The Spring Festival is the oldest, most festive, warmest and most desirable traditional festival in China. During the Spring Festival, tourists from afar return to their hometown and parents, and the father who goes out to work brings back a year's hard-earned money to reunite with his wife and children. Compared with foreign festivals, even with ordinary festivals in China, the Spring Festival highlights a family and embodies a feeling. Home is the harbor for all family members, and love is the bond that keeps family members together.

In addition to this deep feeling, the Spring Festival also represents joy and good luck. From firecrackers and Xie Nian to dragon and lion dances to celebrate the Spring Festival, everyone's face is filled with happy smiles, and the whole of China is immersed in the peaceful atmosphere of the festival. Because of tradition, it has the influence of traditional culture.

There is a saying that three miles is different from the wind and ten miles is different from the customs. Although Taizhou is a small place, there are many Spring Festival customs all over the country. What are the folk customs and folkways of Taizhou people during the Spring Festival? As a Taizhou person, I can't help but know.

The custom of celebrating the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival in Linhai.

The customs of the Spring Festival

In Linhai, the Spring Festival usually lasts from the first day of the first month to the eighth day. This is what Zhangjiadu folks say, "You can drink clear soup over eight years old".

Before dawn on New Year's Day, firecrackers exploded. After dawn, every household puts candles to burn incense and paper money, offering tea and fruit to the ancestors of heaven, earth and home.

For breakfast on New Year's Day, in the past, Chengguan ate glutinous rice and red date porridge, Dongxiang ate "longevity noodles" in coastal fishing villages, and some villagers in Northwest Village ate tofu porridge. In Du Qiao, Shangpan and other places, men make breakfast on the first day and are used to eating "vegetable head rice". On the fourth day, people prepare sacrifices, burn paper horses and paste a new "chef" called "Kitchen God".

On the first day of junior high school, there were many taboos in the past: no sweeping the floor, no pouring water on the ground, no knife, no needlework, no work, no business, no swearing, no debt collection, no fighting, and we should live in harmony even on this usual day of hatred.

The eighth day of the first month, commonly known as "Shangba", used to be the day when Zhangjiadu opened its market. On the eighth day, every household cooks rice for breakfast, which is called "Shangba rice". After the eighth day, folk New Year greetings will come to an end. However, the activities of the first month officially ended after the fourteenth day of the first month, because people "played lanterns" and "received the God of Wealth" for fourteen nights before the God of Wealth came to an end.

the Lantern Festival

Linhai people don't eat glutinous rice balls, but eat glutinous rice balls. The Lantern Festival is only fifteen, but fourteen.

According to the Records of Linhai County, Fang Guozhen, the leader of the peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty, was afraid that Zhu Yuanzhang would attack before the Lantern Festival, so he advanced the Lantern Festival by one day.

Another way of saying it is that (Qin)' s mother is a vegetarian at the new moon. In order to let her mother and her family spend the holidays together, the Lantern Festival was changed to 14.

It is also said that because Fang Guozhen's wife Dong Shi is the 14th birthday of the first month, the Lantern Festival is advanced to the evening. Others say that Qin, the top scholar of the Ming Dynasty in Linhai, celebrated the Lantern Festival ahead of schedule because he fasted on vegetarian food during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period.

Some people even say that when Qi Jiguang fought against Japan in Taizhou, the secret of the war was leaked, so he advanced the Lantern Festival by one night, and so on.

Legend belongs to legend. No one can trace back to the source and can't dig deep into this "cultural heritage". From generation to generation, it is recognized that "the fourteenth day of the first month is the Lantern Festival, and every family has rotten soup."

To make soup, people in Linhai call it "stirring" soup, which is very vivid. A lot of raw materials are stirred into a pot of soup, generally including mustard leaves, winter bamboo shoots, minced meat, oil bubbles, dried bean curd, Sichuan watercress, bean noodles, mushrooms, fungus, razor clam and other little seafood. After cooking, add stone powder, stir and season. Because of the rich raw materials, this soup is often a big pot when stirred, enough for the whole family to eat several meals.

