Analysis:
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is only one word apart from saffron, so it is often mistaken for the same thing with different names in concept, and some people regard Safflower, which has already been cultivated by * * *, as saffron. In fact, these are two completely different plants. Safflower is a panicum miliaceum of Compositae belonging to Dicotyledonous Class, with a height of about 1 m, and each tubular flower in the flower head is orange. Crocus sativus is a perennial herb of Iris belonging to monocotyledonous class, with bulbs and purplish or purplish red flowers. Although they have similar functions in promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals, they are different in system evolution, morphological development and its
There are great differences in other uses.
Crocus sativus is a well-known "Tibetan medicine" at home and abroad, which is collected from the alpine region above 5000 meters above sea level. Its medicinal effect is peculiar, especially famous for promoting blood circulation and nourishing blood. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, crocus sativus can "promote blood circulation, control depression and treat fright". Saffron has the functions of dredging channels and activating collaterals, dredging channels and removing blood stasis, removing blood stasis, relieving swelling and pain, cooling blood and detoxicating, and relieving anxiety and stagnation. Long-term persistence in taking it can make people happy and comprehensively improve human immunity. Modern pharmacological research has proved that it is effective in improving myocardial blood supply and oxygen supply. Crocus sativus contains many glycosides, which can obviously increase the blood flow of the great coronary artery.
In recent years, scientists have found that Crocitin, safr ***, Crocin and crocin in the stamens of crocus sativus have strong anticancer activities. In particular, it has a strong inhibitory effect on blood cancer cells, cancer, flat cell tumor and soft tissue sarcoma. Its anti-cancer mechanism is to inhibit the synthesis of DNA and RNA of cancer cells, the activity of cellular protein kinase and the expression of proto-oncogene, and the toxicity of carcinogens such as benzopyrene and 12-O- 14 acyl phosphonone-13 acetate (TPA), thus inhibiting the formation of tumors at the molecular level. The semi-lethal dose of its cancer cells is 0.8 ~ 2 μ m, and its toxicity is far less than that of retinoic acid. Therefore, anti-cancer active substances such as crocin will become one of the most ideal anti-cancer drugs in 2 1 century.
The unique magical effect of crocus sativus is widely used by Chinese and foreign medical circles to prevent and treat cerebral thrombosis, vasculitis, myocardial infarction, blood deficiency, irregular menstruation, postpartum congestion, general pain, traumatic injury, neurasthenia, fright and madness.
[Selection Party]
① Cure all kinds of knots: take one saffron each time, and wash it under the soup. Avoid oil, meat and salt, and eat light porridge. ("Compendium")
(2) Treating typhoid fever is crazy, and it is frightening and trance-like: spreading the law is divided into two parts, soaking in a lamp of water for one night and taking it. ("Medical Forest Collection")
③ Treatment of hematemesis: one saffron and one ashless wine. Put the flowers into the wine and stew the juice through the soup. ("Compendium")
Honghua
Flos Carthami
[Source] This product is the dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius L. of Compositae.
[Plant morphology] Annual or biennial herbs, 30 ~ 90 cm high. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 4 ~12 cm long and1~ 3 cm wide, with an acuminate apex, irregular serrations at the edges and sharp spines at the teeth; Almost sessile, slightly holding the stem. The head is terminal, 3 ~ 4 cm in diameter, with multiple layers of total bracts, the outermost 2 ~ 3 layers of leaflike, with unequal sharp teeth on the edge, several layers of oval on the inner surface and short thorns on the upper edge; All are tubular flowers, bisexual, and the corolla is yellow at first, and gradually becomes orange. Achene is white, obovate, about 5mm long, with four edges and no crown hair. The flowering period is May to July, and the fruiting period is July to September.
[Characteristics of Medicinal Materials] Flowers mostly gather into irregular clumps. Red or red and yellow. The length of a single flower is about1.5cm. Corolla tube is slender, the apex is 5-lobed, and the lobes are narrow and linear, 5 ~ 7 mm long. Stamens 5, anthers aggregated into tube shape, yellow. The stigma is long and cylindrical, and the top is slightly bifurcated. Soft. It has a special aroma and a slightly bitter taste. After using blisters, the water turns golden yellow and the flowers do not fade.
Indications: Promoting blood circulation and dredging channels, removing blood stasis and relieving pain. It can be used for amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, lochia, abdominal mass, traumatic injury, sore and swelling.
[Note] Pregnant women should use it with caution.
