Rubus L., also known as Rubus L., belongs to Rosaceae, with about 750 species. There are about 194 species in China, among which 138 species are endemic. Most of them are wild and distributed all over the country. The most widely distributed provinces and regions are: 94 species in Yunnan, 80 species in Sichuan, 60 species in Guizhou, 48 species in Guangxi, 43 species in Guangdong, 37 species in Fujian and 34 species in Taiwan Province. Common wild species and species with high utilization value in southern provinces (regions) mainly include: R. tricolor focke; Sorghum bubble (R. lamberti anusser.); Rubus palmatum (R. ching ii Hu); Raspberry (R.corchorifolius L.f) is a famous mountain, and its English name is Juteleaf raspberry；; R. parvifolius L. is also known as Tietian, Rubus microphylla, and Rubus pratensis, and its English name is Japanese raspberry；. R. hirsutus thunb.; Rubus (R.palmatus Thunb.) is also known as raspberry and maple raspberry, and its English name is Bank raspberry, Japan golden mayberry.

The common raspberry plants in South China are shrubs, erect or climbing, with prickles or bristles. Leaves alternate, simple, palmately or pinnately compound; Stipules persistent or deciduous. Flowers are bisexual, sparsely unisexual and dioecious, with single or several flowers clustered or arranged in racemes, cones or cymes; Sepals and petals are 5 each. The fruit is aggregate fruit, which is formed by many small drupes clustered on the receptacle. When it is ripe, it is yellow, red or black, and its meat is pulpy, and it is hollow when separated from the receptacle, or integrated with the receptacle (Figure 4-34). Maturity often varies with different species, regions and altitudes. The overground part of raspberry plant is a cluster of annual and biennial branches, and the underground part is composed of rhizomes and lateral adventitious roots. Every spring, the strong buds in the middle of the annual branches produce fruiting branches, and the inflorescences in the axils of the fruiting branches blossom and bear fruit. When the fruits mature in autumn, the branches die, and the annual branches of that year produce fruiting branches in the next spring, which is a cycle. Raspberry plants are characterized by large number, strong adaptability and easy reproduction and growth. Generally, plants can blossom and bear fruit in the second year after planting, and enter the full fruit period in 3 ~ 4 years, with an economic life of 20 years. It is reported that the content of protein in wild raspberries is much higher than that in peaches, grapes, strawberries, apples and oranges. Many wild species can be directly introduced and cultivated, fruits can be used for food or jam, fruits, seeds, roots and leaves can be used for medicine, stem bark and root bark can be extracted for baking glue, and a few species can be used for garden cultivation and appreciation.

Figure 4-34 Raspberry (Rubus R.palmatus Thunb)

1. Flower branch 2. Flower longitudinal section 3. Fruit branch 4. Drupe

(Li Shirong imitated china fruit Taxonomy)

(blue polyester)