Uncaria rhynchophylla

Alias: Uncaria, Tung Wah Tree, Erythrina Tree, Uncaria, Acacia upside down.

This product comes from Uncaria rhynchophylla. ) Jacques. Uncaria macrophylla Uncaria pubescens Uncaria China. ) Havile. Or Uncaria sessilifolia. Rubiaceae. Harvesting in autumn and winter, defoliating, cutting and drying.

Characteristics The stems and branches of this product are cylindrical or square, 2 ~ 3 cm long and 0.2 ~ 0.5 cm in diameter. The reddish-brown to purplish-red surface has fine longitudinal stripes, smooth and hairless, and the yellow-green to grayish-brown surface sometimes has white punctate lenticels and yellow-brown fur. Most branches have two downward curved hooks (sterile stalks), or only one side has hooks and the other side has raised marks; The hook is slightly flat or round, with a sharp tip and a wide base; On the branches at the base of the hook, there are teeth marks and annular stipules after the petiole falls off. Tough texture, yellow-brown cross section, fibrous pericarp, yellow-white or hollow pith. Odorless and tasteless.

Identification: take this product powder 1g, add concentrated ammonia solution to make it moist, add 30ml chloroform, shake and extract for 30min, filter, evaporate the filtrate, dissolve the residue with 5ml hydrochloric acid solution (1 → 100), filter, divide the filtrate into three test tubes, and add/kloc-0 to one tube. Add 1 ~ 2 drops of potassium mercuric iodide test solution into a tube, and white precipitate appears; Add 1 ~ 2 drops of silicotungstic acid test solution into another tube to generate white precipitate.

Sweet and cool in nature. Liver pericardium meridian

Function: clearing away heat and calming liver, calming wind and relieving convulsion. Used for headache, dizziness, common cold, convulsion, convulsion and pregnancy eclampsia; High blood pressure.

Usage and dosage: 3 ~ 12g, and the decoction should be added later.

Store in a dry place.

Excerpt from China Pharmacopoeia

[Edit this paragraph] Uncaria "Primitive Man of Materia Medica"

Different-name Diaoteng (Notes on Materia Medica), Diaoteng (Tao Hongjing), Uncaria rhynchophylla (Direct Action of Pediatric Medicine Syndrome), Uncaria rhynchophylla (Southern Yunnan Materia Medica), Yingzhaofeng (Herbal Prescription), Tender Hook (New Ginseng in Pieces) and Hook (Guizhou Folk Prescription).

The source is Uncaria rhynchophylla of Rubiaceae or Uncaria rhynchophylla of China and the hook branches of many plants of the same genus.

plant morphology

① Uncaria woody vine, evergreen, 1 ~ 3m high. Branchlets are square, smooth, and the abnormal branches are hooked, which are paired or solitary in leaf axils. Hook length 1 ~ 2 cm, bent downward. Leaves opposite; Paper, ovate-lanceolate or oval, 6 ~ 1 1 cm long and 3 ~ 6.5 cm wide, tapering at the top, tapering or rounded at the base, entire, hairless at the top, with short hairs at the lower vein axils; The petiole is 0.8 ~ 1.2 cm long; Stipules 2-parted, lobes linear and conical, 0.6 ~1.5 cm long. The head is about 2 cm in diameter; The total length of pedicel is 3 ~ 5 cm; The calyx is about 2 mm long, the lower part is tubular, the apex is 5-lobed, and the lobes are less than 65438 0 mm long: the corolla is yellow, tubular, about 7 mm long, the apex is 5-lobed, the lobes are nearly round, the outside is powdery, and the throat is pubescent; 5 stamens, born in the throat of corolla tube, with ear-shaped anther base, sharp apex and short filaments: lower ovary, spindle-shaped, linear style, and head-shaped stigma. Capsule obovate-elliptic, 5 ~ 6 mm long, sparsely pilose. There are a few seeds, very small, with wings at both ends. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruiting period is 10 ~ 1 1 month. It grows in sparse forests of valleys and streams. Distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places. The root of this plant (Uncaria rhynchophylla) is also used as medicine, which is detailed in another article.

