Huangshui is a medium-sized fish, about one catty per tail, the larger five to six pounds, the largest up to more than ten pounds, meat fat, fat and protein content is very high, nutritious, tasty, the fish body containing fat ten point two three percent, containing protein eighteen point five eight percent, is a superior fish. It with the Taishan red scale fish, Fuchun River shad, Erhai bowfin and oil fish, and called China's five famous fish. Huangshui fish is native to the Yellow River basin, so it looks like the Yellow River carp. Its ancestors were scaly, and after a long evolution, it formed a fish with almost the whole body naked. Qinghai Lake is rich in terrified fish records, the earliest in 1746 AD, "Xining Province, the new record". 1938, Sun Jianchu description of the geology of the Qinghai Lake area, wrote: "the water around the fish, color yellow without scales,...... Huangyuan residents, take the time to go to the leisure to catch by hand, dry to be sold. " Every year in late March, the lake surface of the solid ice just melted, almost clear Huangshui fish, began to swim in groups to the freshwater river connected with the Qinghai Lake. They traverse the river, fertilization, reproduction of offspring. June is the spawning season, in the northwest of the lake near the mouth of the Buha River, dense Huangshui fish, mostly about 1 foot long, scrambling into the river, blocked there, it is really more than to the "yak drinking water to step on the dead fish" degree. Fish chasing each other, through the shallows, dorsal fin out of the water, just like a thousand sails. During the fishing season, a net can catch up to 50,000 catties of fish, with the highest annual output reaching more than 23,000 tons. Because of the alpine zone of the lake has good adaptability, and salinity, in recent years has become our country to the cold climate, high salinity alkaline lakes and fish ponds introduced to domestication of the main fish species, become a promising introduction of domesticated fish.
Qinghai Lake is the main distribution area of Qinghai Lake naked carp, accounting for more than 95% of all the resources of Qinghai Lake fish. It is also found in Keruk Lake and Tosu Lake, but cannot survive in Gahai Lake.
In the Haixinshan and bird island between the circle of fifteen kilometers, the depth of about twenty meters or so within the range, because of the richness of food, Huangshui fish is more concentrated. Huangshui's natural enemy is mainly cormorants, fish gulls and brown-headed gulls; Striped loach and end-footed shrimps also often attack fish eggs. As a result of a large number of fishing, Huangshui storage has been greatly reduced. According to the Chinese Academy of Sciences Northwest Plateau Biological Research Institute estimates, the current Qinghai Lake Huangshui resources only 50,000 tons, the annual sustained production of about four thousand to five thousand tons.
A large number of development of Huangshui resources in Qinghai Lake is in 1958 after. In 1938 China's geologist Sun Jianmin wrote in the examination of Qinghai Lake: "the water is spare fish, color yellow without scales ...... only Huangyuan residents, take the time to go to the leisure to catch by hand, a thousand to be sold." According to records, every summer when the water of Qinghai Lake rises, with the water overflow to the shore of Huangshui fish up to millions of tails. Local people pick up, the fish belly open, to its intestines dregs of sun-dried (commonly known as "dry board fish"), transported to all parts of the sale. In winter, the lake is frozen, nearby residents have chiseled ice fishing (called ice fish) habit. As long as the lake cut an ice hole, some fish will automatically jump out of the ice hole, see the lake Huangshui fish. Started large-scale machine boat fishing, summer a net can hit 50,000 pounds, winter chiseling ice under the net, can also hit fish more than 10,000 pounds. Due to the local people in the past do not eat fish, not fishing, so Huangshui see people do not scare, almost hand can catch. It is understood that do not eat fish for two reasons: one is subject to the restrictions of the Buddhist precepts, only eat cattle and sheep and other hooves for the two toes of the beasts, non-hoofed or clawed animals are not eaten. Second is the legend of the fish for the dragon of the same species, such as harm will rise big storm, the account of the human and animal, so the Tibetan compatriots not only phase precepts do not eat, and also buy fish "release" (put into the lake). These customs for Huangshui free breeding growth provides good conditions.
As the only utilization value of the lake in the fish, the Qinghai Lake Huangshi is facing spawning river to reduce the amount of water, the lake becomes salty and alkaline, man-made poaching three major problems, the survival of the environment is deteriorating.
In the spring of 1964, the State Council promulgated the "aquatic resources reproduction and protection regulations (draft)", the Qinghai Lake Huangshi as one of the national important and valuable aquatic economic animals, and listed as a target for protection; April 1979, the State Administration of Fisheries to re-execute the "Chinese people's *** and the State Water Resources Bureau. Chinese people's **** and the State aquatic resources reproduction protection regulations) "qinghai lake Huangshui is listed as an important object of protection; in April 1980, approved by the standing committee of the people's congress of qinghai province promulgated the" qinghai province (aquatic resources reproduction protection regulations) implementation rules ", in the qinghai province aquatic bureau of fisheries management section, mainly responsible for the qinghai lake and the subsidiary waters of the fishery resources of the reproduction and protection of the work. In April 1982, the Qinghai Provincial People's Government formulated the Implementing Measures for the Enhancement and Protection of Fishery Resources of Qinghai Lake, stipulating that the fishing ban is in force from April to August 15 every year; in 1992, the Standing Committee of the Qinghai Provincial People's Congress approved the promulgation of the "Measures for the Implementation of the Fishery Law of Qinghai Province (People's Republic of China)", which made detailed legal provisions on the enhancement, management, and protection of the fishery resources of Qinghai Lake. detailed legal provisions, so that the Qinghai Lake fishery resources management into the legal track.
From November 1982 to the end of December 1984, all fishing activities were prohibited in winter; from November 1986 to October 31, 1990, a winter fishing ban was imposed on Qinghai Lake, with an output of 1,200 tons in open water, and limited fishing in deep water only; from November 1994 to December 31, 2000, the output limit was lowered from 1,200 tons to 700 tons; 2001 to 2100 on Qinghai Lake to implement a comprehensive ban on fishing, stop all fishing activities.