On the fifteenth night, I will eat vegetarian soup, which is different from the salty soup on the fourteenth. It is called sweet soup.

Lantern Festival activities are generally held between the 13th and 17th of the first month, with the climax on the evening of 14th.

The Customs of Huangyan in the First Half of the First Month

It is very bright between the fourteenth day of the first month.

In the old society, on the fourteenth night of the first lunar month, every household in Huangyan City had to light up and hang up orange basket lanterns, orange lanterns and phoenix orange lanterns with local characteristics. Every orange forest outside the city is lit with red candles. From a distance, the whole Huangyan is brightly lit. At the same time, people in Orange Township also play a variety of folk cultural activities, such as lion dance, dragon dance, flower drum and dry boat. This custom, called "lighting", is said to have originated in the Ming Dynasty and was related to Qi Jiguang's anti-Japanese war.

Legend has it that during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, on the 14th day of the first month of one year, Qi Jiguang, a national hero, defeated an enemy at the seaside, and the remaining enemies fled to the mainland like lost dogs. When they fled to Huangyan, it was getting late. Some of them hid in the orange forest, and some broke into the house. Qi Jiguang arrived with the army, and the soldiers, together with the people, lit a lamp and searched for down archers. Suddenly, inside and outside the whole county, every house and every orange grove was brightly lit. Finally, the enemy was wiped out. In order to commemorate the victory of Qi Jiajun, the custom of "lighting a lamp from a distance" was handed down.

However, because every household has electric lights, in recent years, the effect of "intermittent lighting" is difficult to show, and this custom is limited to some sporadic rural lion and dragon dances and slightly larger lantern festivals.

On the fifteenth day of the first month, "put on orange lights"

Before liberation, on the fifteenth night of the first month of every year, there was an activity of "putting orange lanterns" on Chengjiang River outside Huangyan. According to the records of Huangyan County, this custom has a history of at least 1000 years.

According to legend, during the Jian Yan period of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin people invaded the south, and King Kang fled from the sea and passed through Taizhou. It happened to be the fifteenth day of the first month, and he went to Jinlong Mountain to see the sea at night. Suddenly, he saw countless lights floating on the Jiaojiang River (Chengjiang went to sea in Jiaojiang), which was very strange. The attendants told him that it was an orange lamp floating on the Chengjiang River. Zhao Gou came to the river to watch and invited his followers to join in the fun. He bought two boats of oranges, took out orange meat for everyone to eat, left orange shells to make orange lanterns and floated on the river.

Since then, on the fifteenth day of the first month, men, women and children in Huangyan City have left the city, and people on both sides of Chengjiang River are watching "lights". Temporary stalls gathered, people came and went, and it was very lively.

Xianju lantern

Xianju Lantern has a long history, is widely distributed and has a wide variety. Such as Banlong Lantern in Hengxi and Banqiao, Changqi Lantern in Wushang Village, Jumping Horse Lantern in Zhuxi and Xiage, Carp Jumping Dragon Gate Lantern in Xiatang Village, Dragon Lantern in Shuikou Village of Shi Tian Town, Lion Lantern in Sedan Chair and Shrimp Pushing Lantern in Wang Qian Village, etc. During the Lantern Festival, the Lantern Festival in Xianjushan Township was very lively. What is even more amazing is the "point-and-point boneless lamp" in Xianju Village Beach, which is known as the "pearl of the lamp sea".

"Xianju acupoint boneless lamp" originated in the Tang Dynasty, also known as "Tang lamp" or "magic lamp". Legend has it that during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, a scholar in Qiantan Village lost his way in the mountains at night and was guided by a fairy with a "magic lamp". This kind of lamp is unique in shape, beautifully made, small and exquisite, simple and elegant. The lamp body has no skeleton, and it is all made of paper needles into various patterns. After the scholar came home, he painted the gourd according to the pattern and made it carefully. When it's done, it's hung in front of the house. Everyone likes it. After the "magic lamp" settled in the scholar's house, the fairy became a village girl and married the scholar, reading poems with the scholar every night. In the year of the big exam, the scholar was happy to be the champion. Later, people called this boneless lantern "the number one lantern". Later, the champion dedicated the lamp to the palace, and from then on there was a "boneless little palace lantern" in the palace. Gu Shan, the wife of the champion, gradually passed on the manufacturing technology of this "magic lamp" to the villagers in Qiantan Village. Since then, the manufacturing technology of this magic lamp has been circulated among Xianju people for a long time.

Xianju Lantern has successively won the first prize of county and city Lantern Festival, the silver prize of the first outstanding art exhibition in Zhejiang Province, the gold medal of Zhejiang Featured Lantern Festival, 1996 China Folk Art Exhibition and 1996 the fourth Macau International Art Fair. Zhejiang TV, Shanghai TV, CCTV and many other media reported the Lantern in Xianju in detail. Xianju Lantern has also won the admiration of Chinese and foreign tourists, and is known as "the treasure of China" and "the pearl of the sea of lights". Xianju County was named "the hometown of Chinese folk art" by the Ministry of Culture. In February 2006, the acupuncture boneless lantern selected by Xianju was selected as one of the five stamp patterns of folk lanterns by the State Post Bureau.

Tiantai ci tune

Tiantai Ci Tune is an ancient drama in Tiantai, which was widely spread throughout the county as early as Jiaqing and Daoguang periods in Qing Dynasty. There are 36 theatrical troupes in the suburbs alone, and Shiling, Zuoxi, Lingxi, Tantou and Torreya grandis are the most popular in rural areas. Tiantai Tune is rich in 30 tunes. There is a fast-paced "357", which sings like running water and is suitable for narrative; People with a slow pace like "slow admirals" and "Fan Er" are euphemistic and graceful, and are good at expressing their feelings. Exploring its origin, we can see that it widely absorbs Yiyang cavity in Jiangxi, Gaoyang cavity in Dongyang, Wu cavity and Yong cavity in the west and south of Zhejiang, and has the style of Southern cavity.

The role of ci tune is the same as that of ancient Kunqu opera, in which the actors are responsible for birth, poetry, purity, ending and ugliness. Xiao Sheng and Xiao Dan read and sang in falsetto, and their skills are comparable to those of Beijing Opera. Musical instruments are also equipped with orchestral music, silk and bamboo to meet the needs of performing court dramas. Tiantai Ci Tune's housekeeping plays include Long Hudou, Jiao Jiao's Chopping One-horned Dragon, Chopping Son and so on. There are also some plays such as picking up bracelets and jade. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he performed "Raise the Red Lantern".

There used to be ten stages in Tiantai County, namely Dongmen Stage, Miaoshan Shengguan Stage, Garden Stage, Qian Dian Stage, Dongyue Palace Stage, Yingtai Temple Stage, Mitsui Temple Stage, Jinting Stage and Flower in the Mirror Stage. Tiantai tune programs have been staged one after another, which are very popular with the audience. Unfortunately, at present, this kind of drama can only be staged in villages such as torreya grandis and gazebo. Some mountain villages are mixed with Yue Opera, but some words are used to flavor them.

New Year's Eve five-flavor porridge

Eating breakfast during the Spring Festival varies from place to place. Eat all kinds of porridge in Tiantai urban and rural areas.

The so-called "five-flavor porridge" is porridge made of five kinds of food: white rice, red dates, tofu, sweet potatoes and taro. It comes from Buddhist monks who prayed for "Five Blessingg" in the New Year and cooked this mixed soup. Tiantai is known as the "Buddhist country", and scholars believe in Buddhism, so this custom spread, in order to pray for good weather, peace and prosperity, and the people can live and work in peace all year round. However, about the origin of five-flavor porridge, Tiantai also told such a story:

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang led the peasant uprising army led by Sean to capture Tiantai City from Linhai and set up camp in Donghengling. Tiantai people hated the cruel and barbaric rule of the Yuan people, and responded one after another, taking the initiative to help the insurgents find out the military situation and raise food and transport grass. In the twenty-seventh year at the end of Yuan Dynasty (1367), the rebels surrounded the county town and agreed with the gentry in the city to meet the Yuan army from the inside on New Year's Eve. It was a snowy night, and the snow outside the city was as thick as a foot. The garrison commander Heihelie estimated that the rebels would not attack the city, so he went to the yamen to drink and have fun. In the middle of the night, there were three firecrackers and killing sounds. The rebels got rid of the garrison, opened the gate, killed the garrison commander after fierce fighting and recovered the county seat.

The next day is the Spring Festival. People in the city go door to door to collect rice, sweet potatoes and taro. Shops and workshops sent red dates and tofu to cook delicious hot rice porridge to comfort the rebel soldiers. The soldiers and civilians ate a pot of porridge together, and all the flavors were delicious, and everyone's faces were full of smiles. Everyone said happily, "If you eat five-flavor porridge, you will attract' Five Blessingg'."

Since then, every morning during the Spring Festival, people on the rooftop, rich or poor, have to eat a delicious "five-flavor porridge".

On the fourteenth day of the first month, it is "boiling hot"

Setting the night of the 14th day of the first month as the Lantern Festival is not unique to Tiantai, nor is it unique to other places in Taizhou. But every household, old and young, eats the custom of "burning spicy and cooking" Yuanxiao, which is a major feature of Tiantai.

Speaking of eating "boiled", here is another story. According to legend, in Jingdezhen in the Southern Song Dynasty, on the 14th night of the first month of one year, lanterns were in full bloom, and literati went shopping and watched them with great interest. At this time, an old artist who fled from behind the nomads from the south of the Yangtze River came to Tiantai City with his granddaughter to make a living by singing. I fainted in the street because of long-term running and overwork. A nearby uncle Chen saw it and immediately scooped up two bowls of "paste spicy boiling" and sent it over. After they ate it, they were refreshed and their eyes shone. They repeatedly said, "Bright eyes! Bright eye cream! " Since then, Tiantai has had the custom of eating "spicy boiled" on the fourteenth day of the first month.

What kind of food is "burnt and spicy"?

This is a salty soup made of rice flour or stone powder. All the dishes are cut into small cubes. The main ingredients are lean meat, winter bamboo shoots, water chestnuts, dried coriander, oil bubble, peanuts, Sichuan beans, spinach, pig ears, black fungus, roasted glutinous rice, a little Chili powder and steamed. Now, "paste spicy boiled" is also made sweet. Housewives mix longan meat, red dates, apple slices and lotus seeds into "mountain powder" or "sweet potato powder", which tastes different.

Wenling Ruoshan drums.

According to the Comprehensive Collection of Chinese Folk Dances, drums on Lushan Mountain in Wenling are the only traditional dance in China, which has been played on CCTV for many times.

Drum music performance consists of 10 male fishermen, but the number is not limited, which can be seven or eight people or more than ten or twenty people. Dressed as a woman, her face is painted with white circles and red, and she is wearing an orange cotton-padded jacket and dark blue pants. The corner of her skirt is embroidered with orange fish-shaped lace. She wears an olive-shaped black croissant hat, big gold earrings on her ears, and bracelets and anklets. They all walked around barefoot. Two people are carrying drums, one is conducting drums, one is knocking wooden fish, two are knocking small gongs, one is knocking big cymbals, one is knocking small cymbals, and two are knocking titanium gongs (also small). They dance freely, dance freely, spread their legs, sway their bodies, and their two big hands are vigorously waving drumsticks and jumping left and right. Both bold and implicit, it is the cry of the soul and the whisper of life; It not only embodies the multiple characters of the sea, but also shows the fishermen's inner emotional impulse and confidence in conquering the essential power of the sea.