② Uncaria China

Woody vines, up to 3 meters high. Branchlets are square, all smooth and hairless; The hook is near the axil of the leaf, about 1.5 cm long. Leaves opposite; The leaf blade is ovoid or ovoid-elliptic, with a length of 10 ~ 17 cm and a width of 5.5 ~ 9.5 cm. The top is conical, the base is round and the whole edge is hairless. Petiole length is about 1 cm; Stipules membranous, round, entire, everted, up to 1.5 cm. The head is about 4 cm in diameter; Peduncle 5 ~ 8 cm long, glabrous; Calyx tubular, apex 5-lobed, lobes oblong or ovoid, about 65438 0.5 mm long, densely covered with gray hairs; Corolla tubular, long 1.2 ~ 1.5 cm, 5-lobed at the top, with suborbicular lobes; Stamens 5, born in the throat of corolla tube, filaments shorter than anthers; The ovary is inferior, the style is linear, protruding outside the corolla tube, and the stigma is head-shaped. Capsule rod-shaped, 0.8 ~ 1.2 cm long, densely villous. The seeds are small and have wings at both ends. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruiting period is 10 ~ 1 1 month.

Born in a deep mountain valley. Distributed in Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.

In spring and autumn, pick the shoots with hooks, cut off the stems without hooks and dry them in the sun, or steam them in a pot and dry them in the sun.

Medicinal materials ① Uncaria rhynchophylla

Dry hook stems are slightly square cylindrical, about 2 cm long and 2 mm in diameter, with reddish-brown or tan surface, with a ring-shaped stem node at one end, which is slightly protruding. There are two pairs of opposite hooks on the node, which are like ship anchors. The top ends are curled inward, and there are also single hooks with different sizes. The base is slightly round and 2 ~ 3 mm in diameter, which are smooth and slightly visible with longitudinal texture. It is light and hard, and it doesn't break easily. The outer layer of the section is brownish red, the pith is light yellow, and it is as loose as a sponge. No breath, light taste. It is best to have double hooks, such as anchor, thin stem, solid hook, slippery hook, reddish brown or purple brown.

Location: Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang and Guangdong.

② Uncaria China

The characters are roughly the same as those of Uncaria rhynchophylla. However, the stems and branches are square columns with a diameter of about 2 ~ 3 mm, a gray-brown surface and a slightly wider hook base.

Location: Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hubei and other places.

Many kinds of hook stems and branches of Uncaria are also used as Uncaria, mainly including the following:

Uncaria verticillata with narrow wings; The hook is smooth. ② Uncaria-shaped, with smooth hooks and narrowly triangular stipules. ③ Uncaria macrophylla, see the article Uncaria macrophylla. (4) Uncaria pubescens, with coarse hairs on branches, hooks and leaves. Uncaria sessilifolia, the corolla tube is hairless, the lobes are densely covered with silk, and the branches are sparsely covered. ⑥ The climbing stems, branches and hooks of Uncaria are densely pilose, and the leaves are villous below.

Chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine 1. The stems and leaves of Uncaria rhynchophylla contain 2- oxoindole alkaloids; Isorhynchophylline is called isorhynchophylline (isorhynchophylline, methyl isorhynchophyllate) and dehydrorhynchophylline (rhynchophylline, rhynchophylline) when retired. Rhyn- methyl cholate), indole-derived alkali, hirsutine, hirsutine, corydalis saxicoline, dihydrocorydalis saxicoline and trace Akoum-Mijin. The leaves also contain indole alkaloids glycosides: 6'- feruloyl vinblastine (rhynchophine), vincoside lactam (Vincoside lactam) and isovincoside lactam (Strictosamide). Indole alkaloids: vallesiachotamine and phenolic compounds: L- epicatechin, hyperoside and clover glycoside. In addition, it also contains Sanguisorba officinalis, 3-O- galloyl procyanidin, glycolipid, hexosamine, fatty acid and calcium oxalate. Uncaria rhynchophylla also contains β -yohimbine and methyl ether.

