Umbellies are solitary or clustered, with slender stems, 6- 10 mm long; Bract margin with eyelashes; Each inflorescence has 4-6 flowers, the first leaves open or open at the same time with the leaves, the perianth lobes are 6, and they are broadly ovoid; Fertile stamens 9, the middle and lower parts of filaments are hairy, and the glands at the base of the third round have short stalks; Degenerate pistil glabrous; The middle and lower parts of staminodes in female flowers are pilose; Ovary ovoid, style short, stigma capitate.
The fruit is subglobose, about 5 mm in diameter, glabrous, green when young, black when mature, the pedicel is 2-4 mm long, and the apex is slightly thicker. The flowering period is February-March and the fruiting period is July-August.
The main varieties can be divided into two variants. One is the original variant f. cubeba. The second is blunt-leafed pheasant pepper (variant) F. obtusifolia Yang et P.H. Huang in act. phytotax. sin.16 (4): 46.1978, which is different from the original variant in that the leaves are oblong or obovate, the apex is round or blunt, and the petiole is short, with a length of 4.
The growing environment of Litsea cubeba is light-loving or slightly shade-tolerant, shallow-rooted, and often grows in barren hills, wasteland, bushes or sparse forests, forest margins and roadsides. Strong germination, breeding with seeds; The dormancy period of seeds is long, and the germination is extremely slow. It takes about 50 days after sowing to germinate individually, and the germination lasts for a long time, up to two years. Fast growth and strong fertility. The wood material is medium, resistant to moisture, not moth-eaten, easy to split, and can be used as a material for small appliances. Litsea cubeba oil can be distilled from flowers, leaves and pulp, and the oil contains about 70% citral, and citral can be extracted into ionone, which is an excellent volatile essence used in food, candy, soap, soap, cosmetics, etc. The oil content of seeds is 38.43%, which is used for industry. Roots, stems, leaves, and fruits can all be used as medicine, which has the effects of expelling wind and cold, reducing swelling and relieving pain. The traditional Chinese medicine of fruit is called "Bicheng eggplant", which can treat schistosomiasis.
Litsea resources: There are about 200 species of plants belonging to Litsea cubeba in the world, but there are about 70 species actually distributed in China. Some varieties with high citral content are also called "Litsea cubeba" by local farmers, such as Litsea cubeba and Litsea cubeba, but from the perspective of plant taxonomy, we think Litsea cubeba only refers to the above species. For example, two species produced in Anshun, Guizhou, one is litsea cubeba and the other is Litsea cubeba, which are collectively called "Litsea cubeba" locally, because the content of citral in Litsea cubeba is relatively high. Among them, 16 species are used in folk, 9 species are used for extracting essential oil, 8 species are used for medicine, 6 species will use fatty oil in seeds, and most of them are widely known as the varieties for extracting essential oil.
Distribution range The citral content of litsea cubeba oil in China is as high as 60%~ 80%, up to 90%, which is much higher than other varieties abroad. Citral can synthesize ionone series spices, including ionone, methyl ionone and corresponding alcohol and ester compounds. Ionone series spices have pleasant violet fragrance, and are important raw materials for preparing high-grade flavors, which are widely used in high-grade cosmetics, soaps and other daily chemicals and food production. Therefore, there is a great demand for citral in domestic and international markets. Litsea cubeba is mainly distributed in China, which is a unique resource in China, and rarely distributed abroad. Therefore, for a long time, foreign countries mainly imported Litsea cubeba oil from China, and the export volume of Litsea cubeba essential oil in China ranks first in the world, and the export volume is relatively stable.
Litsea cubeba, a litsea cubeba, belongs to Litsea litsea, Lauraceae. Litsea cubeba's aliases are Shanjijiao (Zhejiang), ShanCang Shu (Guangdong), Saizhangshu (Fujian), Xiangye (Hunan) and Litsea cubeba (Guangxi). Small trees, height10m, DBH15cm; The bark of young trees is yellow-green, smooth and the old trees are grayish brown. Branchlets are green, and the branches and leaves are fragrant. Leaves alternate, papery, usually needle-shaped or oblong, with a length of 4- 1 1 cm and a width of 1. 1-2.4 cm, with a tapered apex and a wedge-shaped base, and a pink-green hairless underside. Inflorescences are solitary or clustered, with long stalks of 0.6- 1 cm and 4-6 flowers; Perianth lobes broadly ovate; Filaments are pilose in the middle and lower parts. Fruit subglobose, about 5 mm in diameter, black when mature; The pedicel is 2-4 mm long and the apex is slightly thicker. Flowering in February-March; Fruiting period is July-August.
Atlas of Shanji Pepper is produced in Yixing, Zhejiang, southern Anhui and Dabie Mountains, Jiangxi (the elevation of Lushan Mountain is 1 below 300 meters), Fujian, Taiwan Province (the elevation is 1 300-2, 100 meters), Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi and Sichuan.
Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet. Born in sunny mountains, shrubs, sparse forests or roadside and waterside in forests, with an altitude of 500-3200m. Southeast Asian countries also have distribution. As a medicine, the Chinese medicine industry in Shanghai, Sichuan, Kunming and other places calls it "Bichengqie" ("Bichengqie" recorded in general pharmacognosy belongs to Piper cubebalin.). In recent years, the application of "Bichengqie" to treat schistosomiasis has achieved good results. The Taiyulu people in Taiwan Province use the fruit as a substitute for salt. People in Xingguo, Jiangxi reported that the mixed planting of Cang Shu Mountain and Camellia oleifera can prevent and control the coal black disease (bituminous coal disease) of Camellia oleifera.
The essential oil in Litsea cubeba is mainly contained in the fruit, and the essential oil in the peel is generally 3~4%, among which there are as many as 17 chemical components, and their properties and uses are different, and the main component citral is 80%. Litsea cubeba oil obtained by the author in Litsea cubeba planting area of Anshun County, Guizhou Province in 2004 10, its chemical composition and content rate of each component are as follows; The properties and functions of the main chemical components are as follows.
Components of Litsea cubeba Essential Oil and Names of Components Containing it
Content rate (%); Features and main uses
α-pinene: 1.43%; Colorless oily liquid, with special pine fragrance, can be used in coatings and resins, and can be used as the starting material for synthesizing various spices.
Camphene 0.68%; Colorless crystals at room temperature, camphor-like aroma and sublimation, used in lavender oil cosmetics, soaps, deodorants and fruit-based food flavors. It is also an important raw material for the synthesis of borneol, isobornyl acetate and terpene phenols.
β-pinene: 1.42%; Colorless oily liquid, which can be used as the starting material of terpene synthetic perfume and other fine chemical raw materials.
β-myrcene: 0.55%; Colorless to yellowish liquid (easy to oxidize and polymerize in air) has a clear fragrance of balsam, which can be used in citrus cologne and deodorant, and can be used to synthesize valuable spices such as linalool, geraniol, citronellol and ionone.
Methyl heptenone: 2.50%; Colorless to yellow liquid, similar to the strong citrus aroma of isoamyl acetate, is used in floral perfume, soap and cosmetics, and is an important raw material for synthesizing terpene oxygen-containing spices such as citral.
Paracymene: 0. 1 1%; Colorless liquid with strong carotenoid aroma. A small amount is used for daily use and edible essence, which is the main raw material for synthesizing powder sandalwood musk and umbrella flower musk, and can also be used for expelling wind oil drugs.
Limonene: 22.65%; Colorless light yellow liquid, with pleasant lemon aroma, like orange, is used in floral fruit-scented cosmetics and edible spices, and is also an important raw material for synthesizing spices such as carvone.
Linalool: 1.2 1%; Colorless oily liquid, with the fragrance of Linghua, wood sample and a little citrus, is widely used in all kinds of cosmetics and fruit food flavors, and is also an important raw material for synthesizing precious spices.
Citronellal: 0. 15%; Colorless oily liquid, strong citronella-rose fragrance. (easy to cyclize in air), a small amount is used for lilac, lemon, magnolia, lily of the valley, cologne essence and food essence, and can be used to synthesize terpineol perfume.
α-terpineol: 0.33%; Colorless viscous liquid, similar to lilac fragrance, plays the role of main perfumer in daily-use spices such as lilac, and is generally used as raw material for synthetic spices.
