney beans are tender pods for food. When the pods reach commodity maturity, they should be harvested at the right time. Generally, the dwarf species will be harvested 25-35 days after planting, and the trailing species will be harvested 35? Harvest began in 45 days, 3? Harvest once every 5 days, pod setting period 1? Harvest once every two days. Harvesting too late will affect the quality and pod setting of subsequent inflorescences. The harvested pods should be put on the market in time, and those that are not on the market can be kept fresh at 3℃.
Seven, clean the countryside
The diseased leaves of diseased plants should be cleared away in time. Concentrate on burning and burying. Harvest pods in early July. The racks should be stored in a centralized way, so as to prevent the germs and eggs on the diseased plants from being harmed in the next year, so as to achieve the function of preventing and controlling diseases and pests.
Classification of bean varieties
Cowpea:
Which is what we call long beans. In addition to strengthening the spleen and regulating the stomach, it is most important to tonify the kidney. Li Shizhen once praised it for being able to? Regulating the middle energizer, invigorating the kidney and stomach, harmonizing the five internal organs, regulating the camp and health, and giving birth to the essence? . So-called? Camp guard? , which is what Chinese medicine calls Ying Wei Er Qi, can fully ensure people's sleep quality after adjustment. In addition, eating cowpea can also treat vomiting, burping and other discomfort. When children suffer from indigestion and flatulence, it can play a certain role in relieving them by using a proper amount of raw cowpea and swallowing it after chewing it carefully.
Lentils:
Mostly eaten in summer and autumn. It can play a certain therapeutic effect on anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, female leucorrhea and other symptoms caused by spleen and stomach weakness. Diabetic patients often feel thirsty because of spleen and stomach weakness, so it is best to eat more lentils at ordinary times. Women can fry lentils into powder, 6? 12g, taken with glutinous rice wine or warm water, can relieve the symptoms of leucorrhea.
Sword bean:
Sweet in taste and warm in nature, it has the functions of warming the spleen and stomach, lowering qi, benefiting kidney and supplementing vitality. It is suitable for symptoms such as qi stagnation, burping, chest tightness and discomfort, and low back pain. The tender sword bean is used to cook or make pickles, which is not only delicious, but also has the effect of warming up; Old concanavalin has the best therapeutic effect on hiccups.
Peas: