2 English reference Illicium verum [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
China fennel [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
Illicium verum fil。 Landau Chinese-English Dictionary
Illicium verum [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
Landau Chinese-English dictionary
Fennel, Chinese [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Octagonal star [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Anistrati, Fruit [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
China Illicium verum [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Illicium verum [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Illicium verum [Chinese Medicine Terminology Committee]. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
China Illicium verum [Chinese Medicine Terminology Review Committee. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
3 Overview Illicium verum is the name of traditional Chinese medicine [1]. The essence of materia medica is published. Also known as anise, star anise, spiced star anise and fennel [1]. It is the dried and ripe fruit of Illicium verum. Magnoliaceae plants [2]. People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (version 20 10) records the pharmacopoeia standard of this drug.
4 Latin name Illicium verum (Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004))
5 English name China Illicium verum (Chinese medicine terminology (2004))
6 Source and place of origin: the fruit of Illicium verum in Magnoliaceae. Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian and Guizhou [1].
Morphological characteristics of evergreen trees and spicy crops. Fruit is a condiment and can also be used medicinally. It has the effects of warming middle warmer, dispelling cold, warming bones and muscles, regulating qi and relieving pain. Volatile fennel oil can be obtained by distilling branches, leaves and fruits, and it is an important aromatic oil. The oil content of fresh fruit skin is 56%, the oil content of fresh seeds is 1.72.7%, the oil content of fresh leaves is 0.750.9%, and 80.90% of the ingredients are anethole, which is mainly produced in Longzhou mountain area of Guangxi, China, and also cultivated in Guangdong, Taiwan Province, Yunnan, Guizhou and Fujian. It is also distributed in Vietnam. 1982 Guangxi has a planting area of 36,000 hectares and an annual output of 40,006,400 tons of star anise. The annual export volume is 15002000t and fennel oil is about 200t. The annual sales volume of dried star anise in the world is 3000-4000 tons, and fennel oil is about 500 tons. China and Guangxi "Tianbao" fennel oil is very famous in western Europe and enjoys a high reputation internationally.
Plant height 10 15m, and the bark is grayish brown. Simple leaves alternate, semi-leathery, entire, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate. Flowers are bisexual, solitary in leaf axils, pink to deep red, blossom and bear fruit twice a year, bloom in March, and mature in 965438+ 10; It blooms in August and matures in March of the following year. Follicles, stars and octagons.
Suitable for being born in a humid and warm environment in the south subtropical mountainous area. The annual average temperature is not lower than 0℃, the annual rainfall is 1300 1400mm, and the relative humidity is above 80%. The suitable soil is deep and fertile, and the pH value is 56. Young trees like shade, and mature trees like sunshine. Shallow roots, brittle branches and no wind resistance. Reproduce mainly with seeds. There are 80.009 million seeds per kilogram, and the sowing amount per hectare is 2545 kilograms. When the height of the seedlings reaches 5070 cm, they can be planted out of the nursery. The foggy and calm low-altitude valley is the most suitable woodland. Row spacing of fruit forest is 5×5m, leaf forest 1× 1m, base fertilizer is applied to holes, and it is planted in rainy season. Early intercropping cassava and other tall crops can provide shade. 34 years after weeding, loosening soil, fertilizing and planting in time, the leaf plants were cut off at the position of 6070cm from the ground to promote the germination of lateral branches. It can also be planted directly or regenerated naturally.
The main pests are inchworm, golden flower worm and weevil, and 70% trichlorfon can be sprayed 300 times. The disease has anthrax, which can be prevented by spraying Bordeaux mixture. Fruiting began in 7 10 years after planting, and it entered the rich period in 15 years. In the case of good water and fertilizer conditions, the wet season lasted for about 70 years. Sun-dried or sun-dried in time after harvesting, and the ratio of fresh to dry is about 3: 1. After four years of planting, leaves were harvested, and the yield of fresh leaves per hectare was 1200kg, and the yield of fresh leaves per plant was 2.53.5kg in 620 years.
8 Sexual taste is pungent, sweet and warm. Entering spleen and kidney meridian [1].
9 Function of warming middle warmer, regulating qi and relieving pain [1].
10 is mainly used to treat stomach cold vomiting, anorexia, abdominal distension and pain, cold hernia, testicular deviation, lumbago due to kidney deficiency, and wet and dry beriberi [1].
1 1 Illicium verum usage and dosage: 3 ~ 6g [1].
12 chemical constituents This product contains volatile oil, mainly including anethole, anisaldehyde and p-propenylphenyl isopentenyl ether. It also contains flavonoids and organic acids. Volatile oil and anethole have * * effects, which can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, relieve abdominal pain, and promote the secretion of phlegm in respiratory tract. The alcohol extract can inhibit staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus, diphtheria bacillus, Escherichia coli, typhoid and paratyphoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus, etc. In the test tube, it also has a certain inhibitory effect on fungi. Anethole can also increase white blood cells [1].
