English name: deep sea dragonfish (deep sea dragonfish) or scaleless dragonfish (scaly dragonfish)

Latin name: grammatostomias flagellibarba

size: about 4-6 inches (10.2-15.2 cm)

size: about 4-6 inches (10.2-15.2 cm)

Size: the deeper the water, the bigger the animal. flagellibarba

Size: about 4-6 inches (10.2-15.2 centimeters)

Habitat: tropical oceans

Habitat depth: depths up to 5,000 feet (1,524 meters)

The black megagrass belongs to the order Megagrassiformes. Although this fish is not large, it is a vicious predator.

Like the deep-sea monkfish, it has a large head and is armed with a large number of long, sharp fangs, and is also similar to the deep-sea monkfish in that it has a luminescent lure, with the difference being that instead of the luminescent lure growing on the back of the head, it grows in the lower jaw. Like the deep-sea snakehead, it also constantly flashes and swings back and forth as a way to lure its prey, and when the prey gets close, it bites it with its sharp teeth. There are also two rows of luminaries on either side of the body, which signal to other giants during mating and mimic the sparkling light coming in from the surface, thus misleading predatory fish from the depths below. What distinguishes the black megacanth from the rest of the megacanth order is the pair of luminaries below their eyes, which act as searchlights when searching for prey in the deep ocean depths.

Visible light from the sky is absorbed in the mid-oceanic zone, and the deeper zones create an extremely dark environment in which the eyes of the black megacanths are specialized into barrels, with photoreceptor cells densely packed underneath the large crystals.

The photosynthesis zone is sunny and has the most abundant food, but some crustaceans and flexipods that specialize in phytoplankton will escape surface predators by going down shallow to hundreds of meters deep during the day, and then migrate to the surface to forage for food when it is safer at night, and then return to the deeper waters when it is almost sunrise. Some deep-sea fish also migrate day and night to feed on flexipeds, which are further followed by other larger predatory fish, thus triggering large-scale animal migrations. This behavior increases the exchange of material between the surface and deeper layers. Chironomids are one of the fish involved in this diurnal vertical migration.

Fangtooth

Horned tall-bodied alfonsino, English name: fangtooth (fangtooth) or ogrefish (ogrefish) Latin name: anoplogaster

Size: about 6 inches (15.2 centimeters)

Habitat range: tropical and temperate oceans

p> Habitat depth: up to 16,000 feet (4,877 meters)

This fish with a simple, easy-to-remember English name has a long-winded Chinese name, the horned gilt-eye snapper.

The fish belongs to the order Geminidae, and its menacing appearance has given it the name "sharp teeth", while its fearsome appearance has earned it the scary English name "ogre fish".

The fangs inhabit particularly deep parts of the ocean, and although they are most often found at 500-2000 meters, they are at home in the middle of the abyssal zone at depths of up to 5000 meters, where the water pressure is terrifyingly high and the temperature is close to freezing. Food is scarce here, so these fish eat whatever they see, and most of their food probably falls from the upper layers of the ocean. Although these fish are not afraid of the cold, they are found in the deeper parts of the tropical and temperate oceans, as it is there that more food falls from above. Sharp-toothed adults look very different from juveniles, which have long and light gray skulls, while adults have large heads and mouths that range in color from dark brown to black. Juveniles do not begin to look like adults until they reach 8 centimeters in length. Juveniles eat crustaceans, while adults eat fish.

Viper fish

The viper fish is generally found in water 80-1600 meters below the surface and is one of the most repulsive looking fish in the ocean at this depth. Some of these fish are black in color and have lighted organs in certain parts of their bodies, including a long dorsal fin that is used as a feeding lure. Some viperfish (and many other deep-sea fish) do not contain any pigment, so they appear "transparent"; they also have large eyes to gather more light in the darkness of the sea floor; and the light-emitting organs are chemically engineered to emit light.