Nerol: 0.2 1%; Colorless liquid, sweet orange blossom-rose fragrance is the main fragrance agent and synergist for preparing essence, and can also be used to synthesize precious fragrance.
α-citral (geranial): 38.86%; The α and β bodies are difficult to separate, but they are actually a mixture of cis-nerolide and trans-geraniol. Pale yellow liquid, with strong lemon fragrance, is not only used as daily essence and edible essence, but also an important fine chemical raw material for synthesizing ionone and tectonone series precious spices and phytol, vitamin A and vitamin E.
β -citral (nerolidal): 27. 17%.
Geraniol: 0.50%; Colorless liquid, like rose fragrance, is mainly the main fragrance agent of rose series essence, and is also commonly used in daily essences such as jasmine, orange blossom and violet.
β-caryophyllene: 0. 14%; Colorless oily liquid, with clove-rosin aroma, is an important raw material for the synthesis of carnation alcohol.
Although the output of Litsea cubeba products in China is high, the overall production level is low, and the export is mainly primary crude oil. The utilization status of Litsea cubeba oil, mainly through low-value export, has been unable to realize the resource utilization advantage of China, which is a workshop mode with high cost and low output. Because Litsea cubeba is high in aldehyde, it is easy to be oxidized into acid or moldy in heat, moisture and humid air, so it needs to be purchased locally. Therefore, crude oil containing about 65% citral has been extracted by local distillation, and then concentrated to natural perfume factory, distilled into essential oil containing about 75% citral, and exported or transported to other perfume factories for further processing into different specifications of citral or ionone series semi-synthetic perfume products. Processing is in a low-value monotonous and low-level utilization stage. Although China is rich in resources, the processing level is low, the production scale is too small, the variety is monotonous, the degree of automation and continuity is low, the production cost is too high, and the quality is poor. Not only is there no high-grade perfume to compete in the international market, but even the price of Litsea cubeba essential oil and citral processed by it, which ranks first in the world, is very low, with little benefit. In terms of comprehensive utilization of Litsea cubeba, although scientists in China have also conducted research and exploration in many fields, they have not formed a scientific and reasonable development system from variety, planting and cultivation to scientific extraction and separation, and processing and utilization of by-products.
Synthesis of high-grade perfume from Litsea cubeba oil: The main component of Litsea cubeba oil is citral, which is one of the higher citral contents in aromatic plant essential oils. Citral and acetone are condensed under the action of alkali to produce pseudoionone, and then ionone can be obtained by catalytic cyclization. Ionone is widely used in the synthesis of vitamin E in industry.
Litsea cubeba oil is a good flavoring agent and preservative for food.
The refined litsea cubeba oil has the fragrance of fresh lemon fruit, and can be directly used to flavor and enhance the fragrance of sweets and cakes, chewing gum, ice cream, beverages, sauce condiments, seasoning oil and baked goods. Studies have shown that litsea cubeba oil has a strong antibacterial effect on Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium citrinum, Mucor racemosum, Rhizopus oryzae and other molds. It is found that Litsea cubeba oil has strong antioxidant activity, which is better than ginger oil and cinnamon oil.
Medicinal application of litsea cubeba: in summer and autumn, when the fruit of litsea cubeba is ripe, it can be collected, removed from branches and leaves, dried in the sun and used as medicine for cubeba. Litsea cubeba has the effects of warming the middle warmer, dispelling cold, regulating qi and relieving pain, and can be used for hiccups and vomiting, epigastric pain and other symptoms caused by stomach cold, abdominal pain caused by cold hernia, dysuria caused by cold syndrome and urine turbidity caused by stagnation of cold and dampness in children, and can also be used for treating wind-cold common cold, cough and asthma, dyspepsia and other symptoms. External application of Litsea cubeba leaves can treat gangrene and swelling; Hot compress or hot soaking of Litsea cubeba root decoction can treat rheumatic bone pain, numbness of limbs, lumbago and leg diseases and traumatic injuries. Litsea cubeba oil can also be used as a raw material for synthesizing vitamins E, K, A, etc., so as to play its role in medicine. Litsea cubeba oil is also a hot spot in clinical research because of its unique role in treating diseases. In addition, Litsea cubeba also has antiasthmatic, antiallergic, antiarrhythmic, antithrombotic, antibacterial, antiviral and trichomonas effects. It can be predicted that the application of litsea cubeba oil in medicine will make progress.