13 Illicium verum Pharmacopoeia standard 13. 1 is called Illicium verum.
Illicium verum
chinese anise
13.2 source this product is the dried and mature fruit of Illicium verum, a Magnoliaceae plant. In autumn and winter, fruits are collected from Huangshi, and dried after boiling water is slightly scalded or directly dried.
13.3 characteristics This product is aggregate fruit, which consists of 8 follicles arranged radially along the central axis. Fruit length 12cm, width 0.3 ~ 0.5 cm and height 0.6 ~1cm; The outer surface is reddish brown with irregular wrinkles, the top is beak-shaped, and there are many cracks on the upper side; The inner surface is light brown, smooth and shiny; Hard and brittle. The fruit stalk is 3 ~ 4 cm long, connected with the center of the fruit base, curved and often falls off. Each capsule contains seeds 1 capsule, oblate, about 6mm long, reddish brown or yellowish brown, shiny, with umbilicus at the top; The endosperm is white and oily. The smell is fragrant, pungent and sweet.
13.4 Identification (1) This product is reddish brown powder. The reticular cells of endocarp are long cylindrical, 200 ~ 546 microns long, with slightly thicker walls and cruciform or herringbone holes. The testa stone cells are yellow, polygonal in surface, extremely thick in wall, wavy and curved, branched in cell cavity, and contain brownish-black substances; Rectangular section with uneven wall thickness. Pericarp stone cells are rectangular, oblong or branched, with thick walls. The fibers are long, single or scattered in bundles, with a diameter of 29 ~ 60μ m, and the walls are lignified and porous. Mesocarp cells are reddish brown with scattered oil cells. Endosperm cells are polygonal and contain fat oil droplets and aleurone particles.
(2) Take 65438+0g of powder of this product, add 65438±05ml of mixed solution of petroleum ether (6090℃) and ether (1: 1), plug it tightly, shake it evenly for 65438±05min, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 2ml of anhydrous ethanol to dissolve the residue as the test solution. Absorb 2μl of test solution, spot it on a silica gel G thin-layer plate, evaporate, and add about 2μl of phloroglucinol hydrochloric acid test solution, which is pink to purple ring.
(3) Accurately absorb 65438 00μ l of the test solution under [Identification ](2), put it in a 65438 00μ l volumetric flask, add anhydrous ethanol to the scale, shake it evenly, and measure it according to the UV-Vis spectrophotometry (Appendix V A), with the maximum absorption at the wavelength of 259nm.
(4) Take 65438+/-0g of Illicium verum as the reference medicinal material, and prepare the reference medicinal material solution according to the preparation method of the test solution under [Identification ](2). In addition, anisaldehyde reference substance was added with absolute ethanol to prepare a solution containing 1 0 microliter per1ml as reference substance solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix VI B), respectively absorb 5 ~ 10μ l of the test solution under [identification ](2) and the above two reference solutions, spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, and use petroleum ether (3060℃) acetone ethyl acetate (19:1:65438). In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal materials; At the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference substance, the same orange to orange-red spots are displayed.
Determination of the content of 13.5 13.5. 1 was determined according to the volatile oil determination method (Appendix X D).
This product contains no less than 4.0%(ml/g) of volatile oil.
13.5.2 trans-anethole was determined by gas chromatography (appendix ⅵ e).
13.5.3 chromatographic conditions and system applicability test: polyethylene glycol 20000 (PEG-20m) capillary column (column length 30m, inner diameter 0.32mm, membrane thickness 0.25μ m); Programmed heating: the initial temperature is 1000C, the temperature is raised to 200℃ at the rate of 50C per minute, and the temperature is kept for 8 minutes; The inlet temperature is 200℃, and the detector temperature is 200℃ .. According to the trans-anethole peak, the theoretical plate number should be not less than 30,000.
13.5.4 preparation of reference substance solution take a proper amount of trans-anethole reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add ethanol to make a solution containing 0.4mg per 1ml.
13.5.5 preparation of test solution take about 0.5g of this product powder (pass through No.3 sieve), weigh it accurately, add 25ml of ethanol, weigh it, perform ultrasonic treatment (power 600W, frequency 40khz) for 30min, let it cool, weigh it again, make up the weight loss with ethanol, shake it evenly, filter it, and take the filtrate.
13.5.6 determination method Accurately absorb 2μl of control solution and 2 μ l of test solution respectively, inject them into gas chromatograph, and determine to obtain the product.
This product contains trans-anethole (C 10H 12O) at least 4.0%.
13.6 Sexual taste and pungent and warm meridian tropism. Enter the liver, kidney, spleen and stomach meridians.
13.7 has the functions of warming yang and dispelling cold, regulating qi and relieving pain. It can be used for treating abdominal pain due to cold hernia, lumbago due to kidney deficiency, vomiting due to stomach cold, and epigastric pain.
13.8 Usage and dosage 3 ~ 6g.
13.9 Store in a cool and dry place.
13. 10 Source