Apple is one of the common fruits in life. After dwarfing culture and proper modeling, it is also a simple and elegant bonsai with ornamental value. Making apples into bonsai is not only beautiful, but also the fruit is as delicious as ordinary fruit trees. The following is a potted apple planting method carefully arranged by Xiaobian for you. Let's take a look.

First, choose varieties

Potted apples should choose varieties with small crown, slender branches, slightly smaller leaves, beautiful tree shape, strong germination ability, early fruiting, high yield year after year, long fruit period and strong ability to resist diseases and adapt to potted environment, such as B-girl, Winter Red Fruit, Rose Autumn, Kurenai Rin Fruit (Wanshou Fruit), Thousand-Ear Fruit, Hanfu and Hanxiang. (for reference only)

2. Selection of pots and allocation of nutrient soil

1. Generally, plain-burned pots, purple sand pots and wooden pots are selected for potted apples. The specifications of pots are 4cm in diameter, 35cm in bottom diameter and 3cm in height, and the round pots are mainly round, which is conducive to the uniform stretching of roots around.

2, nutrient soil preparation, culture soil should have good physical and chemical properties, rich in humus, fertilizer conservation, strong water storage capacity, good ventilation and appropriate pH value. Choose 6 parts of fertile ripe soil, 2 parts of river sand, 1 part of decomposed sheep manure, 1 part of fermented leaves and horseshoe manure, mix them evenly in proportion and sieve them. Before use, the culture soil should be disinfected by cooking, baking or medicine, and the soil pH should be measured and adjusted. The most suitable pH value for apples is 5.7~6.7.

Third, the upper pot

Generally, it is planted in the upper pot before germination in spring or after defoliation in autumn. When planting, the roots are disinfected by soaking with 5-degree lime-sulfur mixture, and the necrotic and excessively long roots are cut off. First, put a few broken tiles on the bottom of the basin, then spread 2~3cm thick slag as a drainage layer, and then put 1/3 culture soil, evenly control the roots, slightly shake the seedlings while filling the soil to make the roots closely connected with the soil, bury the soil firmly, water it in time, and keep the soil moist.

Fourth, fertilizer and water management

1. Fertilization of apple bonsai should master the principle of "thin fertilizer and diligent application, nutrition collocation". Do not apply fertilizer at the flowering stage to avoid hindering the flowering of plants. Fertilization is not recommended for apple bonsai in winter.

Apply .2% quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer once before and after germination, so as to promote orderly germination and flowering;

from may, topdressing liquid fertilizer once every 1 days, with 2 times liquid organic cake fertilizer as the main fertilizer, supplemented by .2% inorganic liquid fertilizers such as urea, diammonium and ammonium sulfate;

When foliar fertilizer is sprayed during fruit expansion, .3% ~ .5% urea and 3% ~ 5% plant ash leaching solution can be sprayed; Topdressing .5% organic liquid fertilizer with .2% inorganic nitrogen fertilizer once every half month when the fruit approaches maturity; Applying decomposed manure as base fertilizer after defoliation;

when the new shoots stop growing and the fruits mature, according to the plant growth, topdressing should be done once every 1 days, mainly with 2 times of organic liquid fertilizer and .2% of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer.

2. The soil of potted apples should be thoroughly watered after drying, and water should be replenished in time during germination, flowering and fruit expansion. In June, water should be properly controlled to promote flower bud differentiation. Water less in rainy season from July to August. Water once a week in spring; In summer, the temperature is high and the transpiration is large, so it can be watered once every 1 ~ 2 days, and foliar spraying is needed in high temperature season; Control watering in autumn to prevent vain growth; Generally, no watering in winter means that the soil in the basin is not too dry. The leaves are thick and green, indicating that the fertilizer and water are moderate and the heart leaves are yellow, indicating that the water is watered too often and should be adjusted in time.

V. Shaping and pruning

Potted fruit trees can be cultivated into natural round heads, towers, small spindles, folded sectors, happy hearts, "Y" shapes and so on according to the specific conditions of seedlings. Pay attention to the angle opening to make it ventilated and transparent, which is conducive to the formation of flower buds and high yield. Every year, when the new shoots of fruit trees grow to 1 ~ 13 cm, they must be twisted and broken when they are semi-lignified. One-year-old seedlings can also be cored according to the required height to strengthen the trunk and then send new branches. For new branches, branches should be pulled to cultivate tree shape; In the growth period, the over-dense branches, competitive branches, parallel branches and long branches are thinned out. Thinning branches should be done sooner rather than later, and should be done before lignification of branches. Pruning of fruiting trees should be carried out after the tree is dormant, and it is advisable to keep 1/2 or 1/3 of fruiting branches, cut off over-dense branchlets, expand the crown year by year, and make efforts to strengthen the big tree with the load of main branches. It is necessary to balance the tree potential, make its fruiting branches full of space, and make the tree robust and beautiful. In addition, according to the varieties and shapes of apple bonsai, various measures can be taken to create the basic form of bonsai, such as pulling branches, coring, twisting tips, girdling, thinning branches, retracting, plant growth regulators and so on.

6. management of flowers and fruits

1. artificial pollination: pollen is collected from orchards with similar phenology 2-3 days before the apple blooms, and artificial pollination is carried out in the early stage of potted

apple blooming and the morning of the flower blooming.

2. Sparse the redundant flowers on the branches at flowering stage. When thinning flowers, each inflorescence should leave middle flowers and first side flowers. Try to protect the top flower buds on the short branches. Fruit thinning should be the first time when the soybean grain is large; The second time should be carried out when the fruit hawthorn is big, and this is the fruit setting period. Fruit bagging is carried out after physiological fruit dropping, so as to improve the appearance of fruit, make the peel smooth, beautiful and colorful, reduce the number of pesticide spraying, prevent pollution and increase the proportion of high-quality fruit. Take down the fruit bag 15 ~ 3 days before the fruit ripens and color the fruit.

VII. Prevention and control of pests and diseases

Apple bonsai has fewer pests and diseases because of its fine management. Once pests and diseases occur, the diseased branches, leaves and fruits should be removed in time, and the pests should be caught artificially. When the diseases and insect pests are serious, spray fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate and chlorothalonil once or twice after flowering to prevent and control fruit and leaf diseases; Spraying pyrethroid insecticides twice in April to May to control aphids, leaf rollers and other pests; Spraying pesticides and acaricides, such as Mirex and Uranus, for 1-2 times in June-July to control red spider and peach moth; Spraying fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate and Bordeaux mixture in July and August to control early defoliation, ring rot and anthracnose.

VIII. Managing and changing pots in winter

1. Wrap pots with straw ropes, sacks, etc. after defoliation in winter, or bury pots in the ground for the winter, or put them in cellars, corridors and other places for the winter, or move them into idle rooms for the winter.

2. Change the pots once a year after defoliation, pour out the apple trees in the pots, gradually remove the topsoil, even uproot 1/3 of the old soil, cut off the netted root mat, then fill in new nutrient soil, plant and compact, and water them thoroughly. Pay attention to loosen the soil in time to avoid hardening in the basin, which will affect its absorption of water and fertilizer.