Litsea cubeba oil is used to prevent and control crop pests: It is reported that Litsea cubeba oil has a certain effect in preventing and controlling verticillium wilt of tea trees and cotton, tea caterpillar and red rust disease, and it is non-toxic to human body, does not pollute the environment, and has a pleasant fragrance. Therefore, it has outstanding advantages in preventing and controlling stored grain pests, food pests, health pests, sterilization and mildew prevention and control of crop diseases, and has a broad development prospect.
Application of Litsea cubeba pomace in feed
Litsea cubeba pomace is a considerable amount of good feed and feed natural mildew inhibitor resources, which needs to be developed and utilized urgently.
Garden of litsea cubeba and its application value in other fields
Modern urban landscaping requires not only greening the city, but also comprehensive functions such as health care, coloring and fragrance. This puts forward higher requirements for landscaping. Urban landscape greening has taken a solid step in colorization, and is constantly updating and advancing, but it is still in the stage of development and application in fragrance and health care. In large cities such as Shanghai, the application of herbaceous aromatic plants has begun to appear, but the application of woody aromatic plants is almost blank. It requires real urban aromatization, and only by widely applying woody aromatic plants can the meaning of aromatization be truly realized. Litsea cubeba, as an aromatic woody plant with great development value, is of course the first to bear the brunt. Litsea cubeba has a beautiful tree shape and lush foliage. Among them, the trunk of Cinnamomum camphora is straight and straight, and the trunk type is tall and straight. The key is that many varieties of Litsea can survive in Shanghai. There are natural or artificial secondary forests of Litsea cubeba in Sheshan, Shanghai, and they grow well. Litsea cubeba not only plays an important role in the above-mentioned spices, food, medicine, feed industry and gardens, but also is an indispensable raw material in the production of plastics, ink and so on.
Problems in the utilization of Litsea cubeba: China is rich in Litsea cubeba resources, which occupies a decisive position in the international spice market and has great development potential. The utilization of litsea cubeba resources in China is still in a long-lasting and extensive research stage, in which the preparation of top-grade spices has not been completely solved, let alone the industrialization of intensive utilization, but there are still many problems, mainly as follows:
① The utilization of Litsea cubeba resources lacks unified management, and forestry, foreign trade and supply and marketing departments compete to buy Litsea cubeba oil, which makes the purchase price fluctuate greatly and affects the enthusiasm of forest farmers for harvesting. In addition, the resources are scattered and the harvesting is inconvenient, making it difficult to form a certain production scale.
② The breeding work lags behind, and the varieties are mixed. Most of them also use wild seeds for sowing and seedling raising, and no excellent seed collection mother forest base has been established;
(3) Small scale of operation, extensive management, low yield and poor oil quality, without management and comprehensive utilization. When harvesting, the whole plant was cut down to collect fruits, resulting in low and unstable yield and poor oil quality;
④ The processing is backward, and the low value of products is monotonous. However, China is still mainly engaged in rough processing, mainly producing Litsea cubeba oil. The processing equipment is crude and the utilization rate is low, which causes great waste of resources. However, the research on new technologies and new processes involved in Litsea cubeba processing industry is relatively weak, and the promotion efforts are insufficient, and little investment is made in the development of new products. Monotonous products, few brands and strong competitiveness.
⑤ The resources of Litsea cubeba have not been intensively managed and comprehensively utilized. Some forest farmers only care about immediate interests and cut down the whole plant to collect the fruits of Litsea cubeba, resulting in a situation of "the mountains are near and the mountains are far away".
