Anemia is defined as the amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the circulating blood is lower than the minimum of the normal value (normal people have more than 4 million red blood cells per cubic millimeter, hemoglobin per 100 milliliters of about 12 grams). Red blood cells in human blood are made by bone marrow and enter the blood stream after development and maturity, the average life span is 120 days, therefore, every day there are some red blood cells die of aging and at the same time there are some red blood cells newborn out. If the hematopoietic function is poor or the blood-breaking effect increases, both will cause anemia.
The causes of anemia are many and complex, and in adolescents there are usually the following:
I. Lack of hematopoietic substances.
1, vegetarian partiality, favorite snacks or diet monotonous, food nutrient intake is insufficient, such as the lack of iron, vitamin B12, folic acid and so on.
2, often suffer from gastrointestinal dysfunction, long-term consumption of more absorption, resulting in nutritional imbalance.
3, some diseases, commonly found in surgical diseases such as: stomach and intestines after surgical resection, resulting in malabsorption.
2, bone marrow hematopoietic dysfunction. Most commonly seen in various infectious diseases, the bone marrow is temporarily inhibited, with the improvement of the original disease, anemia can be gradually recovered.
Three, excessive destruction of red blood cells. Due to the easy destruction of red blood cells, the survival period is shortened, although the hematopoietic function is strong, but can not compensate for the destruction of red blood cells and anemia occurs. It is divided into two major categories:
1, red blood cell intrinsic factors. Related to heredity, most often seen in congenital erythrocytes in a certain enzyme defects, such as serotonin yellow.
2, red blood cell external factors. Mostly caused by infection, poisoning, immune dysfunction. Such as chemical poisoning, tuberculosis, ionizing radiation and so on.
Four, caused by excessive bleeding. Can be divided into acute bleeding and chronic bleeding. Acute bleeding is caused by leukemia or surgical trauma in blood diseases. Chronic bleeding, common gastric and duodenal ulcers, internal and external hemorrhoids, hookworm infection.
The clinical manifestations of anemia are: pale yellow or pale skin, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, nails, pale face, self-conscious sleepiness, fatigue, dizziness, tinnitus, memory loss, loss of appetite. Severe anemia may appear nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation, shortness of breath, panic, swelling of the lower extremities and other anemia crisis.
What should I do if I have anemia?
One, find out the main cause of anemia and treat it for its cause in order to have an effect.
Second, the general treatment; correct bad dietary habits, eat more iron-rich foods, such as liver, fish, eggs, lean meat, kelp, fresh vegetables, fruits and so on.
Three, drug treatment: for its cause choose effective drugs.
Four, Chinese medicine treatment.
V. If the anemia is severe, blood transfusion is necessary.