2. The stem of Uncaria rhynchophylla in China contains 2- oxoindole alkaloids: isoterpenoic acid, ptcropodic acid, mi-traphyllic acid and indole alkaloid: tetrahydrolycorine. Isoterodine is methyl isotterodine. The pterostigmine is methyl pterostinate, rhynchophylline A(7- isocrotaline) and pilocarpine is methyl ester. Uncine, isorhynchophylline N- oxide, pterostigmine N- oxide, Uncine N- oxide, Dictyophylline N- oxide. Scopolamine contains tin.

3. Uncaria macrophylla leaves contain 2- hydroxyindole alkaloids: isorhynchophylline, Uncaria rhynchophylline, corynoxine alkaloid and corynoxine alkaloid B.

The chemical constituents of the leaves and branches of Uncaria rhynchophylla stem include rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, corynoxine alkaloid, isorhynchophylline alkaloid, concanavaline, dihydroconcanavaline, fiber caryophylline and fiber caryophylline.

Pharmacological action ① Sedative action

Uncaria decoction (0. 1g/kg) can produce obvious sedative effect, but it has no obvious hypnotic effect. The hypnotic and anesthetic effects of pentobarbital sodium will not be enhanced when the dose is increased by 25 times. Even if the dosage is increased by 50 ~ 100 times, the righting reflex will not disappear and will not cause dyskinesia, which seems to be different from the existing hypnotics and sedatives. Defensive exercise conditioned reflex in rats also proved that intraperitoneal injection of Uncaria rhynchophylla decoction 1 g/kg can reduce the excitability of cerebral cortex, which shows that it destroys some positive conditioned reflex in rats and prolongs the conditioned reflex time, but has no obvious effect on differentiation inhibition and unconditional reflex. It is also proved that the flexion reflex of the hind limbs of Suo Kutov rabbits can reduce the excitability of the central nervous system and weaken its impulse synthesis ability.

In the treatment of experimental epilepsy in guinea pigs, the epileptic reaction can be stopped after 3 ~ 8 days using ethanol extract of Uncaria rhynchophylla, and the state before treatment can be restored after 3 days of stopping drug use. Its action is slow, and the effective dose is very close to the toxic dose, so during the treatment, the animals are weak and lose weight. It does have a certain inhibitory effect on the state of increased excitability of central motion analyzer. Gelatin is an indole derivative, so it may have a specific effect on the spirit. Some people compare it with yohimbine and reserpine in general pharmacological experiments, and think that they are different (for example, in frogs and mice, reserpine causes sedation, yohimbine causes spasm, and rhynchophylline causes motor paralysis and respiratory depression).

② Hypotensive effect

Uncaria rhynchophylla decoction can lower blood pressure in anesthetized dogs (0.05g/kg), immunized dogs (2-3g/kg) and experimental rats (5g/kg/day, orally). The antihypertensive effect of Uncaria rhynchophylla decoction on reflex hypertension rabbits caused by bilateral decompression nerve and cervical sinus nerve resection is similar to that of Achyranthes bidentata total alkaloids. Decocting for too long or not enough time (preferably within 15 minutes) will affect the antihypertensive effect. Hook stems (that is, single hook, double hook and their adjacent thinner stems) have better antihypertensive effect; Old branches (hook-free, diameter 0.5 ~ 2 cm) have poor antihypertensive effect. When analyzing the hypotensive principle of Gouteng decoction, it was found that its hypotensive effect was not affected by atropine, but it was obviously weakened after vagotomy. It has no obvious inhibitory effect on toad heart in vitro. Perfusion of isolated rabbit ears has no direct dilating effect on blood vessels, so it is considered that the hypotensive effect is caused by reflection (afferent fibers pass through vagus nerve) inhibiting the motor center of blood vessels, and high dose has direct inhibitory effect on the latter. 20 mg/kg rhynchophylline hydrochloride can obviously reduce the blood pressure of anesthetized cats, or give 20 ~ 50 mg/kg rhynchophylline hydrochloride orally or intraperitoneally to rats with renal hypertension. Its effect is similar to that of total alkali or decoction. Total alkaloids of Uncaria rhynchophylla can directly dilate blood vessels in isolated rabbit ears. Uncine also has antihypertensive effect on other animals, but the duration is short, which is far less than reserpine. After hypotension, blood pressure will rise. In addition, rhynchophylline has inhibitory effect on isolated rat intestine and excitatory effect on isolated uterus.