Carthamus tinctorius is a commonly used Chinese medicine, which has the functions of removing blood stasis, promoting blood circulation and dredging menstruation, and can be used to treat amenorrhea, dystocia, postpartum lochia, blood stasis, carbuncle, swelling and traumatic injury. It can excite and contract uterus. It contains crocin, crocin quinone glycoside and neocrocin. Safflower pigment extracted from flowers can be used as food colorant and fabric dye. Fruit is called "Baipingzi" as Chinese medicine, which can promote blood circulation and detoxify. The oil squeezed from fruit is called safflower oil, which is light yellow. It is a high-quality edible oil, containing more linoleic acid and vitamin E. It can reduce blood lipid and serum cholesterol, prevent atherosclerosis, and can also be used as antioxidant and stabilizer of vitamins A and D. Industrially, it is used as raw material for making paint and wax paper, and as mechanical lubricating oil. Oil meal is refined feed.
Saffron can't be soaked in water every day, especially for pregnant women.
zhidao.baidu/question/ 14 14060
Crocus sativus is a well-known "Tibetan medicine" at home and abroad, which is collected from the alpine region above 5000 meters above sea level. Its medicinal effect is peculiar, especially famous for promoting blood circulation and nourishing blood. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, crocus sativus can "promote blood circulation, control depression and treat fright". Saffron has the functions of dredging channels and activating collaterals, dredging channels and removing blood stasis, removing blood stasis, relieving swelling and pain, cooling blood and detoxicating, and relieving anxiety and stagnation. Long-term persistence in taking it can make people happy and comprehensively improve human immunity. Modern pharmacological research has proved that it is effective in improving myocardial blood supply and oxygen supply. Crocus sativus contains many glycosides, which can obviously increase the blood flow of the great coronary artery.
In recent years, scientists have found that Crocitin, safr ***, Crocin and crocin in the stamens of crocus sativus have strong anticancer activities. In particular, it has a strong inhibitory effect on blood cancer cells, cancer, flat cell tumor and soft tissue sarcoma. Its anti-cancer mechanism is to inhibit the synthesis of DNA and RNA of cancer cells, the activity of cellular protein kinase and the expression of proto-oncogene, and the toxicity of carcinogens such as benzopyrene and 12-O- 14 acyl phosphonone-13 acetate (TPA), thus inhibiting the formation of tumors at the molecular level. The semi-lethal dose of its cancer cells is 0.8 ~ 2 μ m, and its toxicity is far less than that of retinoic acid. Therefore, anti-cancer active substances such as crocin will become one of the most ideal anti-cancer drugs in 2 1 century.
The unique magical effect of crocus sativus is widely used by Chinese and foreign medical circles to prevent and treat cerebral thrombosis, vasculitis, myocardial infarction, blood deficiency, irregular menstruation, postpartum congestion, general pain, traumatic injury, neurasthenia, fright and madness.
[Selection Party]
① Cure all kinds of knots: take one saffron each time, and wash it under the soup. Avoid oil, meat and salt, and eat light porridge. ("Compendium")
(2) Treating typhoid fever is crazy, and it is frightening and trance-like: spreading the law is divided into two parts, soaking in a lamp of water for one night and taking it. ("Medical Forest Collection")
③ Treatment of hematemesis: one saffron and one ashless wine. Put the flowers into the wine and stew the juice through the soup. ("Compendium")
Crocus sativus L． is a bulbous herb belonging to Crocus of Iris, and its native place is from the Mediterranean coast to the foothills of Himalayas, so it is called Crocus, Crocus or Crocus in China. At present, the main producing areas of saffron are Greece, Spain and Iran, and only a small amount is cultivated in China. Because of its extremely low yield and time-consuming and laborious harvesting, it is listed as a rare and precious Chinese herbal medicine in China. Saffron has a strong effect of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and resolving stagnation, and has been used in clinic. Especially in many traditional prescriptions of Mongolian medicine and Tibetan medicine, saffron is the main medicine and has many good effects. Recent studies have found that crocus sativus has good anticancer activity and almost no toxic and side effects, so it has attracted people's attention again.
The main components of crocin crude drug are crocetin, crocin about1.5%, crocin dimethyl cheese, crocin bitter, volatile oil 0.4% ~1.3%, as well as compounds such as eucalyptus, pinene, vitamins and thiamine. In recent years, with the rapid development of modern medicine, pharmacy and molecular biology, the medicinal value of crocus sativus has been studied in detail, and the pharmacological effects of crocus sativus, especially its anticancer activity and mechanism, have been gradually revealed, which makes crocus sativus become one of the ideal anticancer drugs in the future.
First, the role of the circulatory system
Saffron decoction can lower the blood pressure of * * and cats for a long time. Saffron extract has an exciting effect on respiration. Under the condition of normal pressure and hypoxia, it can increase the production of pyruvate and increase the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in myocardial cells, thus enhancing the oxygen metabolism function in cells, improving the hypoxia tolerance of the heart, reducing the damage of strenuous exercise to myocardial cells to a certain extent, and protecting the heart.