Cultivation techniques Litsea cubeba, also known as litsea cubeba, pheasant pepper and Chinese prickly ash, is a raw material tree for producing Litsea cubeba oil, extracting citral and making special flavors. Due to the shortage of these special flavors in the domestic and international markets, the price of Litsea cubeba has doubled, and the market gap is very large. Therefore, artificial cultivation of litsea cubeba is one of the important ways for farmers in hilly and mountainous areas to generate income and get rich. Its cultivation techniques are as follows:
The land with good growth conditions is selected as nursery land for seedling raising. After deep ploughing, fertilizing and harrowing in February-March of the following year, it is used as seedbed, and the furrow width is 8-10cm, and the furrow spacing is 20cm. Soak the seeds in hot water at 35℃ for one day to accelerate germination, then spread the seeds evenly or sow them with two seeds on demand, cover the soil with a thickness of 1.5 cm, and cover with grass to keep moisture. The sowing amount is 8 kg/mu. The seeds germinate in early and middle April, and then the grass is uncovered. And timely do a good job in field management such as intertillage weeding, fertilization, irrigation and drainage, and thinning seedlings. In the early winter of that year, when the seedlings are 40-50 cm high, they can go out for afforestation, and the seedling yield can reach 1 10,000 plants/mu.
Afforestation All hilly land with fertile, deep and moist soil and mountain fields with sunny south slope, southeast slope and southwest slope in mountainous areas can be selected as forest land, and the land selection time is10-1month. After cutting weeds and shrubs, plant holes should be dug according to the plant spacing1.5m× 2m and the density of 300 plants/mu. The specifications of the planting hole are 60cm× 60cm× 40cm, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied in the planting hole. Litsea cubeba is dioecious, both male and female trees bloom first and then grow leaves. Male trees bloom in1-February with long leaves and dark green bark. The mother tree has long leaves and light green bark after flowering in February. When planting trees, some seedlings should be kept in the nursery for regulating male and female trees, so that male trees can be kept at about 10% of the total number of trees and distributed evenly. Unplug and transplant redundant and unevenly distributed male trees, and replant the mother saplings left in the nursery.
Tending management Every year after afforestation, we should do a good job in intertillage weeding and other tending work in time. In the second year after planting, when the young trees grow to a height of 0.5-0.6 meters, the top is removed, the height of the trees is controlled, the germination of branches is promoted, and it is beneficial to increase production and collect seeds. After entering the full fruit stage in the third year, pre-flowering fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer and post-harvest fertilizer should be applied in February, April and July in time, especially for single plants with a large number of fruits, so as to promote their early recovery and prevent the phenomenon of small years in the next year or the phenomenon of trees dying in the high-yield year.
After harvesting and processing Litsea cubeba seedlings for 3 years, it entered the high-yield period. The annual output of fresh fruit of mother trees with more than 4 years is 4-8 kg, and that of 8-year-old trees is as high as 25 kg (single plant). Fresh fruits are harvested after the beginning of autumn in the lunar calendar, put in a wooden steamer and heated by pot steam, so that the volatile oil in the seed skin is gasified and condensed into litsea cubeba oil through a conduit, and the oil yield is 6-7%. The distilled kernels were dried in the sun and crushed, and the kernel oil was extracted by an oil press, and the oil yield was about 30%.
Taxonomic world: plant world
Phylum: Angiosperm phylum
Class: Dicotyledonous Plants
Subclass: primitive perianth subclass
Objective: Cinnamomum.
Family: Lauraceae
Subsubfamily: Lauraceae
Ethnic group: litsea, litsea subfamily
Genus: Litsea
The scientific name of "grass residue" is Litsea cubeba, and its roots also have the function of food supplement. It is wild and has never been planted by any family. Originally, every household could dig some up the mountain and dry it for later use, which can be bought at the local farmers' market. In Fuzhou, Fujian, there is a local dish called "grass root" or "grass residue" in Gutian, Ningde, Minqing (local dialect in Minqing), which stewed pig's feet, ducks, chickens and rabbits (this dish is the most local representative, and most foreigners don't like it, and it is mostly circulated in the local area and eaten at home in Minqing. There are also several snack bars stewed with rabbits in Gutian, and the taste is not bad).