The lethal dose of Uncaria rhynchophylla decoction 1 intraperitoneal injection to poisoned mice was 29.0±0.8g/kg；; The total alkaloid of Uncaria rhynchophylla is144.2 3.1mg/kg; Gelsemium elegans is162.3 mg/kg; The oral dose of total alkaloids was 514.6 29.1mg/kg. In subacute toxicity, oral Uncaria Uncaria decoction was given to rabbits twice a day, 5g/kg each time (more than 2.5 times the therapeutic dose) for 65,438+00 days without any toxic symptoms. Continuous administration of total alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla 50 mg/kg for 65438 04 days did not cause pathological changes in rat organs. Double the dose, although the liver has mild inflammatory changes, it will return to normal after stopping the drug; It has no effect on diet, weight, appearance and behavior.

Processing, removing old terrier and impurities, cleaning and drying.

Sweet and cold.

① Don't record: "Slightly cold."

② Theory of medicinal properties: "Sweet and flat."

③ Shu Herbal Medicine: "Bitter taste."

Liver and heart meridian.

(1) Compendium: "Hand and foot are Jue Yin."

(2) Herbal Shu Shu: "Yin deficiency in hand and Yin meridian in foot."

Function: clearing away heat and calming liver, calming wind and relieving convulsion. Treat infantile convulsion, epilepsy, carbuncle, adult hypertension, dizziness, and eclampsia in women.

(1) Bielu: "Treating children with cold and fever, convulsions and epilepsy."

(2) the theory of medicinal properties: "The master cried in shock and the boil was hot."

3 "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Treating the fetus."

④ Outline: "Adults have dizziness, calm liver wind, remove heart heat, and children have abdominal pain and rash. "

⑤ Compendium of Materia Medica: "Relaxing muscles and removing dizziness, reducing qi and relaxing middle energizer."

⑥ "Materia Medica": "Treat paralysis due to apoplexy, mouth and eyes askew, pain in hands and feet due to walking and injection, and limb spasm." He also cured those who had been paralyzed by gout for a long time and had acute pain in their tendons. "

Oral administration and dosage: decoction (not suitable for long time), 1.5 ~ 3 yuan; Or turned into powder.

It is advisable to avoid ① "New Edition of Materia Medica": "You can steal gas most, and those who are weak should not vote."

2 materia medica starts from the new: "Don't take it without fire."

Prescription ① Treatment of children's thermal shock: Uncaria rhynchophylla one or two, saltpeter half two, licorice a little (baked reddish, filed flat). The medicine was pounded and Luo Wei was scattered. Each dose, adjust half the money with warm water and take it three or four times a day. Quantity, addition and subtraction. ("Sheng Huifang" Yanling San)

② Treatment of convulsion, eye lifting, tongue chewing and drowsiness: Uncaria rhynchophylla, Sanguis Draxonis, Gypsum Fibrosum, Gardenia, Qin Zi, Sichuan rhubarb (filed, stir-fried) and Ophiopogon japonicus (baked). Apply the medicine, pound it into mud, and Luo Wei powder. One dollar each, a small glass of water, stir-fry until five points, not counting me, the size is reduced, regardless of time. ("Sheng Huifang" Uncaria powder)

③ Treatment of epilepsy and crying: Uncaria rhynchophylla, Periostracum Cicadae, Coptidis Rhizoma (washed), Glycyrrhrizae Radix, Sichuan Dahuang (micro-cannon) and Tianzhu Huang. This is the last thing to do. Half a dollar to one dollar each, eight glasses of water, a little ginger and mint each, fry for four minutes, and take it warm. (Puji Fanggou Fujiko)

(4) For those who catch fish in the intestine, cry their hands and feet, or bend over like shrimp: five points for Uncaria, Fructus Aurantii and Rhizoma Corydalis, and three points for Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Take half a glass of water and fry it in half. ("You Ke Zhi Kao" Gouteng Decoction)

⑤ Treatment of hypertension, dizziness and nervous headache: Uncaria rhynchophylla costs two to five yuan, and it is decocted with water. (Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine Commonly Used in Guangzhou Troops)

