Mushrooms are also called edible mushrooms, with the improvement of living standards, people's understanding of edible mushrooms is further improved, and edible mushrooms are listed as important contemporary food. And some scientists predict that edible mushrooms will become an important source of food for human beings in the next century. In the future, the medicinal value of edible fungi has been further developed, and the value of the wonderland record is also rising.

Cost of mushroom cultivation

The cost of mushroom farmers' self-financed and self-provided production of sticks is 1.5 to 2.5 yuan per stick. In the form of production, most of the processes that require more labor to be invested at one time and completed within a time limit are produced by a joint group of 3~5 households without pay or by organizing relatives and friends to complete the process unannounced. From the preparation of raw materials, mixing and sterilizing, inoculating and raising mushrooms and building mushroom sheds, all are done by mushroom farmers themselves.

The piece-rate paid finished sticks of the factory production model (excluding capital interest rate, asset depreciation, operating expenses, property insurance costs, unpredictable expenses and operating profits) of mushroom growers cost a total of about 5.25 yuan. ***Consisting of 4 parts:

①Materials cost $1.55 (including $0.30 for pickup and delivery).

②Mushroom trellis depreciation 0.2 yuan per bag (including trellis 0.1 yuan, plastic film, shade net 0.05 yuan each).

③Bag production costs 1.15 yuan (including mixing, bagging, checking holes, loading chopping, burning, fuel, water and electricity, site, sterilizer rental, closed cooling, cost of depreciation, full-time management and other costs).

④The cost of mushroom stick culture is 2.25 yuan per bag (including inoculation, three times puncture holes, bleed and pick the film, turn the color and drain the liquid, finished product discount, full-time management, etc.).

Mushroom cultivation profit

After long-term research on large-scale production conditions, about 50% of mushroom farmers have an output value of 4,000 to 5,000 yuan for 1,000 bags, and a profit of 2,000 to 3,000 yuan per 1,000 bags of output. There are 30% of mushroom farmers who produce less than 3500 yuan per thousand bags. About 15% of the mushroom farmers have an output value of more than 5,000 to 6,000 yuan per 1,000 bags. The proportion of mushroom farmers who produce flower mushrooms is more than 60% for those who produce more than 4,000 yuan. Mushroom farmers with production value over RMB 5,000 have production sites with conditions for purchasing and exporting fresh mushrooms. The quality fresh mushrooms purchased by them in freshness range from 8 to 15 yuan per kilogram.

The labor of mushroom growers with more than 5,000 bags of mushrooms is done by pieceworkers in the stages of mushroom promotion, bag cutting and bud selection, harvesting and drying. The comprehensive labor cost per bag is about 1 yuan. The net profit is 1,000~2,000 yuan per 1,000 bags.

Mushroom market prospects

Mushroom flavor, and has a high value of use, in recent years there are a lot of fungi as raw materials for new food, but also proved that the deep processing of mushrooms in the gradual strengthening of the ability.

There are many kinds of mushrooms, and growers can have a lot of space when choosing varieties, and the cost of investment is not very high. Growing mushrooms in the future is a more promising industry.

Solution measures for low yield of mushroom cultivation

1, improper selection of mushroom breeding sites. If you choose to plant in dark, poorly ventilated or unhygienic places, so that the contamination of stray mushrooms is serious, mushrooms can not grow normally and fail; some of them, although barely germinating mushrooms, are poisoned and victimized due to poor air circulation and high carbon dioxide content during the period of mushrooming, and can not produce mushrooms or form deformed mushrooms. Therefore, the first thing to do is to choose a place with good ventilation and diffused light for growing mushrooms, and to maintain cleanliness and hygiene, and to take good disinfection measures.

First time mushroom planting place should take the measure of disinfecting by brushing the wall with lime water and spreading quicklime on the ground, and the quicklime spread on the ground should be swept out on the next day; old mushroom farms can be fumigated and disinfected with potassium permanganate plus formalin; mushroom farms with insect pests should first be sprayed with insecticides to eliminate the pests, and then be disinfected.

2, improper selection or preparation of culture materials. Growing mushrooms with raw materials that have been contaminated and caked is easy to cause large-scale contamination or no mushroom development. When mixing culture materials, add excessive nitrogen fertilizers such as urea into the materials, and the nitrogen fertilizers are easy to decompose and release ammonia after inoculation, so that the mycelium will be poisoned and can't send out mushrooms normally.

So, must be a good selection of materials and ingredients off. To clean raw materials, and good disinfection treatment, in the dosage can not add chemical fertilizers, only in the heap fermentation planting mushrooms, can be appropriate to add urea to supplement the nitrogen source. At the same time, in the process of dosing, we should pay special attention to the humidity of the culture material, and the moisture content should not be too high or too low, otherwise it will be unfavorable to the development of mushrooms.3. Improper selection of strains. Such as choosing high-temperature varieties in winter, choosing low-temperature varieties in spring, or sowing aged or contaminated strains, etc., all of them are easy to cause slow or no mushroom development, late or no mushroom production. Therefore, when growing mushrooms, you should choose suitable strains according to the local climatic conditions at that time and do not use aged or contaminated strains.

4. Poor management. Mushrooms are managed under natural temperature conditions, and the management of mushrooming period is light, moisture and aeration. During the mushrooming period, the needs can be satisfied by diffused light. In case of insufficient light for mushroom growing in mushroom room and slow mushrooming, electric light can be used to supplement the light to induce mushrooming. Air humidity is an important condition during the mushrooming period. Blindly increasing the amount of water spraying or even spraying water directly to the mushroom body in order to increase the humidity will make some small mushrooms smothered to death, and some mushrooms that have already grown up will be ulcerated and blackened due to water damage. Therefore, during the period of mushroom production, we should pay attention to the method of water replenishment, and it is better to spray water into the air, meanwhile, we should also pay attention to the ventilation, so as to avoid the accumulation of excessive carbon dioxide, which will lead to the failure of the formation of the substrate, or the formation of deformed mushrooms.

In addition, irrational harvesting also affects the improvement of yield, some mushroom farmers pick big and leave small, want to let the small mushroom continue to grow, the result is not only can not grow, but also prolong the mushroom period, affecting the next crop of mushrooms.

China's mushroom cultivation also has a period of time, in the process, there are many people continue to join, there are some people, scribble launched, so to speak, planting mushrooms on the one hand to provide people with the possibility of getting rich, but also with other industries are full of risk. So it is not easy to start a business, investment needs to be careful.