Angler snakehead

Angler snakehead fish is commonly known as stutterfish, toadfish, sea toad, pipefish, etc. It is a bony fish. Belong to the bony fish, monkfish, monkfish order, monkfish family, for the world of fish, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean are distributed, a variety of species: the big ones can reach 1-1.5 meters. There are only two species in China, one is called yellow snakehead and the other is black snakehead. The former has 2 rows of mandibular teeth. The former has 2 rows of mandibular teeth, white in the mouth, and 8-11 brachial fins; the latter has 3 rows of mandibular teeth, black and white circular markings in the mouth, and 6-7 brachial fins. The yellow snakehead is distributed in the Yellow Bohai Sea and the northern part of the East China Sea, and the black snakehead is found in the East China Sea and the South China Sea.

The monkfish has two dorsal fins. The first dorsal fin is different from the general fish and consists of five to six independently separated fin spines (six for the yellow snakehead and five for the black snakehead).

The first two silvers are located on the back of the muzzle. It has a cortical spike at its tip. The 2nd dorsal and brachial fins are located caudally. The pectoral fins are very broad, lateral, rounded, with an arm-like base that facilitates body gliding. The ventral fin is short and throaty. The caudal fin is rounded and truncated. The body is naked and scaleless, with cortical projections of varying sizes above the head and body and along the lateral margins of the body.

The monkfish is a medium-sized benthic fish that usually lurks on the bottom and does not swim well.

This snakehead is only 10 centimeters long. It is unlikely to encounter prey in the deep sea, so it tries to swallow food that is larger than itself. The sharp teeth are inward facing and once the prey is caught, it is not allowed to escape.

The stomach of the Johnson's snakehead can bulge out as in the photo on the right, so large prey can be swallowed.

Dense-spined snakeheads ceratias holboelli, dense-spined snakeheads have females that are much larger than males, the larger one on the left is a female with a full length of 1-1.2 meters, and the smaller one is a male with only 8-16 centimeters, and the males live parasitically on the females. The males live parasitically on the females. The males bite the females when they meet them and soon become part of the female's body. The part of the female that looks like the ventral fin on the left is the parasitic male.

The snakehead gigantactis vanhoeffeni is 30 centimeters long and has a "fishing rod" that is more than twice as long as its body length.

The spiny snakehead, himantolophus groenlandicus, is 60 centimeters long, and has a "fishing rod" with knots and strips of rope.

gulper eel

Gulper eel

English name: gulper eel (devouring eel) or umbrellamouth gulper (umbrella-mouthed devourer)

Latin name: eurypharynx pelecanoides

Size: one species. can grow up to 6 feet (1.8 m), the other can only grow up to 30 inches (75 cm)

Habitat: worldwide

Habitat depth: up to 5,000-6,000 feet (1,524-1,829 m)

This alien monster fish belongs to the order of the cystacanthids and the family of broadgulpers.

This typical deep-sea fish is one of the strangest-looking creatures in the depths of the ocean. Its most distinctive feature is its large mouth, this eel has no movable upper jaw, and the huge lower jaw is loosely attached to the head, never close the mouth, when it opens its mouth wide, it can easily swallow animals larger than it, so it gets the name "umbrella mouth devourer" in the West, and in Chinese it is called the In Chinese, it is called the "Wide Gulp Fish". The swallowed prey is placed in a pouch in the lower jaw like a fish swallowed by a pelican, which is why it is also called the pelican eel in the West. This eel has no ribs, and its stomach stretches so much that it can hold up and put down its prey. But do not therefore misunderstand it to eat large animals mainly, in fact, its main food or slow swimming small fish and shrimp, etc., eat a large meal is still a minority.

These eels survive in the deep waters of the world's oceans, inhabiting depths of 3,000-6,000 feet (914-1,829 meters), and there are some sources that say they inhabit depths of 5,000-9,000 feet (1,500 to 2,750 meters), but it is safe to assume that the deep zone is their home. Since the deep zone is very dark, vision is not important, so their eyes are very small. This eel also has a long, whip-like tail, and those broad pharynxes brought to the surface in trawls are often found with their tails tied in several knots of their own.

Like many deep-sea fish, they have a luminescent device at the tip of their tail that emits a red light, and some scientists think they may often hold their tails in front of their mouths to lure prey. Observations of them have shown that they like to swim in circles, perhaps to chase prey that are chasing their tails, or to entangle prey with their long tails.