Cooked pig's feet of Litsea cubeba If it is used as a dish, it is necessary to add ingredients-dried cuttlefish and dried mushrooms from pig's feet (ducks, chickens and rabbits). When it is used, the roots should be cut into sections of about 10 cm, the thicker ones should be split, and the index finger thickness is better. After washing, put the ingredients into a basin or bowl, put a proper amount of water, put it in a large pot and steam it for 20 minutes on high fire and 40 minutes on low fire. Before the pot is cooked, the fragrance is overflowing, and you can smell the stew of "a few dregs of pig's feet" from far away. This dish is very popular in the local area, and almost every family can cook it, but the non-local dishes are a little uncomfortable, spicy, bitter and strong, so this dish is only circulated in the local area.
Brief Description of Medicine Name: Litsea cubeba Leaves
Chinese pinyin: shan cang zi ye
Latin plant and animal mineral name: Litsea Cubeba (Lour.) Pers. [Laurus Cubeba Lour.]
Efficacy classification: Lauraceae.
Classification of families and genera: drugs for regulating qi and resolving stagnation; Detoxification and detumescence drugs; Hemostatic drug
Sexual taste: Xin; Slightly bitter; Warm.
Function: regulating qi and dispersing stagnation; Detoxification and detumescence; Stop bleeding.
Indications: carbuncle and swelling; Breast carbuncle; Snakes and insects bite; Traumatic bleeding; Foot swelling; Chronic tracheitis.
Picture usage and dosage of litsea cubeba: external use: appropriate amount, fresh leaves are pounded; Or decoct in water and wash the whole body warmly.
Ecological environment: Born in sunny slopes, hills, thickets on forest margins or sparse forests.
Distribution of resources: distributed in Southwest China, South China, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Tibet and other places.
The source of medicinal materials: leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum of Lauraceae.
Harvesting and storage: harvesting in summer and autumn, removing impurities, fresh use or drying in the sun.
Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine: leaves contain only 0.006% of volatile oil, mainly cineole, caryophyllene, bornyl acetate, limonene, γ-elemene and geranyl acetate.
Identification of raw medicinal materials:
1, character identification
Leaf blade lanceolate or oblong, easily broken. The surface is brown or brownish green, with a length of 4- 10cm and a width of 1-2.5cm, the apex is tapered, the base is wedge-shaped, the whole margin is obvious, and the pinnate reticulate veins are slightly protruding on the lower surface. The quality is brittle. The breath is fragrant and the taste is pungent and cool.
2. Litsea cubeba fruit
In northern Fujian, such as Jian 'ou, every family will prepare a bottle of medicine made from Litsea cubeba fruit, which is mainly used to treat intestinal diseases, such as diarrhea and abdominal pain caused by catching a cold or unclean food, and so on. When the fruit is ripe, just pick it, pickle it with salt and dry it in the sun. Adults eat 20 to 30 capsules at a time, and chew boiled water to serve it, which is very heavy.
Variety category 1, Litsea acutivena Hayata. litsea litsea.
2、Litsea akoensis Hayata.; Litsea pingtung
3、Litsea atrata S.Lee; Litsea nigrum
4、Litsea auriculata Chien et Cheng; Litsea Tianmu; External application of leaves can cure tendon injury; Fruit and root bark can cure white worm.
5、Litsea balansae Lec.; Fake chili pepper
6、Litsea baviensis Lete; Litsea macrocalyx
7、Litsea beilschmiediifolia ; Litsea Qiongnanensis
8、Litsea chinpingensis Yang et P.H.Huang; Litsea Jinping
9、Litsea chunii Chang; Alpine litsea fruit; Essential oils can be extracted from leaves and fruits.
10、Litsea coreana; Litsea koraiensis
1 1、Litsea cubeba; Litsea cubeba; Flowers, leaves and pulp; Seed kernel contains 38.43% oil; Dispelling wind and cold, relieving swelling and pain, and treating schistosomiasis.
12、Litsea dilleniifolia; Litsea pentaphylla
13、Litsea dunniana; Litsea litsea
14、Litsea elongata; Litsea Huang Dan
15、Litsea elongate var.subverticillata; Litsea cubeba
16、Litsea euo *** a; Ginger of fragrant wood; Fruits, branches and leaves; Branches and leaves contain about 0.7% aromatic oil; Preparation of cosmetics, medicines, etc.
