Characteristics and characteristics of perennial monocotyledonous evergreen herb fruit trees. Short, 0.5 ~ 1m high, rootless, with fibrous fibrous fibrous roots; The succulent stem is wrapped by spiral leaves and is sword-shaped; Inflorescence terminal, bearing many small flowers; The fleshy compound fruit consists of many ovaries gathered on the floral axis. Like warmth, the annual average temperature of 24 ~ 27℃ is the most suitable for growth. The growth is slow below 15℃, 5℃ is the critical temperature for freezing, and the growth stops at 43℃. Drought-tolerant, but it still needs a certain amount of water, and the annual rainfall 1000 ~ 1500 mm is suitable and evenly distributed. It is more tolerant to shade, but it grows well with sufficient sunlight, high sugar content and good quality. It has wide adaptability to soil, likes loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matter, and sandy loam or mountain red soil with pH value of 5 ~ 5.5 is better.
The plant height of pineapple is 0.7 ~ 1.5m, the stem is short, thick and brown, and there are sucking buds at the base. Roots are planted around the stem. Leaves cluster from the upper part of the stem. Ears have sprouted on the leaves. The fruit is fleshy, like a pinecone-shaped compound fruit, mostly cylindrical; The flesh is yellow (see picture). There are about 70 cultivated varieties, which can be divided into Cayenne, Empress and Spain. The optimum growth temperature of pineapple in winter is about 65438 05℃. Wide adaptability to soil. The roots need shallow oxygen and have mycorrhiza, and the pores and hairs on the back of leaves have special structures for storing carbon dioxide, which can also prevent water evaporation, so they are drought-tolerant, but not cold-resistant. Generally, bud seedlings are used for propagation, and the plants propagated by crown buds are the best, followed by seedlings cultured by sucking buds. Fertilization period should focus on three times before flowering, strong fruit period and after fruit, and potassium fertilizer should be added. Timely removal of crown buds and germ and selection of sucking buds are beneficial to nutrient concentration and normal fruit development. The requirements for soil are not strict. There are fewer pests and diseases. Pineapple fruit is mostly used for canning except fresh food, and is widely loved because it can keep its original flavor. Leaf fiber can be used as raw materials for ropes, fishing nets and so on.
Distribution: Pineapple is widely distributed between the Tropic of Cancer and is one of the most important fruits in the world. More than 80 countries and regions in the world are used as economic cultivation. Native to Central and South America, it was introduced to China in17th century, and it was planted in18th century. There are more than 80 countries and regions in the world for economic cultivation. The main producing areas are Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Brazil, South Africa and the United States. China is one of the top ten pineapple producers, mainly distributed in tropical provinces such as Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian and Yunnan.
Functional pineapple is rich in nutrition and contains many vitamins, among which the content of vitamin C can be as high as 42mg. In addition, calcium, iron and phosphorus are abundant. Pineapple can be eaten raw or processed into canned pineapple in syrup, pineapple juice, pineapple juice and so on. In addition, the by-products in pineapple processing can be made into sugar, alcohol, monosodium glutamate, citric acid and so on.
As a fresh food, pineapple is golden in color, rich in fragrance, sweet and sour, crisp and juicy. Canned pineapple is known as "international canned fruit" and can also be made into a variety of processed products, which are widely welcomed by consumers. There is an enzyme in pineapple-bromelain, which can dissolve thrombus, prevent thrombosis and reduce the mortality of cerebrovascular disease and heart disease.
Healthy diet
1. pineapple flat fish canned pineapple 1, flat fish 1, lemon half, salt 1/2 teaspoons, 2 teaspoons and 3 teaspoons. Cut the pineapple into small pieces, clean the flat fish, make two cuts on both sides of the fish, sprinkle with salt evenly, clean the lemon and cut it in half, take half of the lemon for juicing, add 5 tablespoons of hot oil, fry the flat fish until golden brown, put it in a plate, keep 1 tablespoon of oil in the pot, continue heating, add pineapple pieces, water starch and sugar, cook until it becomes thick, take it out, pour it on the fish, and squeeze lemon juice.
2. 2 fruity prawns, 75g pineapple, tomato 1 each, onion 1 each, 2 slices ginger, cooking wine 1 tablespoon, 2 tablespoons salad dressing, concentrated orange juice 1 tablespoon, 30g lemon juice and a little salt. Slice the tomato into a plate, cut the onion into long sections, boil the water in the pot, add the onion, ginger, cooking wine and shrimp residue, take out the shrimp and soak it in cold water, put the scalded shrimp into a plate, remove the shell from the middle part, cut it in half, remove the intestinal sludge, cut it into diagonal pieces, cut the pineapple into small pieces, and arrange them on the tomato slices crosswise with the shrimp slices respectively, and dip them in the evenly mixed seasoning when eating.
3. pineapple fish pineapple 1, mandarin fish with skin 500g, fresh peas 50g. Wash pineapple, peel and cut into pieces for later use; Wash the fish, cut a knife on one side, and then cut it into cubes for later use; Wash peas and put them in a pot to boil; Put the fish in a bowl, add refined salt and cooking wine and mix well, then add wet starch to catch it evenly, and then stick dry starch to separate the flower knife; Set the pot on fire, add peanut oil to heat it, fry the fish pieces thoroughly, and take them out with a colander; Set the fire in another pot, add proper amount of peanut oil to heat it, stir-fry onion, ginger, garlic, pineapple block and green pea, then add tomato sauce, sugar, cooking wine, refined salt, monosodium glutamate and water, and thicken it with wet starch after boiling; Heat the oil pan until the oil boils. Add the boiled oil juice to the juice pot, then add the fish pieces and stir fry a few times. This dish has the effects of invigorating qi and nourishing blood, strengthening spleen and benefiting stomach. It is suitable for qi and blood weakness, gastrointestinal weakness, anorexia, diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, etc.