The hot water extract of crocus sativus has obvious inhibitory effect on blood coagulation, and its effective component is adenosine, which can prolong the generation time and activation time of prothrombin, inhibit platelet aggregation caused by adenosine diphosphate and collagen, accelerate the fiber activity of urokinase and fibrinolytic enzyme, and reduce the specific viscosity of whole blood.
Clinical research by Chinese scholar Chen Qiong shows that crocus sativus can adjust the balance between plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor, improve fibrinolytic function of patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, and reduce thrombosis. However, the incidence of adverse reactions of saffron is significantly lower than that of aspirin.
Second, the anti-tumor effect
Modern research has found that saffron preparation has obvious anti-cancer ability, especially the saffron extract dimethyl crocetin has a strong inhibitory effect on leukemia, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon cancer, sarcoma, squamous cell tumor and soft tissue sarcoma. The anti-cancer mechanism may be the destruction of DNA synthetase system, that is, the destruction of DNA- protein communication medium, which is crucial for cell DNA synthesis, thus inhibiting the synthesis of DNA and RNA and achieving the effect of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. In addition, crocin also inhibits the activity of cell protein kinase and the expression of proto-oncogene
Jagadeeswaran et al. showed that crocetin, pentacarboxyflavone and cisplatin all had inhibitory effects on human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, among which crocetin and pentaphyllone only caused significant damage to human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, while cisplatin showed slight toxicity to normal African green monkey kidney cells while inhibiting human rhabdomyosarcoma cells.
Molnar et al. found that crocetin was not as effective as crocin in inhibiting the expression of early antigen of African lymphomatous virus, crocin and diglycosylcrocetin could inhibit the expression of early tumor antigen in adenovirus-infected cells, and were more effective than triglycosylcrocetin.
Wang et al.' s research shows that crocin can inhibit the rat skin tumor cells induced by 12-O- 14 acyl phosphonone-13 acetate, which is because crocin can weaken the phosphorylation level of TPA *** cell protein and inhibit12-o-/kloc at the same time.
Garcia-OImO and others studied the anti-colon cancer effect of long-term use of crocin, and used animal and human colon adenocarcinoma cells to identify the cytotoxicity of crocin. The study found that the survival time of the treated female mice was prolonged and the tumor growth slowed down, but no obvious anti-tumor effect was found in the male mice. In vitro experiments show that crocin has obvious cytotoxicity to human and animal colon adenocarcinoma cells, and serum analysis shows that it has only slight nephrotoxicity to mice. Therefore, foreign scholars believe that long-term crocin therapy can improve the survival rate of female rats with colon cancer without obvious toxic and side effects. The researchers pointed out that the anti-cancer effect of crocin may be related to its strong cytotoxicity to tumor cells.
Escribano and other studies have found that the extract of crocus sativus can inhibit the growth of human tumor cells. Their results showed that Hela cells treated with crocin swelled and the plasma membrane ruptured, indicating that its cytotoxicity might be caused by the absorption of extracellular fluid. Later, they reported that a proteoglycan isolated from crocus sativus bulb could significantly inhibit the growth of Hela cells in vitro, and its polysaccharide accounted for 94.5% of the whole molecule. The protein skeleton was composed of aspartic acid/asparagine, alanine, glutamic acid/glutamine, glycine and serine. In addition, they also extracted this proteoglycan from the callus of crocus sativus, and found that it also had significant cytotoxicity on uterine epithelial cancer cells.
Considering the water solubility and high inhibition, crocin is considered as one of the most promising cancer treatment agents in crocus sativus.
Third, the role of the liver and gallbladder
Crocus sativus has cholagogic effect, and the effective components are crocin sodium salt and crocin ester. Crocin can reduce cholesterol and increase fat metabolism, and can be used in combination with traditional Chinese medicines such as hawthorn, cassia seed and Alisma orientalis for the treatment of fatty liver.
Chen Jing's research results show that crocus sativus can improve microcirculation, promote bile secretion and excretion, and thus reduce abnormally increased globulin and total bilirubin, which can be used for the treatment of liver cirrhosis after chronic viral hepatitis. Crocin has a chemopreventive effect on early acute liver damage caused by toxic substances, which can increase the concentration of glutathione in cell fluid and enhance the activities of glutathione S transpeptidase and glutathione peroxidase, and is expected to be used in the treatment of chronic cholecystitis.