17、Litsea forrestii; Litsea longipedunculata
18、Litsea foveolata; Litsea honeycomb
19、Litsea garciae; Litsea lanyu
20、Litsea garrettii; Litsea yunnanensis
2 1、Litsea globosa; Litsea rotundifolia
22、Litsea glutinosa; Litsea amurensis; Bark and wood, roots, seed coats, seeds, leaves; Seed kernel contains 50.3% oil; Furniture materials; Adhesive; be used as medicine
23、Litsea glutinosa var.brideliifolia; White wild sassafras
24、Litsea gongshanensis; Litsea gongshanensis
25、Litsea greenmaniana; Litsea australis
26、Litsea hayatae; Litsea Taiwan Province
27、Litsea honghoensis; Litsea Honghe
28、Litsea hunanensis; Litsea hupehensis
29、Litsea hupehanan; Litsea hupehensis
30、Litsea ichangensis; Litsea Yichang; Fruit; Extract essential oil
3 1、Litsea kobuskiana; Litsea Anshun
32、Litsea kwangsiensis; Machilus hongplanifolia
33、Litsea lancifolia; Litsea stenophylla
34、Litsea lancilimba; Litsea macrocarpa; Wood and seeds; industrial oil
35、Litsea lii; Litsea davurica
36、Litsea lnii; Ginger with white scales
37、Litsea litseaefolia; Litsea hainanensis
38、Litsea liyuyingi; Litsea paniculata
39、Litsea longistaminata; Litsea longistamens
40、Litsea machiloides; Litsea runnanensis
4 1、Litsea magnoliifolia; Litsea magnolia leaves
42、Litsea mishmiensis; Litsea mishmi
43、Litsea mollis; Litsea pubescens; Fruits and leaves; The oil yield is 3-5%; Seeds contain 25% oil; For making high-quality soap; Both roots and fruits can be used as medicine.
44、Litsea monantha; Litsea delavayi
45、Litsea monopetala; False persimmon and ginger
46、Litsea moupinensis; Litsea baoxing; Leaves and fruits; Extracting aromatic essential oil; Fruit can be used as an edible spice.
47、Litsea oligophlebia; Litsea minor
48、Litsea panamonja; Ginger with fragrant flowers and trees
49、Litsea pedunculata; Litsea cubeba
50、Litsea pierrei; Litsea Vietnam
5 1、Litsea pittosporifolia; Litsea pittosporum
52、Litsea populifolia; Litsea poplar; Leaves and fruits; Fresh leaves contain 0.54% aromatic oil; Seed oil content is 48.2%; Cosmetics, soap essence, lubricating oil, etc.
53、Litsea pseudoelongata; Litsea bambusae
54、Litsea pungens; Litsea litsea; Branches, fruits and leaves; 2-6% of dried fruit and 3-4% of fresh fruit; Raw materials of ionone and vitamin A
55、Litsea rotundifolia; Cinnamomum camphora; Roots and seeds; Seed oil content is 63.80%; Refining essential oil; Treat colds, indigestion, etc.
56、Litsea rubescens; Litsea rubra; Fruit; It is warm and pungent in nature, and has the effect of dispelling cold and relieving pain.
57、Litsea sasakii; Litsea cubeba
58、Litsea sericea; Litsea sericea
59、Litsea suberosa; Litsea corktree
60、Litsea taronensis; Litsea dulongensis
6 1、Litsea tibetana; Litsea tibetica
62、Litsea tsinlingensis; Litsea Qinling; Leaves and fruits; Seed oil content is 54.3 1%; Is a raw material for edible essence and cosmetics; For extracting lauric acid
63、Litsea umbellate; Ginger with umbrella flowers and trees
64Litsea vang; Litsea bodinieri
65、Litsea variabilis; Litsea cubeba
66、Litsea veitchiana; Litsea obtusifolia
67、Litsea verticillata; Litsea verticillata; Roots and leaves; Chest pain, menstrual pain in women; External application of leaves to treat fracture and snake injury
68、Litsea verticillifolia; Litsea Qiongnanensis
69、Litsea viridis; Dried fragrant firewood
70、Litsea wilsonii; Litsea tomentosa
7 1、Litsea yaoshanensis; Litsea yaoshanensis
72、Litsea yunnanensis; Litsea yunnanensis
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