Today's Dazou drum is no longer a patent of Ruoshan, but has become Shitang Dazou drum and Wenling Dazou drum. In Ruoshan, young fishermen in their twenties and thirties are activists in this activity, and many primary school students in their twenties and thirties learn to play drums with old fishermen in their seventies and eighties. Recently, a women's drum team came into being in Ruoshan, a hot land with rich marine culture. Drumming, a healthy mass cultural activity, not only enlivens the cultural life of coastal fishing villages, but also advances into the urban stage.

Kangtaige

Taitai Pavilion is an important part of Lantern Festival in Wenling fishing area. It is different from the activities such as "catching the god of wealth", "catching students" and "worshipping the girl in the Maokeng" in the Lantern Festival. These activities are only held on the fifteenth day of the first month, but the activities of lifting the pavilion can be postponed until the twentieth day of the first month or even the beginning of February.

Tiger is to put a square table and a long table together, the legs of the table are turned upside down, and a colorful frame is formed with all kinds of colored paper, colored cloth and colored flowers, which is matched with discerning steam lamps and corresponding drama scenes, and becomes a beautiful small stage. There are several handsome children aged five or six or seven or eight, dressed as Loutai Club, Farewell My Concubine and Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon. The parade has not yet entered the village, and the gongs and drums are loud and noisy, which has already attracted all the men, women and children in the village, and the streets are crowded with people. The hospitable people in the fishing area will also invite relatives of some distant villages to their homes in the name of watching Taige.

sanmen

Like other places in Taizhou, the Lantern Festival in Sanmen falls on the 14th day of the first month, not the 15th day of the first month.

When three people celebrate the Lantern Festival, they usually eat "wheat coke" at noon and drink rotten soup at night. Sanmen rotten soup is famous. Its practice is to chop all vegetables, radishes, bamboo shoots, vermicelli, dried bean curd, bacon, oysters and so on. Then add the early rice noodles and burn them together to make a paste. It tastes varied, so it is very delicious.

On the Lantern Festival, almost every household in Sanmen cooks rotten soup to see who tastes better. The most interesting thing is that it is free for three people to eat rotten soup on the night of Lantern Festival. Anyone can go to another house to eat a bowl of delicious rotten soup, and the owner is proud of eating rotten soup in his own house. This custom has a long history. In ancient times, it meant "there is food in the world". According to modern parlance, Lantern Festival is an important embodiment of a harmonious society.

On the Lantern Festival night, the bride who got married last year still has to cook a few pots of sweet and bad soup, which is called "bride's bad soup" by the people to show that life is sweet and beautiful. "Niang Bad Soup" must be made by a new wife, and then set off firecrackers to invite the whole village to eat. If it tastes good and everyone is happy, then the new wife will basically establish her position in this village. If you can't do it well, everyone will talk behind your back.

Lantern Festival night is nothing but eating and playing. There are many folk lantern festivals in Sanmen, and the most representative one is Yangjiabanlong in Tingpang Town. This is the longest Ban Long in the world and has set a Guinness World Record.

1982, the Yang family once jumped Ban Long, with a total length of 250 meters. The 400-500-person Yinglong team walked for 20 kilometers and performed in Haiyou Town, Sanmen County. People from all the villages along the way welcomed them and caused a sensation in the whole city. Later, Yang's Ban Long grew year by year. At present, the whole dragon is about 450 meters long and was awarded the title of "the best in Guinness World" by the Guinness Headquarters in Shanghai.

On the Lantern Festival, three guns were fired, and the dragon-welcoming team set off. The flames were soaring and the drums were deafening. Ban Long attracts five beasts, drum pavilions, pavilions, orchestras and lions first, with white elephants leading the way, followed by Qilong, which is magnificent and magnificent.

Yang Jia Ban Long once surprised the audience in Taizhou folk art collection 65438-0999 and won the only special prize.

After the Lantern Festival, the year of three people is basically over. The next step is to go our separate ways, and everyone will go their separate ways.