At present, there is no specific treatment for viral hepatitis. The treatment principle of traditional Chinese medicine is nothing more than clearing away heat and toxic materials, tonifying deficiency and removing blood stasis, and clearing away heat and toxic materials and removing blood stasis is particularly important in the treatment. Tibetan medicine "Jiuwei Honghua" pill is a classic prescription of Tibetan medicine for treating liver disease. It is made of pure natural high-quality plant medicines such as Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Stigma Croci Sativi and terminalia chebula. It has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, protecting liver and eliminating jaundice. Through clinical case study, Danzeng Jiancuo found that the drug has the functions of inhibiting hepatitis virus, eliminating the cause of hepatitis B, and promoting HBsAg to turn negative, which can improve immune function, reduce inflammation of liver parenchyma, prevent hepatocyte necrosis, promote its recovery and regeneration, and promote the elimination of virus, thus achieving the purpose of cure.
Fourth, the role of the kidney
At present, it is believed that the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis is closely related to platelets and inflammatory mediators released by them. Anti-platelet aggregation drugs such as saffron have achieved obvious effects in interfering with nephritis animal models. Li Zhijian et al. used the rat model of c-BSA nephritis to study the interference of antiplatelet factors such as ticlopidine, breviscapine and crocus sativus on this model. Results In the experimental group, the proteinuria was reduced, the level of prostaglandin in renal cortex changed and the pathological damage was mild. Among them, crocus sativus plays an important role in inhibiting cyclooxygenase and reducing TXA2 synthesis, which is one of prostaglandin families, so as to keep renal capillaries unobstructed, increase renal blood flow, facilitate the absorption of immune complex and promote the repair of inflammatory injury.
V. Immunomodulatory effect
Ling Xuejing and others found that the swimming endurance, cellular immunity and humoral immunity of mice in the treatment group were enhanced, and the weight coefficient of immune organs and lymphocyte transformation rate were significantly higher than those in the control group. Clinically, saffron is used to treat many chronic diseases of human body. Through its effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation, it can enhance the endurance of the body and enhance the lymphocyte proliferation reaction, so as to improve the cellular immunity and humoral immunity of the body, adjust the operation of human qi and balance the yin and yang of the human body.
Escribano also found that proteoglycan extracted from crocus sativus can quickly activate protein kinase C and NF-kappa B, and promote the activity of macrophages, so it has immune regulation and anti-invasion functions.
VI. Other functions
Saffron extract, especially crocin, can effectively inhibit the activities of oxygen free radicals and xanthine oxidase, showing antioxidant biological activity.
Kazubo et al. found that ethanol extract of crocus sativus can prevent the inhibition of long-term enhancement effect of hippocampus caused by ethanol. In the sawtooth gyrus of anesthetized mice, it can also effectively prevent the inhibition of long-term enhancement effect of hippocampus caused by acetaldehyde without affecting the learning function of mice.
In addition, the study of Premkumar et al. found that the water extract of crocus sativus can significantly inhibit the reproductive toxicity caused by anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C and urethane, but the inhibitory effect has no significant relationship with the dose. It can be predicted that the combination of saffron and other anticancer drugs is expected to reduce the side effects of these anticancer drugs.
The above results show that crocus sativus has clear pharmacological effects in treating or preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. In particular, crocus sativus has broad-spectrum anticancer activity and low toxicity, and monomer compounds such as crocin show better effects than crude extract of crocus sativus. After further basic research and clinical experiments, it is expected to become the mainstream new anticancer drug in the future, or a new drug for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with strong effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Therefore, it is of great social significance and economic value to deeply develop the medicinal value of crocin compounds so as to be widely used in the medical field.
Zhi chicken furong
Raw materials:
200 grams of chicken breast, 75 grams of tremella, 200 grams of fresh yam, 6 proteins, a little salt, wine 1 spoon, 2 tablespoons of starch, broth 1 big bowl. 30 grams of angelica dahurica, crocus sativus 10 grams.
Practice:
1. Slice the chicken breast with a spoon, chop it into mud, add 1/2 tsp salt, starch 1 tsp wine and mix well, then slowly beat in the egg whites one by one, and mix well to make minced chicken.
2. Peel and dice the yam, soak the tremella in water, and cut into fine particles.
3. Pour the broth and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae into the pot and cook, then add tremella and Rhizoma Dioscoreae. After cooking for about 5 minutes, add salt to taste, then add starch 1 tablespoon to thicken, reduce the heat, slowly add the minced chicken before taking out the pot, turn off the heat, pour into a deep dish and sprinkle with saffron.
Tips：
It is forbidden for pregnant women, hemorrhagic patients and people with gastrointestinal diseases.
Administration: 3 days 1 time.
Features:
Because of the pressure and busyness of work, the skin will gradually lack blood to moisturize, and lose its exquisiteness and elasticity, especially staying up late, being overtired, or not replenishing enough water, and staying in an air-conditioned environment for a long time will make the skin dry. Although it is less than middle age, its face is rough, yellow and old. Use this medicated diet to slow down the aging speed! This medicated diet can moisten the skin, activate the blood, make the face rosy, eliminate the swelling of limbs, and make the limbs more energetic.
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