Farmland water conservancy is both a natural complex and an economic complex. How to analyze the planning and design of irrigation project of farmland water conservancy.
I. Introduction
China has a large population, which means that our country is not only in the process of arable land, but also needs to greatly increase its output and ensure the arable land area. With the new changes of agriculture in China, agricultural irrigation has basically realized automation in many unknowns, so water saving has undoubtedly become a new theme of agricultural irrigation.
Second, the principle of realization mode of farmland water conservancy planning and design
Planning principles refer to some essential criteria that must be followed when determining the basic farmland water conservancy planning scheme. Including the coordination and integrity of multi-functional design of basic farmland water conservancy, the inheritance of basic farmland water conservancy planning scheme, the cohesion of planning objectives and the reliability of planning foundation. Specifically, it includes the following basic principles:
1, the principle of good faith. Basic farmland water conservancy has functions and uses such as ecological service, emergency agricultural product production and construction land isolation. Basic farmland water conservancy must implement the principle of overall consideration in layout and quantity, coordinate the different requirements of ecological safety, economic safety and production safety, and avoid paying attention to only one thing.
2. The principle of inheritance. Basic farmland water conservancy planning must be based on the current utilization system, inherit its reasonable components, adjust its unreasonable parts, achieve the goal of rational multi-functional utilization structure and functional optimization, and try to maintain the relative stability of farmland water conservancy utilization structure and layout. Based on the systematic analysis of the present situation, spatial layout and existing problems of farmland water conservancy utilization, a relatively reasonable planning scheme is determined.
3. Dynamic principle. Farmland water conservancy is both a natural complex and an economic complex. The optimization of basic farmland water conservancy planning is relative, which needs to be constantly adjusted in the dynamic development to maintain a relatively optimized state. That is, when determining the basic farmland water conservancy planning, we must fully consider the protection and coordination of the planning, and combine the rigidity and flexibility of the planning.
Three. Irrigation planning and design of water conservancy projects
1. Prediction and analysis of planning and construction scale
(1) Requirements of national economic and social development for the development of small irrigation areas. According to the local requirements of ensuring food security and increasing farmers' income, the important position of small irrigation areas in local agricultural production, and the grain production goals set by large and medium-sized irrigation areas and local dry farming development plans, the overall demand of rural and agricultural economic development for the construction of small irrigation facilities is analyzed, and then the supporting and water-saving transformation scale of small irrigation areas, the addition of small water source projects and the development scale of irrigation areas are determined.
(2) Analysis of the quality potential of cultivated land resources in small-scale irrigation areas According to the local cultivated land resources, the development quality and potential of small-scale irrigation areas are analyzed.
(3) Analysis of the development potential of available irrigation water resources in small irrigation areas; Check the carrying capacity of water resources by county, and demonstrate the development potential of irrigation area in small irrigation areas from the perspective of water resources. It is necessary to analyze the agricultural demand for water resources and the available water resources in the planning and reconstruction area according to many factors such as the total irrigation water control index and its use determined by the comprehensive water resources planning. It further proves the balance between supply and demand of water resources in the transformation area.
(4) Prediction of the development scale of small-scale irrigation areas Through the above analysis of the balance between supply and demand of water and soil resources, the scale of supporting and water-saving transformation of small-scale irrigation areas, the scale of new small-scale water source projects and the scale of developing irrigation areas are determined.
2. Construction contents of irrigation planning and design of water conservancy projects
(1) Construction of water intake hub, fixed channel (including drainage ditch) and culvert in gravity irrigation area of small reservoir (so-called water diversion) (2) Construction of pumping station, culvert and other buildings in small pumping irrigation area and water-saving renovation of fixed channel; (3) Water source project (small water cellar (pool), new pond dam, water lifting facilities, etc. ); (4) irrigation and drainage pumping station transformation; (5) Construction of drainage pumping station.