Juvenile broadsnouts live in the photosynthesis zone at depths of 100 to 200 meters, and as adults they swim to the bottom. Adult male broadsnouts undergo a number of physical changes, including enlargement of the olfactory organs and degeneration of the teeth and jaws, while females undergo no changes.

Giant squid (giant squid)

English name: giant squid (giant squid)

Latin scientific name: architeuthis dux

Size: 40-60 feet (12.2-18.3 meters)

Habitat: worldwide

Habitat depth: 10,000 feet (3,048 m)

This giant squid is one of the largest animals in the world, and the largest invertebrate, belonging to the cephalopod family, the order Porifera, and the giant squid family, and is also referred to as the "giant king squid" in many Chinese articles. In fact, there is a difference between squid and squid, in terms of the ordinary size of the squid and squid, they are very similar in appearance, but there is a clear difference: the squid body is long and narrow, a little like the head of a javelin, so it is also called the gun squid.

The squid's tentacles are not as long as those of the squid, and they can't retract all the way into the body. However, since the term king squid has been used for a long time, it is common on many formal articles, and probably counts as a legitimate name.

Scientists don't know much about this animal yet, because so far people have never seen a live one in the wild, and what we do know comes from the carcasses of giant squid that wash up on beaches, and more often from fishermen's trawls. They are carnivores, and based on studies of the food in their stomachs, they are not supposed to be fussy eaters, stuffing their bellies with almost anything. They have large, well-evolved eyes with fairly good eyesight, and while a large number of the creatures in the deeper belts where they live are luminous, these giant squids use their large eyes to follow the light and hunt with ease.

This is the first living one that scientists have seen, and it's a giant squid hatchling This giant animal was the subject of many ancient sea monster legends, even during World War II, when shipwrecked crews reported that their shipwrecked comrades were being eaten by the creatures in the darkness of the night, and there were reports of giant squids running to the surface and dragging people from small boats into the sea. Though all those reports have not been officially confirmed, they have been pictured in many drawings as fearsome and powerful predators.

Giant isopod

English name: giant isopod (giant isopod)

Latin name: bathynomus

Size: about 12-16 inches (30.5-40.6 centimeters)

Habitat: worldwide

Habitat depth: over 2,000 feet (610 m)

The giant deep-sea big louse belongs to the crustacean order Isopoda, and is the largest member of the known group of isopods, which would be most familiar to its smaller isopod cousins, the tidewater bugs.

While not vegetarians, these large crustaceans are not ferocious creatures that spend their lives simply cleaning up animal carcasses on the ocean floor.

Because of the lack of food in the depths of the ocean, the big deep-sea lice have had to adapt to a life of eating whatever falls from above. In addition to relying on pie in the sky, they also eat small invertebrates that live at the same depth as them.

The largest known giant deep-sea big lice are over 40 centimeters in size, making them one of the largest species in the crustacean family. The animal has the appearance of a prehistoric creature, and when threatened behaves like a tide worm, curling its body up into a tight ball and allowing the hard armor on its back to protect it.

As opposed to simple mouths like those of humans, their mouths are very complex, including many parts that work in concert to stab, tear, and pull out internal organs. For them, the optimum temperature for survival is 9 degrees Celsius. And they lay the largest eggs of any known marine invertebrate.

The picture shows a newly hatched larva of the giant antarctic isopod (Latin name: glyptonotus antarcticus), which lives near the islands and continents around the Arctic Ocean, at a maximum depth of about 790 meters. The larvae will eat the unhatched eggs when they hatch, while female Arctic Ocean giant deep-sea lice generally die after laying their eggs, with a few surviving to reproduce again.

Coffinfish

With a soft body and a long tail covered in small spines, the coffinfish can grow up to 10 centimeters long. The creature can be caught below the surface in the central to eastern Indian Ocean at 1320-1760 meters reach.