⑥ Treatment of typhoid fever, severe headache and epistaxis: Uncaria rhynchophylla, Mulberry bark (filed) and Portulaca nitrate each one or two, Gardenia, Glycyrrhiza uralensis (baked) each three points, rhubarb (filed, fried) and Scutellaria baicalensis each half. Seven flavors on the table, coarse screening. Take a cup of water and 37 pieces of bamboo leaves at a time, fry until six points, take me out, mix in the juice of Radix Rehmanniae, stir well, and take it warmly after meals. (Uncaria Decoction is from the General Record of Raw Muscle)

⑦ Treatment of general numbness: Uncaria rhynchophylla, black sesame and perilla are seven yuan each. Boil water clothes three times a day. (Guizhou herbs)

⑧ Curing half wind: Uncaria rhynchophylla and Schizonepeta tenuifolia are four yuan, and exhaust rattan is one or two. Boil water clothes three times a day. (Guizhou herbs)

Pet-name ruby treatment of facial paralysis: Uncaria rhynchophylla, fresh Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Decoct with water. (Common Folk Herbs in Zhejiang)

(10) For pregnant women with restless fetal movement, blood deficiency, wind-heat and eclampsia, Uncaria, Ginseng, Angelica sinensis, Poria, Taxilli and Platycodon grandiflorum are 1.50 yuan each. Decoct with water. ("Fetal Heart Method") Uncaria Decoction)

Clinical application has certain effect in treating hypertension.

According to the observation of more than 100 cases, most patients' blood pressure decreased in different degrees after taking the medicine, and some of them could fall to normal or close to normal range. With the decrease of blood pressure, the conscious symptoms such as dizziness, headache, palpitation, shortness of breath, insomnia, etc. are also reduced or disappeared accordingly. According to the observation of some cases, the blood pressure drops 2 ~ 7 days after taking the medicine, and the effect of lowering blood pressure after 10 is very obvious, and sometimes it can continue to drop. The blood pressure drop curve is inclined, indicating that this product has mild effect. A few cases had a rebound phenomenon during the medication, but the fluctuation range was very small, and there was no symptom deterioration. It has obvious curative effect on patients with neurological dysfunction, and can obviously relieve symptoms after taking medicine for 5 ~ 10 days. The earlier the disease stages, the better the curative effect. Most patients in the third stage have no antihypertensive effect, but some patients have no obvious change in blood pressure, but their symptoms have improved obviously. No side effects were observed during the treatment. Usage: water decoction of Uncaria rhynchophylla 10 ~ 20 minutes, 20 ~ 30 ml each time, three times a day; Or take 2 grams of Uncaria rhynchophylla every day, put it in boiling water to keep the boiling point at 15 ~ 20 minutes, and make 200 ml of decoction, which is taken in the middle and evening, and 4 ~ 6 days is a course of treatment. According to the traditional Chinese medicine experience, Uncaria rhynchophylla should not be decocted for a long time, otherwise it will affect the efficacy; Modern pharmacological experiments have also proved that the effective components of lowering blood pressure will be partially destroyed if Uncaria rhynchophylla is boiled in water for more than 20 minutes. The daily dosage of 3 ~ 5 yuan is not ideal, and 2 ~ 2.5 yuan is better.

Famous experts discuss ① "Outline": "Uncaria rhynchophylla, a medicine for treating hand, foot and Jue Yin." Foot Jue Yin governs wind, hand Jue Yin governs fire, and convulsion, epilepsy and dizziness are all diseases of liver wind and fire. Uncaria rhynchophylla happy package to the liver wood, calm wind and gas, fire out, then all diseases will be eliminated. "

(2) Materia Medica: "Uncaria rhynchophylla, expelling wind and resolving phlegm, relieving convulsion and stopping epilepsy, calming the nerves and attacking acne boils. Mr. Qian Zhongyang said: Uncaria is warm, flat and non-toxic, which is the treasure of the baby department. It is quick-acting, dispelling wind and resolving phlegm, inducing resuscitation and closing collaterals, stopping convulsion and epilepsy in granaries, vaguely relieving summer heat with Ma Gui, relieving exterior evil with Qin Ge, and getting acne boils with rats, platycodon grandiflorum, Qiang Fang and Arnebia euchroma. But the boiling time is long, and it becomes weak. His medicine can be put into action more than ten times, which is quite effective. " Only use tender hooks to remove stalks, which is ten times more powerful. "

