Cultivation technology
1. Deep fertilization
Fertilization method: Under normal circumstances, fertilizer seeds are separated and applied 4-5 cm below the side of the seeds. The dosage can be adjusted. When applying more than 20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate per 667 square meters, it can be applied in layers: the depth of the upper layer of seed fertilizer is 5-7 cm, and the amount of fertilizer is 1/3; the depth of the base fertilizer is 10-16 cm, and the amount of fertilizer is 2/3.
Or after the previous crop is harvested, spread the fermented organic fertilizer evenly on the surface, then rake the fertilizer into the soil, mix the manure and soil thoroughly, then plow deeply, and then rake. The ridges are finely raised, and soybeans can also be planted flatly.
2. Precision sowing
Reasonable crop rotation: It is best to choose the right stubble, not heavy, and plant in the stubble.
Careful soil preparation: Carry out late-autumn plowing according to the previous crops, with a depth of 22-25 cm. During the operation, no large clods of soil, clear strips or lumps will be produced, and the soil must be buckled tightly and not heavy or leaky.
Soil moisture: The soil moisture content (dry soil weight%) after soil preparation should be about 22% when sowing to ensure that the seeds can absorb water and germinate normally.
Sowing at the right time: Summer soybeans can be sown after the wheat is harvested, as long as the moisture is suitable. The best sowing period is from June 10th to 25th, and no later than early July. ?
3. Field management
Hoeing and cultivating:
⑴ Hoe all over the ground before the first compound leaf, so that the seedlings can be hoeed clean, and no grass will be removed. Injure seedlings and loosen topsoil.
⑵ When the seedlings are about 10 cm high, perform the second cultivating to ensure that the seedlings are not damaged, pressed, or grass leaked.
⑶ About 10 days after the second cultivation, the third cultivation should be carried out to deeply loosen and cover the soil.
Pre-emergence weeding: The most commonly used spectral herbicides in production are Pusite and clomazone. These two herbicides are effective against a variety of grass weeds and broadleaf weeds in soybean fields. All valid.
Dosage: 5% Pusite aqueous solution, 1.5-2 kg per hectare; 48% clomazone EC, 2-2.5 kg per hectare. Pusite, bensulfuron, and clomazone can all remain in the soil for a long time, so special attention should be paid to the damage to subsequent crops.
Post-emergence weeding:
⑴Types of herbicides Herbicides suitable for early emergence: The most commonly used herbicide in production at present is Pusite. Apply pesticides when weeds are just emerging, generally no later than the second compound leaf stage of soybeans. The dosage of Pusite applied in the early stage of emergence is: 5% Pusite aqueous agent at 1-1.5 kg per hectare, and should not exceed 1.5 kg. It should be applied in weather with high humidity before and after rainfall, and avoid hot and dry weather at noon and windy weather.
⑵Usage 12% of Nana Net Emulsion, the dosage per hectare is 1-1.5 kg; 15% of refined grass, the dosage per hectare is 0.75-1 kg; 5% of refined grass Gram EC, 24% Gram EC, the dosage per hectare is 0.33-0.75 kg.
(3) Application period Herbicides suitable for the late emergence stage are generally applied during the 2-3 compound leaf stage of soybeans. In years with good soil moisture in spring, pesticide application can be done earlier, and the lower limit of pesticide dosage is generally adopted. If there is a drought in spring, pesticide application can be done later, and the upper limit of pesticide dosage is generally used. ?
4. Summer sowing technology
Irrigation before sowing: For plots with poor moisture and irrigation conditions, you can irrigate once before sowing to facilitate post-sowing. germination. Combined with irrigation, field closed weeding is carried out.
Sowing date: Since the growing season of summer soybeans is short, it is important to sow them early and at the right time. Sow seeds at the right time, with high seedling preservation rate, neat and strong emergence, good growth and development, and strong stems.
Rational dense planting: Reasonable dense planting means correctly handling the relationship between individuals and groups under the specific conditions of the local area and the time, so that the group can develop to the maximum extent and the individuals can also be fully developed; so that the area per unit area can be fully developed. Light energy and soil fertility are fully utilized; under the same cultivation conditions, the best economic benefits can be obtained. Sowing can be done on field ridges, which can increase the sowing area and make the soybeans taste better. ?
5. Autumn sowing technology
Soil preparation: After the rice fields are plowed, they are divided into compartments. The compartment width is 2-3 meters, the row spacing is 3 meters, and the hole spacing is 0.33 meters. There are 2-3 seeds per hole, and the density is about 30,000 plants per mu.
Timely sowing: Generally sow before August 10, with a seeding rate of 8-10 kg per acre.
Reasonable fertilization: use 25 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizer per acre mixed with 500 kg of soil fertilizer as cover seed fertilizer; topdress 3-5 kg ??of urea per acre during the early flowering period depending on the seedling condition, and 2% during the pod-setting period. Use 40-50 kilograms of superphosphate clarified solution per mu, and 30-40 kilograms of ammonium molybdate 0.05% concentration diluent per mu. Mix the two and spray them on the leaf surfaces; or spray 0.1% borax solution on the leaf surfaces to improve the quality of the leaves. Kernel fullness.
Field management: When encountering high temperatures during sowing, watering should be done first and then watered. If there is insufficient water after sowing, water can be poured in the evening. At the 3-leaf stage and at the right time, the seedlings are established. The general seedling density is 30,000-40,000 plants per mu. After the seedlings are established, 6-8 kg of urea is applied per mu in a timely manner. Timely cultivating and weeding, generally 2-3 times of cultivating and weeding, and soil cultivation is also required.
Extended information
Growth habits
Soybeans like warmth. The seeds begin to germinate at 10-12℃. The optimum temperature is 15-20℃, which is suitable for growth. 20-25℃, suitable temperature for flowering and pod setting is 20-28℃. Pod formation is delayed at low temperatures, flowering will not occur below 14℃, and plants will stop growing early if the temperature is too high.
Seed germination requires more water, and the soil moisture content is required to be 70%-80% during the flowering stage, otherwise the bud shedding rate will increase. The amount of fertilizer absorbed by soybeans before flowering accounts for less than 15% of the total amount, while the flowering and pod setting stage accounts for more than 80% of the total amount of fertilizer absorbed. ?
Geographic distribution
Soybeans originate from China. It is cultivated throughout China, with Heilongjiang soybeans being the most famous and widely cultivated around the world.
Soybeans generally refer to their seeds. According to the seed coat color and grain shape of soybeans, they are divided into five categories: yellow soybeans, green soybeans, black soybeans, other soybeans, and feed beans.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Soybeans