Vampire squid (vampire squid)

English name: vampire squid (vampire squid, vampire squid is the common name)

Latin scientific name: vampyroteuthis infernalis

Size: about 6 inches (15.2 cm)

Habitat range: tropical and temperate oceans

Habitat depth: 1,800-3,500 ft (548.6-1066.8 m)

This cephalopod, phantom octopus creature swims like it's out of a midnight sci-fi movie, with two large fins growing from its body that look like two ears; it has a jelly-like form, more like a jellyfish rather than a squid or squid (which it wasn't); and the Ghost Octopus has very large eyes; it's a small creature, only 6 inches long (15.2 centimeters), with bulbous eyes as big as those of a large dog.

The ghostly octopus is a luminescent creature with a body covered in light-emitting organs, which allows them to light themselves up and out at will, and when it extinguishes its luminaires, it becomes completely invisible in the darkness in which it lives.

Unlike most squid, squid, and octopus, ghost octopuses do not have ink sacs. Their "arms" have fang-like spikes, giving them the English name "vampire squid". A pair of "arms" changes into an extendable thin body that can be stretched to twice the length of the animal's body, and they use this pair of stretchable tentacles to cooperate with other shorter tentacles to catch prey together. When in danger, Ghost Octopus turns its tentacles up to cover its body, forming a protective net with spikes.

As far as jelly-like creatures go, the Ghost Octopus is a very fast swimmer, reaching up to two body lengths per second, and can reach that speed within five seconds of starting. If danger is at hand, it can make several sharp turns in a row to get away from an enemy. Their flippers help with swimming, paddling like penguins and turtles do.

A depth of about 1,000 meters is a suitable place for them to live, but it can still be found up to 13,000 feet (4,000 meters) deep.

Long-nosed chimaera (lng-nosed chimaera)

Chimaeriformes (chimaeriformes)

One of the subclasses of Chondrichthyes, there are about 30 species in six genera of three families in this order. The body length is 60-200 centimeters, and females are larger than males. The body is extended and laterally compressed. The snout is short and conical, or prolonged and pointed, or prolonged and flattened like a leaf hook, such as the black line silver shark. The teeth of both jaws are plate-shaped rostral. The dorsal fin spines are movable and can hang vertically, and the second dorsal fin is low and extended, or short and triangular. The tail is crooked, with the lower lobe larger than the upper, and the caudal vertebral axis slightly upturned; or rounded, with the upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin about equal, and the caudal vertebral axis parallel; or linear. Body smooth, sometimes with shield scales on head and dorsum of juveniles. Males with ventral prefin feet and frontal fin feet in addition to fin feet. Eggs large, cylindrical or oval. Intestine with 3-3.5 spiral valves. Arterial rounded vertebrae of the heart with 3 rows of valves. Gill filaments several equal lengths to gill intervals. Gill slits 4 pairs, covered by a membranous gill cover, posteriorly with a common gill pore. Maxillae fused to cranium. No vertebrae, spinal cord constricted without segmentation; left and right halves of girdle partially separated. Cloaca absent. Fertilization in vivo. Main stream of water flow during respiration mainly through naso-oral groove of nostrils to inside of mouth, mouth generally closed. Swimming is slow, relying on the back of the body, the second dorsal fin and the tail to fluctuate forward. The pectoral fins play a propulsive and balancing role. Distributed in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, inhabiting the deep sea at a depth of 2600 meters or more. It is more active at night and dies when it emerges from the water. Eats shellfish, crustaceans and small fish. Meat can be eaten, liver can make cod liver oil.

Leaf hook-nosed silver shark family has a genus of about four species, distributed in South America, New Zealand, South Australia, South Africa and other places along the coast.

There are two genera and more than 20 species of silver sharks, distributed in the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. China has two genera and four species, distributed in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Long-nosed silverside family has three genera: the new sharp-nosed silverside genus of about two species, distributed in West Africa, the southern Caribbean Sea; long-nosed silverside genus of six species, China has the Pacific long-nosed silverside; production of the South China Sea; sharp-nosed silverside genus is distributed in the Atlantic Ocean, Japan, New Zealand, the United States coast; China has one species, produced in the South China Sea and the East China Sea.