(3) The new edition of materia medica: "Uncaria rhynchophylla, which can dispel wind very quickly, should be used by people with wind diseases." The wind and fire are mostly due to the lack of kidney water, which leads to wood dryness and fire. If Uncaria rhynchophylla is used sparingly, it is easy to disperse wind and fire. If you only use Uncaria to dispel wind and disperse fire, the wind will not stop and the fire will be more prosperous. "

④ Materia Medica Justice: "Uncaria rhynchophylla, since I don't record it, thinks that it specializes in treating children's cold and fever, also known as treating children, and does not enter the remaining prescription. The cover gas is light and clear, and the nature is sweet and cold, which is most suitable for children with immature yin and immature yang. Can treat epilepsy with convulsion, epilepsy is liver moving and wind generating, fire burning. This thing is light, clear and cool, which can reduce fire and calm wind. Really refers to the master crying in shock, coughing with fever, and worrying about the baby wind; Near the lake is to cure adult dizziness, calm liver wind and remove heart heat, all of which are consistent. But the lake, also known as Mylabris, is based on Qian Zhongyang's Lithospermum powder, which is divided into powder with Uncaria, Radix Arnebiae and so on. , and mixed with warm wine. According to Zhongyang's so-called macula, it is acne and furuncle, not the so-called macula in modern diseases. Uncaria rhynchophylla can light through hair and clear heat, Lithospermum can cool blood and promote blood circulation, help it flow, and wine can help it clear fire. This is a safe, modest and humble way. "

[Edit this paragraph] Uncaria rhynchophylla and medical allusions

According to A Dream of Red Mansions, Xia Jingui, the wife of Xue Pan, did not listen to Xue Baochai's kind words, so she drowned her sorrows in wine and made a scene. Aunt Xue was so angry that she was angry that her left rib was very painful. Baochai "couldn't wait for the doctor to see her, so she sent someone to buy some money for Uncaria and fry a bowl for her mother" and "stopped for a while. Aunt Xue "unconsciously fell asleep, and the liver qi gradually calmed down. "Modern doctors also use Uncaria to treat hepatitis patients with upset, bad temper and left hypochondriac pain, and have achieved good results.

Uncaria rhynchophylla, also known as warbler's claw wind, has hooks in the axils of leaves, hence the name Uncaria rhynchophylla, and its stems and branches have hooks for medicine. The original written records of Uncaria rhynchophylla used as medicine can be found in Tao Hongjing's "Records of Famous Doctors in Southern and Northern Dynasties". However, ancient physicians thought that the qi was light and clear, so it was mostly regarded as a special medicine for children. As Tao Hongjing pointed out, "Treating children does not involve many prescriptions." Later generations of Chinese medicine have continuously broadened its application scope, and now it has become a commonly used drug in internal medicine, pediatrics and gynecology.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that Uncaria rhynchophylla is sweet, slightly cold, enters the liver and pericardium meridian, and has the functions of clearing away heat, calming the liver and stopping spasm.

Uncaria rhynchophylla has been widely used in clinic in recent years, and its liver calming effect is often used to treat hypertension. Pharmacological experiments show that Uncaria rhynchophylla not only has obvious antihypertensive effect, but also has obvious sedative effect, but it does not produce the side effect of drowsiness. Hypertension patients took Uncaria Decoction for 2 ~ 7 days, and their blood pressure began to drop, and gradually reached the best effect after 10. With the decrease of blood pressure, headache, dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath, insomnia and other symptoms gradually eased or even disappeared. Early hypertension is more effective. But Uncaria should not be fried for a long time, and it is better to fry it later. After Uncaria rhynchophylla was boiled in water for 20 minutes, its antihypertensive components were destroyed. The general daily dosage is 10 ~ 15g. If the curative effect is not significant, it can be increased to100 ~150g per day, and satisfactory curative effect can be obtained.