3, irrigation planning and design technology and implementation of farmland water conservancy projects
(1) Reconstruction or reconstruction of water intake hub in gravity irrigation area of small reservoirs, continuous construction of fixed channels (including drains) and water-saving reconstruction, and removal and reconstruction of culverts and gates with intact rate below 50%; (2) Reconstruction of pumping stations in small pumping irrigation areas, continuous construction of fixed channels and water-saving reconstruction, and demolition and reconstruction of culverts with intact rate below 50%; (3) Reconstruction, reinforcement and new construction of water source projects; (4) The drainage pumping stations with an intact rate of more than 50% shall be upgraded with mechanical and electrical equipment, and the corresponding buildings shall be transformed. If it is really necessary to transform, suggestions for transformation shall be given.
4. Economic benefits
After the completion of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy projects, the environmental, social and economic benefits of the planning area are very remarkable. Through the continuous construction of irrigation channels and water source projects, the basic conditions of agricultural production and agricultural ecological environment have been greatly strengthened, farmers' farming risks have been reduced, soil structure has been improved, land is fertile, cultivated land has been afforested, soil erosion has been reduced, and the natural environment has been improved. At the same time, farming enriches the cultural life of farmers and purifies the social air. Increase production and income, reduce social contradictions and build a harmonious social environment. At the same time, it can also avoid the environmental pollution and people's health problems caused by flooding in polder fields to a certain extent, with remarkable environmental benefits, which plays a very important role in realizing rural modernization and agricultural modernization.
Fourthly, measures to realize multifunctional design of farmland water conservancy planning.
1. Establish a land use adjustment management mechanism with basic farmland water conservancy as the core.
From the scale of farmland water conservancy utilization, priority should be given to basic farmland water conservancy. First, according to the spatial scope of the basic irrigation and water conservancy planning, determine the urban construction ban area, strictly control the scale and speed of new construction land, and actively avoid the basic irrigation and water conservancy planning area.
From the scale point of view, it is forbidden to change the use in the basic farmland water conservancy planning area. Through land consolidation, gradually reduce the space occupied by sporadic construction land in the region. The new construction land is mainly used to develop water conservancy infrastructure and public facilities.
2. Formulate measures for the classified management of basic farmland water conservancy functions. According to the ecological function, isolation function and emergency production function, the policy and evaluation index system of classified management are formulated and gradually implemented. The basic ecological function irrigation and water conservancy planning area actively supports ecological construction projects in the region, builds ecological corridors such as cultivated land, woodland, water system and green belt, and strengthens the' organic connection' between ecological land; The basic farmland water conservancy planning area of emergency production function emphasizes building to promote protection and improve the comprehensive production capacity of agricultural land.
3, comprehensive basic farmland water conservancy protection incentives and supervision measures. According to the multi-function of basic farmland water conservancy, establish new resource accounting standards, determine the high compensation standard of basic farmland water conservancy protection, and encourage farmers to protect the consciousness of basic farmland water conservancy. Improve the economic cost and policy cost of basic farmland water conservancy occupation, and enrich the supervision and management means of basic farmland water conservancy protection.
4. Improve the dynamic management system of basic farmland water conservancy supported by GIS. Combined with the land information management system supported by GIS, the dynamic management system of basic farmland water conservancy is established and interconnected, so as to realize the multi-functional coordinated and unified management of basic farmland water conservancy and the accurate dynamic change management of basic farmland water conservancy with different functions in the basic farmland water conservancy planning area.
5, irrigation project channel design
Irrigation planning is organically combined with drought resistance planning, crop planting planning and township road planning in Jinshan Town. At the same time, considering the drinking water demand of people and livestock, we should make full use of limited water resources, scientifically, reasonably and fully expand the irrigation scope, ensure the unit irrigation water volume, and maximize the benefits. Irrigation channel design and planning meet the needs of rural urbanization development, highlight the prevention and control of key areas such as drought and flood control in Jinshan Town, and choose the most suitable irrigation channel design scheme. Combined with the utilization of reservoirs, ditches, rivers and deep wells, make full use of water resources in irrigation areas and improve the utilization rate of water resources.
Conclusion: To sum up, this paper focuses on the details and matters needing attention in farmland irrigation planning, aiming at realizing the intensification of irrigation in the design process, satisfying the construction of agricultural facilities in China to the greatest extent and contributing to the construction of modern agricultural facilities in China.
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